高考英语 使用被动语态应注意的问题.doc

使用被动语态应注意的问题 一、当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be/get+过去分词构成，时态通过be/get表现出来。例如：1）一般现在时：“is/am/are + 过去分词”构成 you are required to do this.2）一般过去时：“was/were + 过去分词”构成 the story was told by her.3）一般将来时：“will/shall be + 过去分词”构成 the problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：“is/am/are being + 过去分词”构成 the question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：“was/were being + 过去分词”构成 the new road was being made.6）现在完成时：“has/have been + 过去分词”构成 the novel has been read. 7）过去完成时：“had been + 过去分词”构成 he said that the work had been finished.8) 过去将来时：“would/should be + 过去分词”构成 he said that the trees would be planted soon.二、一些特殊的被动结构1）带情态动词的被动结构：“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”构成the problem must be solved soon.2）带不定式的被动结构：the homework needs to be done with care.their homework is said to have been finished. 3）短语动词的被动结构：例1）the baby is looked after carefully.用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待。这类结构有以下几种：（不及物）动词+介词：agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of等。（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, take up, think over, turn down, turn out, wipe out, work out等。 动词+副词+介词：do away with, face up to（勇敢面对）, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with等。例 2) attention must be paid to your pronunciation.用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire /light to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of等。例 2与例1的不同点在于，它们用于被动时态能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词+名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如：we always keep the classroom clean.(比较：the classroom is always kept clean.)但是，不带to的动词不定式要变成带to 的动词不定式。例如：i heard him go out just now. he was heard to go out just now. 这类动词有12个。它们是：二听、五看、一感觉，使役动词有三个，help可带,可不带（to) ，所以把它排在外。二听：hear, listen to 五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at 一感觉：feel 三个使役动词：have, let, make5）有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思。常见的和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook等。例如：the cloth washes well.这布很经洗。the new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。the pen writes well.这枝笔很好用。6）下列情况主动句不能改成被动句：谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。谓语是不可拆开的短语动词take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，动名词，抽象名词等。i bought myself a book yesterday.we often help each other with english.liu hulan died a glorious death.i want to be a good teacher.he finished reading the book.7）汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。例如：据说 it is said that 希望 it is hoped that 据推测说 it is supposed that 必须承认 it must be admitted that 必须指出 it must be pointed out that 众所周知 it is well known that 有人会说 it will be said that 大家认为 it is generally considered that 有人相信 it is believed that 注意：这种结构可改为“sb/sth + be + pp + 动词不定式” 。例如：it is said that tom has got the first place in the exam.=tom is said to have got the first place in the exam.it was reported that her mother died of sars.=her mother was reported to have died of sars.三、主动表示被动含义主动表示被动含义的句子的主语通常是表示物的词（指人的极少），而且这种物都具有某种内在的特点，能够促进动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现。这时的动词一般是不及物动词。例如：your speech reads well. the dinner is cooking. the cloth has worn thin. the door wont lock. the windows blew open. the food tastes sweet.比较： the girl does not photograph well.(强调女孩的特点，不上照。)the girl has not been photographed well.（与女孩本人无关，在于摄影师没有照好。）四、被动语态由“助动词be/get+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be/get必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。 专项训练:i.单项填空 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. the president _ a cool reception when he visited london. a. gave b. was given c. had given d. had been given2. a red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather. a. says b. is saying c. has said d. is said3. if you go there alone after dark you might get _. a. attacked and robbed b. attacking and robbing c. to attack and rob d. to be attacked and robbed4. what i wanted to know was when and where the meeting _. a. was holding b. had held c. was to hold d. was to be held5. new medicines and instruments _ every day to extend life. a. develop b. are being developed c. are developing d. have developed6. ill come after the meeting if time _. a. permits b. is permitting c. is permitted d. has permitted7. the students _ 50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery. a. give b. are given c. have given d. to give8. with the development of science， more new technology _ to the fields of it. a. has introduced b. is being introduced c. is introduced d. was introduced9.“how about the dishes， dear？” “the beef didnt taste very good. it _ too long.” a. cooked b. had been cooked c. was cooked d. had cooked10. he kept a little notebook， in which _ the names and addresses of his friends. a. wrote b. was writing c. was written d. were written 11. “look！ everything here is under construction.” “what is the small building that _for？” a. is being building b. has been built c. is built d. is being built12. hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. a. lose b. will be lost c. are lost d. will lose13. new medicines and instruments _ every day to extend life. a. develop b. are being developed c. are developing d. have developed 答案与解析1. 选b.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。2. 选d.此句也可说成 it is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.3. 选a，“get + 过去分词”表被动。4. 选d，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。5. 选b.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。6. 选a，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting.7. 选b.谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。8. 选b.技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。9. 选b.从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有 didnt taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。10. 选d. in which were written the names and addresses为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.11. 