图表类作文解题指要.doc

图表类核心考点突破图表作文就是将数据、图表所包含的信息，转化为表意的说明文字。图表作文通常比较复杂，学生不仅要弄清提示，还要看懂所给的图表和数据。由于这类试题提示内容少，信息点分散，审题时一定要领会作者的出题意图，弄清主题再动笔。高考书面表达图表类的试题常常既要求我们描述或解释图表信息，又要求我们根据图表所提供的信息分析原因或发表议论，甚至对图表所反映的现象提出自己的看法，因此也是对考生思维能力的一种综合考查。高分秘笈一、命题特点和应试策略高考图表作文多以议论文和说明文为主。根据图表呈现方式的不同，图表作文又可分为柱状图、曲线图、数字表格和饼状图四类。其中，柱状图是指在人们日常生活中，事物的变化情况通常可以用宽度相等的柱状图形来表示，柱状图的高度差别用来说明事物的动态发展趋势，同时要注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息。柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形，要求学生通过柱状图中的数据和提示内容写一篇短文，属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写成议论文。曲线图常用来表示事物的变化趋势。常分为带时间参照和不带时间参照两种。曲线图的特点是信息集中，一目了然。数字表格是以表格形式将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来，即统计表。饼状图则是以圆内扇形的大小表示总体内部结构的变化。图表类作文常采用以下三个步骤：1开门见山，点明主题。点明图表所反映的主题或问卷、民意调查的结果；或点明你要展开阐述的话题。2呈现数据，分析原因。呈现调查所得数据、结果，阐明必要的理由或原因；或分析数据间的主要差异及趋势。要特别注意层次。3归纳总结或发表评论。此外，写作时还要注意：(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述；善于抓住总的规律、趋势，归纳增减率；过去特定的时间用过去时，经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时；(2)切忌写成“填表题”，“一对一直译”，“句式单一”，遗漏“间接要点”，应巧妙组合信息。、素材必备1常用词汇(1)点明图表所反映的主题的常用词汇：table表格 chart图表figure图形，数字 graph曲线图describe描述 tell告诉show表明 represent描绘，表现indicate指出，揭示(2)分析数据间的主要差异及趋势的常用词汇：表示上升或增加的：rise，increase，go up表示下降或减少的：decrease，fall，reduce，decline，drop，go down表示趋势的：sharply急剧地，quickly迅速地，rapidly快速地，dramatically戏剧般地，显著地，slowly缓慢地，gradually逐渐地表示对比或比较的：compared.to/with.，in contrast to，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，while，but，on the contrary，however，as.as，among，more than，less than等。2常用句式(1)开门见山，点明主题的常用句式：Last week，we made/did/carried out a survey on physical training among senior middle school students.上周，我们对高中生进行了关于体育锻炼的调查。The chart describes/tells/shows.图表显示The chart shows an up trend of meat prices.图表显示肉价呈上升趋势。As is shown in the chart，food price has been on the rise/decrease.如图表所示，食品价格一直在上升/下降。According to the figures given by the graph，Chinese farmers personal income rose steadily from 1980 to 2008.根据表中所给的数字，1980年至2008年中国农民的个人收入稳步增长。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rate in China in the past five years.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。We can see from the table that.我们可以从表格中看出We can see from the table above that the environment in the Yellow River Valley is getting worse and worse.从上面的表格中我们可以看出黄河流域的环境正变得越来越糟。The graph provides some interesting data regarding.该曲线图为我们提供了有关的有趣数据。The graph provides some interesting data regarding the reasons why more and more people choose to live in big cities.该曲线图为我们提供了有关为什么越来越多的人们选择住在大城市的有趣数据。It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram that.从表格/图表中我们可以很清楚/明显地看到It is clear from the chart that people can afford to live and eat better day by day as their income increases.从这个图表中不难看出随着收入一天天的增加，人们已有经济实力使吃住变得更好。(2)呈现数据，分析原因的常用句型：It is obvious from the graph/chart that.rank the first/highest，while.turn out to be the lowest.图中清楚显示是排在第一位/最高的，而结果最低。It is obvious from the chart that housing expenses rank the first，while the clothing cost turns out to be the lowest.图表中清楚显示住房消费排在第一位，而服装消费所占比例最低。A，which accounts for.%，rank the first；next in line is B with.%，followed by C，making up.%；finally D，at.%.A排在第一，占%，紧接着是B，占%，跟着是C，占%，最后是D，占%。Housing expenses，which account for 40%，rank the first；next in line is food cost with 28%，followed by medical bills and school fees，making up 20%；finally is clothing，at 7%.住房消费排在第一，占40%，紧接着是饮食消费，占28%，跟着是医疗和教育费用，占20%，最后是服装占7%。Food price has increased by 19%。食品价格增长了19%。Private cars have doubled in the past five years.私家车在过去五年里翻了一番。11 million in 1999 to more than 140 million in 2009.私家车的数量由1999年的1 100万辆急剧地上升到2009年的一亿四千多万辆。The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows.这一数据我们可以做如下的解读The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that teenagers mainly use the computer for entertainment.这一数据可以让我们得出如下的结论，即：青少年使用电脑，主要是为了娱乐。There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon.有两个原因可以解释这一现象。A number of factors could account for(contribute to/lead to/result in)the change(success/increase)许多因素可以说明(导致/引起)这个变化(成功/增长)。The main reason for such change is the application of technology in farming.这一变化的主要原因是科技在农业中的应用。(3)归纳总结或发表评论的常用句型：In a word，practice is far more important than book knowledge.一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。Personally/In my opinion/As far as Im concerned/From my point of view.依我之见Personally，I would like a very cute，friendly robot beside me.我自己倒是非常喜欢身边有一个可爱的、友善的机器人。We can draw the conclusion that.我们可以得出这样的结论From the analysis of features of the newspaper，we can draw a conclusion that newspaper is irreplaceable in a long period.从报纸的特点进行分析后可以看出，在很长一段时间之内报纸都具有不可代替性。3黄金模板As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture，_has been on the rise/decrease significantly/dramatically. From the sharp/marked rise/decline in the chart，it goes without saying that_.There are at least several good reasons accounting for_. For one thing, _.For another thing, _is due to the fact that_. In addition，_ is responsible for _. Maybe