高考英语一轮复习课时知能训练 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8.doc

课时知能训练.完形填空(2012潮州模拟)there are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time.one of them is to walk around it，guidebook in hand.of course，we may _1_ with our guidebooks the history and _2_developments of a town and get to know them.but then，if we _3_ our time and stay in a town for a while，we may get to know it better.when we _4_ it as a whole，we begin to have some _5_，which even the best guidebooks do not answer.why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size? why do its streets _6_in this particular way，and not in any _7_ way?here even the best guidebook _8_ us.one cant find in it the information about how a town has developed to the _9_ appearance.it may not describe the original _10_ of a town.however，one may get some ideas of what it _11_look like by walking around the town.one can also imagine how the town was first planned and built.then one can learn more about in what direction the town _12_ to develop.what is the _13_ of studying towns in this way？for me，it is _14_ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with ones own eyes.a personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a _15_.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了了解一个城镇的不同的方法。作者提出亲自到城镇里转一转要比拿一本旅行指南好。1a.writebtellcstudy dremember【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：当然，我们可以用旅行指南去研究一个城镇的历史以及它独特的发展状况，然后慢慢了解它。根据第三段第一句中的“.of studying towns.”可知，c项正确。【答案】c2a.swift bsimilarcseparate dspecial【解析】考查形容词辨析。swift意为“迅速的，快的”；similar意为“相似的”；separate意为“单独的，分开的”；special意为“特殊的”，上文提到研究城镇的历史，应该是了解其独到之处，故d项符合语境。【答案】d3a.take btreasurecput dlimit【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：不过，如果我们花时间在城里待一会儿，我们就可以更好地了解它。take意为“花费”，符合文意。【答案】a4a.look after blook atclook for dlook up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look at意为“看到”；look after意为“照顾”；look for意为“寻找”；look up意为“查阅”。句意：当我们把它看做一个总体后，我们就会有一些连最好的旅游指南都解答不了的问题。故b项符合文意。【答案】b5a.ideas bopinionscfeelings dquestions【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下一句“why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size？”可知，此处选d项，questions为先行词，且作answer的宾语。【答案】d6a.open bruncbegin dmove【解析】考查动词辨析。结合上下文内容可知，此处指城镇街道特别的延伸方式，街道延伸用run/extend，故选b项。【答案】b7a.one bmorecother dsuch【解析】考查形容词辨析。other意为“其他的”。句意：为什么街道以这种独特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？故c项符合文意。【答案】c8a.fails btrickschelps dsatisfies【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也会使我们失望。fail sb.意为“使某人失望，有负于某人”，符合文意。而help sb.意为“帮助某人”；trick sb.意为“哄骗某人”；satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”与语境不符。【答案】a9a.old bnormalcfirst dpresent【解析】考查形容词辨析。old意为“古老的，旧的”；normal意为“普通的”；first意为“第一的”；present意为“目前的”。这里是指通过guidebook你无法获得关于一个城镇如何发展成了现在的样子的相关信息，故选d项。【答案】d10a.capital bmeaningcdesign dchange【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文“the town was first planned and built”可知，此空应填design，表示不能向我们介绍城镇最初的设计。【答案】c11a.used to bseemed tochad to dhappened to【解析】考查短语辨析。used to do意为“过去常常做某事”；seem to意为“似乎”；have to意为“不得不”；happen to意为“碰巧”。此处指在城镇里走一走，可以了解它过去是什么样子的，故a项符合文意。【答案】a12a.stops bappearscstarts dcontinues【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：于是，一个人能够对这个城镇继续往什么方向发展有了更多的了解。了解过去是为了展望未来，故d项正确。【答案】d13a.point bviewcproblem ddifficulty【解析】考查名词辨析。上文讲述了了解城镇的方式，再由下文中的“one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with ones own eyes”可知，我们这么做的意义，故选a项，构成what is the point of doing sth.结构，意为“做某事有何意义”。【答案】a14a.simply bnearlycgenerally dhardly【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：对于我来讲，亲眼看一看城镇仅会让一个人获得更多的快乐。simply意为“仅仅，只不过”，符合文意。【答案】a15a.magazine bguidebookcnewspaper dfiction【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：亲自去城里转一转会帮助你更好地了解为什么它如此吸引人，比只读旅行指南要好得多。故b项正确。【答案】b.语法填空he is the man who for many people has been a role model.now your biggest hero deserves a special day when you can express your thanks and let him know 1._ important he is to you.the third sunday of junewhich 2._(fall) on june 19 this yearis fathers day.the idea of fathers day came from 3._american woman called sonora smart dodd in 1909.dodd wanted a special day 4._(honor)her father.he raised six children by 5._after his wife died.dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.the first fathers day 6._(celebrate) on june 19,1910.in 1924，us president calvin coolidge supported the idea of a 7._(nation) fathers day.finally，in 1966，president lyndon johnson declared the third sunday of june 8._fathers day.here are some ways to show your love and respect：*send him a greeting card.fathers prefer cards 9._ are not too emotional.so choose one that will make him laugh.*if he has a computer，cover his desktop 10._words like “i love you dad”*a small present，such as a framed photo of your family，can make him feel like a king.【答案】1.how考连接词的用法。宾语从句的感叹句用how修饰形容词important。2falls考动词时态的用法。日历固定的节假日用一般现在时。3an考冠词的用法。泛指美国一位妇女，用不定冠词。4to honor考非谓语动词的用法。用动词不定式作定语，修饰a special day。5himself考代词的用法。表“独自，单独”用by oneself。6was celebrated考谓语动词的用法。父亲节是被庆祝的，故用被动语态。7national考构词法。国庆节要用形容词形式。8as考介词的用法。as在这里表示“作为”。9that/which考连接词的用法。引导定语从句，that或which在从句中作主语。10with考介词的用法。cover.with.“用覆盖”。.