初中英语 语法梳理和提高 数词讲解例题解析.doc

初中英语语法梳理和提高数词讲解例题解析数 词 英语数词表示数目或者顺序， 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 一、基数词的构成 11-12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 213-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。 320-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-，如：28-twenty-eight，96-ninety-six。 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。 6hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600-six hundred，8百万-eight million。 71000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无万这个词，我们可以用几十个千（thousand）表示几万，几百个千（thousand）表示几十万。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。1.one- first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为i, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one - one hundred and first 注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 又一 的意思。 例如：mr brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。he has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 几点钟用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5点钟-five（oclock） 几点过几分 ，30分钟用介词past。如： 7：05-five past seven；7：15-fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30-half past seven。 差几分几点用介词to。如：7：40-twenty to eight；7：45-fifteen（a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05-seven o five；7：15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示：年份用基数词，如：1999年-nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年-nineteen hundred； 2000-two thousand；1905-nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：june 8，1998；读作：june the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of june， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世纪、年代表示法： （在）90年代 (in) the nineties （在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4编号的表示：lesson one the first lesson第一课；bus no3the no3bus 3路公共汽车；表示住所时不用no如：302房间-room 302（读作：room three o two）；如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词,如：3855633-three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。5分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母则加s。如：13 one third，23two thirds；另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分数5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 9其他用法：1）基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。2）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。the changjiang river is 6，300 kilometres long3）表示几十岁用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties4）倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词times。如：5倍five times)。例如：he is as tall a boy as i.he is a head taller than i .he is two years older than ichina is four times as large as europe.i am twice as old as you. (=i am twice older than you. /i am twice the age of you.)my books are twice as many as yours.china is four times larger than europe.(=china is four times the size of europe.)i pay twice as much as it was worth.i pay twice as much for the house.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. _ chinese are looking for ways to learn english well before beijing 2008 olympic. a. thousand b. thousands c. thousand of d. thousands of 2. both of the rules are broken. i want to buy a _ one. a. three b. third c. forth d. /3). - which is the smallest number of the four? - _. a. two- thirds b. a half c. a quarter d. three-fourths4). please write down the new words in the text of _. a. lesson eleven b. the lesson eleven c. lesson eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百，成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案d. 2答案： b。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3答案：c。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4答案： a。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：lesson eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： no. 6 middle school练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择填空：1._ of people in the world are sending information by e-mail ever day. a. many million b. several million c. several millions d. many millions2.about _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. a. three quarter, is b. three quarters, has c. three quarters, is d. three quarter, are3.it will take _ time to finish the work. a. one and a half years b. a year and half c. one and a half years d. a year and halfs4- how long will your stay here ?、 -for _ . a. one and two days b. one and two day c. a day or two d. one or two day5when he moved to germany in _ , he was already in _ . a. the fifties; his sixties b. fifties; his sixties c. the fifties; his sixty d. fifty; sixty6my brother lives in _ on _ floor. a. six room ;second b. room six ;the second c. room six; two floor d. the room six ; the second7december is _ month of the year. a. twelve b. twelfth c. the twelfth d. the twelve8this took place in the _ . a. 1940 b. 1940s c. 1940es d. 1940th9it is only _ from my home to the train station. a. ten minutes walk b. ten-minutes walk c. ten minutes s walk d. ten minutes walk10there are _ in this building , i live on _.a. nine floors ,the ninth floor b. nine floor, the ninth floorc. nine floor , nine floors d.ninth floor,the ninth floor11the water behind the three gorges dams (三峡大坝) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 a. sixty-five meter b. sixty-fifth meterc. sixty-five meters d. sixty-fifth meters12. there are _ days in a year. a. three hundred sixty-five b. three hundred and sixty-five c. three hundred and sixty -five d. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -how many teachers are there in your school? - _. , but im not sure. a. hundreds b. hundred c. hundreds of d. one hundred14. there are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. a. thousand b. two thousand c. two thousands d. two thousands of15. - whats one fourth and a half, do you know? -