选d.因为 building 应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look， under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。12. 选b. jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。13. 选b.因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。 2013年高考题1.(2013北京)23shakespeares play hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. a. had been madeb. was made c. has been maded. would be made2.(2013北京)25- do you think mom and dad late?- no, swiss air is usually on time.a. wereb. will bec. would bed. have been3.(2013北京)28 hurry up! mark and carl us.a. expectb. are expectingc. have expectedd. will expect4.(2013北京)32- so what is the procedure?- all the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. a. interviewb. are interviewing c. are interviewedd. are being interviewed5.(2013全国大纲)27. we very early so we packed the night before.a. leave b. had left c. were leaving d. have left6.(2013福建)26.the girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.a. took b. is taking c. takes d. has been taking7.(2013安徽)24. im calling about the apartment you the other day. could you tell me more about it?a. advertised b. had advertised c. are advertising d. will advertise8.(2013湖南)22. “what do you want to be?” asked mrs. crawford. “oh, i _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.a. have beenb. amc. wasd. will be9.(2013湖南)24. around two oclock every night, sue will start talking in her dream. it somewhat _us. a. bothersb. had botheredc. would botherd. bothered10.(2013湖南)26. if nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. a. doesb. had been donec. will dod. is done11.(2013湖南)27. have you heard about the recent election? sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. a. would beb. isc. has beend. will be12.(2013湖南)34. i dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.imsosorry.buti myhomework.a.had doneb. was doingc. would dod. am doing13.(2013江苏)25. could i use your car tomorrow morning?sure. i a report at home.a. will be writing b. will have written c. have written d. have been writing14.(2013江苏)34. what about your self-drive trip yesterday?tiring! the road is being widened, and we a rough ride.a. had b. have c. would have d. have had15.(2013江西)35.i _ to visit you later that day, but i had to phone and cancel.a. comeb. camec. am comingd. was coming16.(2013辽宁)22. he was unhappy when he sold his guitar. after all, he _if for a very long time.a. has had.b. had hadc. has d. had17.(2013辽宁)30. we are confident that the environment _by our further efforts to reduce pollution.a. had been improvedb. will be improved c. is improvedd. was improved18.(2013山东)24. i didnt think id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. a. has been b. was c. had been d. would be 19.(2013山东)27. oh no! were too late. the train _. thats ok. well catch the next train to london. a. was leavingb. had left c. has left d. has been leaving20.(2013陕西)11. on monday mornings it usually me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. a. takes b. is taking c. took d. will take21.(2013陕西)17. jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. a. watched b. had watched c. was watching d. would be watching22.(2013四川)3. hurry up, kids! the school bus _ for us! a. waits b. was waiting c. waited d. is waiting23.(2013天津)13. the water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.a. had repaired b. have repaired c. repaired d. are repairing24.(2013新课标)24. if we now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.a. hadnt acted b. havent actedc. dont actd. wont act25.(2013新课标)27.when i first met bryan i didnt like him, but i my mind.a. have changedb. changec. had changedd. would change26.(2013重庆)21. 1 felt very tired when i got home. and i straight to bed.a. go b. went c. had gone d. have gone27.(2013重庆)33. a midsummer nights dream at the theatre royal on 19th june. and then tours throughout scotlanda. opens b.is opened c. will open d.will be opened28.(2013浙江)10. during the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.a was increasing b has increased c had increased d will be increasing答案：1-5cbbcc 6-10dadad 11-15cbaad 16-20bbbca 21-25cddca 26-28bab练习 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. he was made _ . a. go b. gone c. going d. to go 2. he was too excited _ . a. speak b. to speak c. not to speak d. speaking 3. coal can _ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. a. have used b. be used c. use d. used 4. you can see the house _ for years. a. isnt painted b. hasnt painted c. hasnt been painted d. hadnt painted 5. some new oilfields _ since 1976. a. were opened up b. has opened up c. have been opened up d. had been opened up 6. the article _ chinese by comrade li. a. is going to translate into b. is going to be translated into c. was going to be translated with d. will translate in 7. both my brothers work at the power station that _ in my home town. a. has set up b. has been set up c. was set up d. is set up 8. doctors _ in every part of the world. a. need b. are needing c. are needed d. will need 9. great changes _ in the city，and a lot of factories _. a. have been taken place; have been set up b. have taken place; have been set up c. have taken place; have set up d. were taken place; were set up 10. i promise that the matter will _ . a. be taken care b. be taken care of c. take care d. take care of 11. no permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. a. been given b. given c. to give d. be giving 12. that suit _ over 60 dollars last year. a. had costed b. costed c. is costed d.cost 13. i _ ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. a. gave b. was given c. was giving d. had given 14. -have you moved into the new house? -not yet. the rooms _ . a. are being painted b. are painting c. are painted d. are being painting 15. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. a. are not kept; will have to b.