英语发音规则_字母组发音.doc

Phonics 基础知识：元音字母: a e i/y o u 元音字组: ar er ir or ur；are ere ire ore ure；ai/ay air al au/aw ；ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew；ieoa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow ourui前元音i:ie中:后u:u:a:开合双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu 辅音字母: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w- x y- z 辅音字组: ch -ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- kn- -mn -ng ph qu- sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr-清ppttkk/cff/phssthshtchtrtrtstshhm/n/ 鼻音m/n/ng浊bbddggvvzsthshddgedrdrdzdslr 舌则音l/r分类爆破音摩擦音破擦音wj 半元音w/ja:/ ei / /i o:/ u / u u:/ ju:/ u: / /u / ju(:)name bagchina, orange closenotsecond, zero duty, june cup, pull suppose, Januarye:/ i:/ e /i i:/ ai i iai these,zeroeggeleven bikefishholiday, exercise字母/字母组合发音： i: 字母组合 e ea ee ie-beef tea he piece i 字母组合 e i y ey ay-eleven pig happy monkey Sunday 字母组合er ir or ur ear - certainly girl word turn learn 字母组合 a e o ar er or ur ear ure ou- dollar，teacher，doctor，murmur，Saturday ，bear，delicious， figure 发音字母 o u ou oo-up lunch come trouble blood a: 字母组合 a ar au ear-car farm laugh heart 字母组合 a al ar au aw or our - water small warm caught draw short four 发音字母 o a-hot lost wash watch u: 字母组合 o u oo ew -food goose shoe do true blewju:/ ju:i字母组合 ui -suit suicide u 字母组合 oo ou u o-look foot should put woman ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey-name play say break rain they greye 发音字母 e ea -egg bell bread headai 发音字母 i y-bike fine my fly eyeau 字母组合 ou ow-house account flower how town发音字母 o ow oa-home go know low boat goali字母组合 ea eer ear ere-beer near here idea here meree字母组合ear air ere eir-pear chair there care theiru字母组合our ower ure-hour tour sure ju 字母组合ure - pure cure 重读区分重音里的主重音和次重音所谓主重音，就是我们平常所说的重读音节，可在其左上方标上重音符号来表示。而次重音呢，发音时呼出的气流比主重音稍弱一点，但比非重读音节强得多，我们常在此音节的左下方标.来表示。一般来说，从重读音节算起的倒数的第三个音节处就是次重音。 如：.application, .information, .understand等。太多了，不知你有兴趣看完吗？单音节词几乎都按重读音节对待。 双音节重读规则：双音节名词以上是第一个音节重读；双音节动词有以上是第二个音节重读； 多音节重读规则：三个或三个以上音节的单词中有比较大的一部分是倒数第三个音节重读； 能辨清词头、词干和词尾的，一般都是词干重读； 含有，等字母组合的，肯定是该字母组合前紧挨着那个的音节重读。(1)开，闭音节 开音节：辅音+元音+辅音+e eg.Name 或者辅音+元音 he （绝对开音）;闭音节：辅音+元音+辅音 bad，元音+辅音it 【以辅音结尾】(2) 音节划分 音节：元音/元音组，辅音/辅音组A）元音+辅音A+辅音B+元音 =元音+辅音A；辅音B+元音 （1）A same B ：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren daugh-ter 重音在前 （2）A no same B：sis-ter, sil-ver,mar-ket 下列字母组合不允许分：（1） th, sh, ch, ck, tch：fa-ther，cash-ier，ma-chine，pock-et（2） 各种辅音连缀：cr, pr, bl, fl等。A-pril，se-cret，a-pron，sa-cred，B）元音a+辅音+元音b =元音a(短音)+辅音；辅音+元音b（短音） 长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-erC）多音节划分 （1）多音节词通常重读倒数第三个音节；accident，Africa，biology （2）（前缀）+双音节词+（后缀），重音在原字根：exchange，unfriendly，dangerous。 （3）多音节复合名词通常重读第一个音节：basketball，interview （4）词尾有-tion, -sion或-ian的多音节词，其重音一般在-tion, -sion或-ian前面的一个音节上。application，decision双元音单词 一般一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音，后边一个元音不发音。Eg：make，fee，sea，road，toe，cute等等以下情况元音发长音：1） 一个单词以字母e结尾，元音+辅音+e；note，athlete，nine2） 以两个元音形成复合元音组合时，第一个发音，第二个不发音，eg：ai，ay，ea，ee；ie，oa，oe，ue，ui。=sail，day；meal，need；tie，lie；load，coat，toe；glue，suit，fruit等等3） 元音在单词或重读音节的结尾：he，paper，fiber，human；Y在单词的结尾时被当作元音来使用，why，cry4） 单词只有一个音节时，y=i的长音发音相同：by，cry，my，try；单词有两个音节时，y=E的长音发音相同：baby，puppy，city；两三个辅音在一起1） Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)2） Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)3） Words ending in ll, ss, ff4） Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr)5） 三字母组合：shr，spl，spr，squ，str，thrshr-shrinkrk, shredred；spl-splashspl, split；spr-spreadspred, spring；squ-squareskwe, squad；str-stringstr, strip；thr-throw r, three, throne。