高考英语 短文改错做题思路与方法训练九（附解析）.doc

短文改错做题思路与方法训练九短文改错口诀：修改不过八，一删一增加。涉及各种词，得分人人夸。 一句一句查，主要查语法。考点心中记，改正按方法。错误与词性错误涉及的考点错误涉及的题干信息或关键词考查类型错词缺词多词考查落点解题关键信息 关键词名词单数，复数语境 句意代词类别,人称单复数，主格宾格所有格，语境 句意数词序数词 分数构词形容词副词词形、比较级或辨析结构 句意动词助动词助动词1.时态（构成）1.背景或状语助动词助动词2.语态（构成）2.主语和谓语动词的关系3.to do3.逻辑主语，时间及结构搭配4.doing4.逻辑主语，时间及结构搭配5.done5.逻辑主语，时间及结构搭配冠词辨析the，a，an，以及无冠词语境介词和其它词搭配结构 语境句意连词1.定语从句1.从句成分及关系词用法2.状语从句2.上下文的逻辑3.宾语从句 主语从句3.从句成分及连词用法4.强调句型4.句型判断与还原5.并列句5.前后句逻辑感叹词how或what语序和结构倒装句语序构成（主语前后的词形）give up smokingsmoking is a widespread habit even among school children. a numberof young smokers is increasing.it is reported that over two-fifth of the students in a certain school smoke, some of them even steal money to buy cigarettes. this is terribly.as we all know it, smoking is harmful toour health. butits even more harmful to middle school students, for it do great harm not only to their health but also to his mind.middle school students are future builders from the country. they should spend their time learn what is useful. so its really time that these young smoker made up their minds to give up smoking.序号考查类型考查落点关键信息/语境/大意基准词修改描述答案难度1冠词辨析increasinga改为the难2数词用法two-fifthtwo-fifth改为two-fifths易3连词用法结构smoke, some中间加and难4形容词副词词形this isterribly改为terrible易5代词用法as we all knowit改为it难6动词谓语的数itdo改为does易7代词用法students，their healthhis 改为their 中8介词辨析语境from改为of中9动词非谓语spend their timelearn改为learning中10名词单复数thesesmoker改为smokers易命题思路：此短文的取材很适合于短文改错，这篇命题中考查的覆盖面比较全，考点分布比较均匀。答案解析与解题点拨：1. 此句中的increasing（增长）暗示着主语应该是“数量”，a numberof表示“许多”，所以把a 改为the，the numberof young smokers表示“青年吸烟者的数量”。2. 此处考查分数的构成，当分数的分子（基数词）大于一时，分数的分母（序数词）应该用复数，所以“五分之二”的正确写法是two-fifths。3. 此处逗号的前面和后面都是完整的句子，两个句子中间必须有一个连词，根据两个句子之间的逻辑关系，在逗号和some之间加and，这就表示了两个句子之间的并列且递进的关系。4. 此句是主系表结构，表语应该用形容词，所以把terribly改为terrible，表示“可怕的”。5. 在as we all know这个非限定性定语从句中，as是从句中know的宾语，此处的it是重复使用错误，所以把it去掉。6. 此处it是主语，它的谓语应该是第三人称单数，背景时态是一般现在时，所以把do改为does。7. 句中his应该代替前面的students并和their保持一致，所以把his改为their。8. 此处语境要表达的是“国家的建设者”，而不是“来自于这个国家的建设者”，所以把from改为o