阅读理解a(2012广东五校联考)traffic jam and cities，it seems，go hand in hand.everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but，like the weather，no one seems to do anything about it.in particular，traffic engineers，transportation planners，and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.but is traffic jam a sign of failure? long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success.should transportation systems be viewed any differently? i think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable byproduct of successful cities，and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces.culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems，while decaying cities dont have much traffic.new york and los angeles are americas most crowded cities.but if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行)，you will find them easier to reach in crowded new york than in any other large cities.and if your firm needs access to postproduction film editors or satelliteguidance engineers，you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of la than through less crowded roads elsewhere.despite traffic jam，a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large，crowded cities than elsewhere.seen in this light，traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity，not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.so while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities，the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.there is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like bangkok，jakarta，and lagos.but mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the us，even in our most crowded cities.thats why，for now，we dont see people and capital streaming out of san francisco and chicago，heading for cities like california，and illinois.【语篇解读】文章讲述交通堵塞是经济繁荣的大城市常常出现的问题。然而，交通堵塞绝不是经济或者城市衰退的原因。1we can conclude from the first paragraph that_.atraffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big citybtraffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withcif traffic engineers try their best，traffic jam can be solveddpublic officials are always criticized for misusing their power【解析】推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知城市和交通堵塞是相伴而生的。【答案】b2according to the passage，whats the authors opinion towards traffic jam?ain cities，traffic jam is unavoidable.btraffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.ctraffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.dfor a successful city，traffic jam is not unpreventable.【解析】作者观点题。从第二段第四个句子可知作者的明确观点。交通堵塞本身就是发达城市发展中不可预测的副产品。【答案】c3by saying “decaying” (in para.4)，the writer probably means _.adecliningbdevelopingcrich and successful dstrong and healthy【解析】词义猜测题。由上文对比可知，成功的城市存在最糟糕的交通问题，相反的情况是衰退的城市没有太多交通堵塞。【答案】a4according to this article，which statement about “new york” and “los angeles” is true?athe traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.bnew york and los angeles are the most successful cities in the usa.cit is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.ddespite the traffic jam in la，youll find a satelliteguidance engineer more quickly there.【解析】推理判断题。由第四段可知。【答案】d5what can we learn from the last paragraph?acalifornia is as crowded and successful as san francisco.bthe traffic jam in san francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.cthe traffic jam level in jakarta is lower than that in the us.dtraffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as bangkok and lagos.【解析】段落大意题。由最后一段第一个主题句可知。【答案】dbbad moods can actually be good for you，with an australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信)，improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.the study，authored by psychology professor joseph forgas at the university of new south wales，showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told.“although positive mood seems to promote creativity，flexibility，cooperation，and reliance on mental shortcuts，negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive，careful thinking，paying greater attention to the external world，” forgas wrote.“our research suggests that motes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations.”for the study，forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.in one of the experiments，happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.people in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices，and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.the study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments，which forgas said showed that a “mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete，accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style.”“positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors，are more resistant to eyewitness distortions (扭曲) and are better at producing highquality，effective persuasive messages，” forgas wrote.the study was published in the november/december edition of the australian science journal.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍新的研究发现，情绪不好事实上对人有好处，使人不会轻易相信别人，且有助于提高判断能力和增强记忆。6the study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood，he _.ais particular about everythingbshows less concern about otherscis willing to believe what he hearsdcares more about his surroundings【解析】细节理解题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything”可知，d项正确。【答案】d7which of the following is connected with positive mood?anew ideas. bbeing stubborn.cbeing careful. dconcentration.【解析】细节判断题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told”可知，情绪好的人更容易相信别人的话，因此可知，应选a项。【答案】a8how did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?aby watching sports programs.bby listening to happy or sad stories.cby dealing with demanding situations.d