一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中einame plane Jane baby cake have:hv在闭音节中 /bag dad hat map black backe在开音节中i：或hethese meChinese zero serious在闭音节中ebed let pen desk yesegg seti在开音节中aibike flydrive time nice kite private在闭音节中ifish big drink sit milk swimo在开音节中u/Othose close gohoe home no close在闭音节中clock not box shop socku在开音节中ju:，U:student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中/，Ubus cup jump much lunch, pull在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词aChinaanother woman breakfastiorange comrade village cabbageehundred student open weekendichicken pocket begin children enemy eleveniiholiday beautiful family animalaiexercise satelliteosecond tonight somebody welcomeualsozerophotouautumn difficult upon supposeju(:)popular congratulation January 在词尾的-ute，-ude中u读ju:，例如：institute attitude动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读ei音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读u(:)音，例如：July influence February issue instrument在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e io u即可以读作 音，也可以读作i音。三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音例 词Wh+a+ ；W+a/ ：what watch wash quality want a在-f -lf -lm -n -sk -ph -sp -ss -st th a +m/n+辅音+e: after calm plant graph ask grasp glass fast father half Advance，franceo在-st -ld前u/omost postcard old coldo在m n v th前come monkey love mother1） i+辅音字母+le 双音节2） i+nd/ ld/ gh/gn3） -ile/-ite/-ise/-ize/-wiseai1） title，bible，rifle2） find, child, light, high 特殊：wind，children3） crocodile, appetite, advertise, realize, otherwise-iquei:kAntique ntik , technique tekni:k1） o+辅音（只有1个，r除外）+ -ia，-ial，-ian，-iate，-io，ion，-ious，-ium 等2） 双音节词：结尾-a，-al，-an，-ar，-en，-ive，-o，-on，-or，-our，-um，-us，-y时3） -old，-oll，-ost4） 词末的o 或o+辅+eu/o1） associate，devotion，Mongolia，2） broken，local，open，stolen，lotus3） almost cold soldier post4） also piano tobaccotelephone envelope在move、prove及其派生词U:move approve improvement四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音+r元音字组读 音例 词arar在w音后面:car farm dark sharpener:warm quarter towardsoror在w音后面:forty morning short:word worker worseer ir ur :/ certainly bird Thursday teacher murmurmm辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry berry mirror sorry hurry -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音，例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词areecare dare hareerei/ ehere mere where thereireaifire hire wire oremore score beforeureju/ u/ pure cure /sure /figure,injure完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读音，例如：picture pleasure非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发r音，例如：salary slri重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读r音。