高考英语高频词汇必背及训练2.doc

2015年高考高频词汇必背及训练系列21.suffer vt.& vi.suffer作及物动词，但无被动语态，宾语常是pain，loss，defeat，punishment，hardship等。而suffer from表示“遭受之苦，患某种疾病”。(1)vt.遭受，经历this area suffered a great loss in the earthquake.这一地区在地震中遭受重大损失。the democrats suffered a crushing defeat in the last election.民主党在上次选举中遭遇了惨败。he suffered great pain/no pain.他遭受了很大的痛苦/没遭受痛苦。(2)vi.受苦；患病(常与from连用，意思为“因而受苦，受之苦”)【拓展】suffering n痛苦；苦难，但指种种苦难、痛苦时常用复数。he died without any suffering.他死时没有任何痛苦。he told me all about his sufferings.他告诉我他所经历的种种苦难。(1)he would rather_death than let out the secret.asuffer bsuffer from cbe suffered dbe suffering(2)_such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river.ahaving suffered bsuffering cto suffer dsuffer2.pressure n压，按；压力；艰难the team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。the barriers gave way under the pressure of the crowd.拥挤的人群把路障推倒了。shes got a lot of pressure on her at work just now.她现在工作压力很大。考点提示：under the pressure of在的压力下come/go under pressure 在压力/强制下bring.under pressure 压制put/bring pressure on 给压力；强迫cause pressure 造成压力suffer pressure 承受压力life is tough in the city.in order to lose their _ some people drink alcohol.atemper bmood cconsciousness dpress完成句子(1)he had to leave the girl who he loved so deeply_(在的压力下)public opinion.(2)advertisements_(迫使)girls to be thin.3.reduce (1)vt.减少，降低(翻译较灵活)reduce expenses缩减开支reduce the price 降低价格reduce the pressure 减轻压力the plane reduced speed as it approached the airport.当飞临机场时，飞机减慢了速度。(2)vi.缩减到(to)；缩减了(by)we had to reduce the price from 5 dollars to 3 dollars.我们不得不把价格从5美元降到3美元。that is to say，we have to reduce the price by 2 dollars.那就是说我们不得不降价2美元。考点提示：表示“增加”的词有：increase，rise，go up表示“减少”的词有：decrease，reduce，go down，drop单项填空(1)she reduced her weight _ 5 kilograms.ato btowards cfor dby(2)the cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.yes.but im sure something will be done to _ air pollution.areduce bremove ccollect dwarn4.diet n饮食，节食作可数名词时，常指为了某种特定的目的，定质、定量的饮食。be on a diet在节食，在减肥she couldnt help eating delicious fish and meat，though she is on a diet.尽管她在减肥，但还是忍不住吃些鱼和肉。用food，diet填空(1)i can smell the delicious _ on the table.(2)a healthy_ can benefit you a lot.5.care v. 介意，关心，关注 照顾，照料 n. 担心，烦恼 u照料，护理 注意，小心同attention; caution完成句子注意不要把这婴儿吵醒了。_ that you dont wake the baby. 她在照料我的婴儿。she is _ my baby. 只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用。you can borrow my camera if you promise to_ it.用about, for填空einstein who cared little _ money never cared _ his salary.would you care _ some coffee?6.catch v抓住，接住 赶上，搭上(车、船等)反miss 理解，听懂同understand; follow 感染(疾病) 撞上，偶然发现 吸引，引起(注意等)完成句子/英译汉/单项选择老师捉住他考试舞弊。the teacher caught him _ in the exam.被动语态 he _.要是你耽误很多课，你会很难赶上的。if you miss a lot of lessons, its very difficultat rush hour we are often caught in traffic._the painting on the wall caught my eye._i didnt catch what you said._the owner scolded the girl caught _ flowers in his garden and let her off. a. picking b. to pick c. to have picked d. to be picking用catch up with或keep up with填空别跑了，我赶不上你了。dont run i cant _ you. 为了跟上那些优秀学生，我们得努力学习了。we have to work hard to _ those excellent students. 7.prefer vt.宁可，宁愿；更喜欢i prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑此事。would you prefer me to stay？你愿意我留下来吗？考点提示：prefer名词/代词 更喜欢prefer to/do 更愿意做(倾向具体的动作)prefer doing 更愿意做(倾向普遍的行为习惯)prefer sb to do 更愿意某人做prefer thatclause 更愿意(从句中常用虚拟语气，即“主语should do”，should可省略)prefer to do a rather than do b宁愿做a而不做bprefer(doing)a to(doing)b宁愿做a而不做b(1)on a cold day he prefers _ out to play football _ at home.agoing；rather stay bgoing；to stayingcto go；rather than staying dto go；rather than to stay(2)he prefers _ lectures to the students to _ to different boring conferences.ato give；be invited bgive；be invitedcgiving；be invited dgiving；being invited8.advertisement n广告(简写ad.)put an advertisement in the newspaper.在报纸上登广告。she scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper.她浏览了一下报纸的招聘/房地产广告。剑桥高阶考点提示：(1)advertise v登广告，作广告advertise sth 宣传某物，为某物作广告advertise for sth /sb 登广告征寻/招聘某物/人(2)advertiser n. 做广告的人(3)advertising n. 广告业用advertise的适当形式填空(1)they put _ in the newspapers to _ their new cars.(2)with the development of _，many _ find their way to prove their abilities.9.damage v. 损害，毁坏 n. 损害，损坏，损失完成句子这次地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。the earthquake _. 火灾造成房屋严重损毁。the fire _ the houses. 洪水使这个村子受到了严重破坏。the village _ the flood.10.danger n. 危险反safety用dangerous, in danger填空that dog is ill and _.that dog is _； it may bite.答案：1.(1)a(2)a2. d句意：城市生活很艰难，许多人为了缓解压力而喝啤酒。lose ones pressure 缓解压力；mood 情绪；consciousness 意识；temper 脾气。(1)under the pressure of(2)put pressure on3.(1)dreduce.by.“把减少了”；reduce.to“把减少到”。句意：她体重减了5公斤。(2)a句意：汽车在街上放出许多废气。是的，但是我相信一定会采取措施来降低污染的。reduce减少，降低；remove移开；collect收集；warn警告。4.(1)food(2)diet5.take caretaking care oftake good care of for; aboutfor6.cheating; was caught cheating in the examto catch up在交通高峰时间我们经常遇到堵车。 墙上的画吸引了我。我没听懂你说的话。a该题考查catch sb. doing sth.这一结构，其被动形式为sb. be caught doing sth.。该句中c