例如：parent zero inspiring story during某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ai/ayeiafraid rain wait day playair eir eair hair chair pair their alal在f m前: small ball talk wall all:l always also salt almost:half calmau/aw:autumn daughter draw-angeeichangeten(d) strangestren(d)-atecalculateklkjlet;hesitate踌躇heztet例外：separate sep()rt , climateklamt气候；风气；思潮；风土eai:teach easy cheap pleaseeheavy bread sweater weathereibreak great iTheatre idea realear特例：heart：a:ihear dear near clear yearbear pear wear swear:earth learn earlyeei:jeep week green threeeeripioneer deer beerei/eyeieight neighbour theyi:either keyeu/ew在j l r s后ju:new few newspaperu:flew brew jewelry ie/eis音之后i:piece field receiveoaucoat Joan boat goaloar/oor:roar board door flooroi/oyinoise point boy toiletoou:broom food tooth schoolubook look cook foot goodou/owauflower house count downouknow row throw thoughyoung country enoughu:group you soupour:course your fourauour hour ours:journeyui在j l r s后-ju:Suit ju:ifluid suicide tuitionu:juice fruit suit 例外 suite swi:t 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读 音例 词ai/ay ei/eyiSunday foreign monkeyowuyellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读音或i音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion -tionnimpression nation元音字母+ -sion nvision decision occasionS+ -tiontnquestion suggestion-sten snlisten christen 【t不发音】-stleslwhistle jostle castle-surepressure元音字母+ -surepleasure measure-turepicture culture八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如：everydayei ，handbag，blackboard:有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳 + dayei日子 Sundayi 星期天holy神圣 + dayei日子 holidayi 假日break中断 + fast:斋戒 breakfast/ i 早餐cup茶杯 + board木板: cupboard/ i 碗柜 main主要部分 + land陆地 mainland 大陆九、辅音字组的读音辅字组读 音例 词bbbike bus bag/bomb tomb lamb climbC+a/o/u 重音c+e/i/y 轻音kcake picture coat music cupsface decide cinema cycle cyberchmuch chick rich teacherkschool headache chemistrymachine Chicago-ckkcock pocket black knockdddoctor bread hand day -dgebridge fridgedr-drchildren driver drink-dsdz Goods,hoodsfffive four breakfastg+a/o/u 重音g+e i/y轻音 bag gardon go guideorange large German Egypt giraffe长颈鹿 badge特例give girl forgetghfcough enough rough/light daughter high eightgu- -gueguess league dialogue guitarwlanguage anguish penguinhhhot head house hand/hour honest honorjjeep jar joke join Julykkkind bike skate make weekkn-nknife know knocklllife milk school tallmmmonkey come tomato-mnmautumn column solemnnn在k g音前nnot shine ten note uncle thank hungry-ngmorning young wrongpppaper plane pig ship penphfelephant photo telephoneqkIraqqu-kwquality quite quarter rrred rubber rulerS在音节开头或+清辅音前S在元音字母间或+浊辅音前ssit sleep deskzmusic husbandsc-skscarlet scout Scotlandsmuscle scienceshshe fish shirt washt在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前tten letter meetpatient nationtchwatch catch matchth在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中thin thirty methodthe these with thanclothe father weathertr-trtree train country truckvvvery voice love leavewwweek win wake sweet wait/answer twowh-wh-在字母o前wwhat when white whyhwho whose wholeX 在中间或结尾X 在中间ksbox text exercisegzexample exist exactwr-rwrite wrong wrist y-jyes yard yellow youngzzpuzzle zero zoo不发音的辅音字母（Silent Consonants）字母组合不发音字母例词ghhghost,ghetto, ghastlygnggnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome,signknkknife, knit, know, knock, kneembbcomb,lamb, thumb, dumb, climbpnppneumoniapsppsalm, psychic, psychologyrhhrhinoceros, rhyme, rhythmsccscissors, scent, scene, scenery, scenariowrwwrong, wrist, wrap, wretch, wrenchghghlight, high, eight, sigh, night十：连读规则辅音+元音Take it easy，tei-ki-tizi；Fill in the form fi-1inNot at all no-tae-to： ；辅音+辅音She went to school元音+元音see it；自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty