中考英语 题型经典解法及模拟演练系列 完形填空说明文（含精析）.doc

中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之完形填空说明文(二) 明确说明对象关注说明文 一、命题特点 常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍, 产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。这类文章主要有以下几个特点: 1. 内容的客观性说明文客观地说明、介绍、解释或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象, 使读者获取一定的信息或知识, 语言直白, 没有主观的评论或情感的抒发。2. 篇章的条理性说明文层次分明, 脉络清晰, 有条有理。有的按空间顺序进行说明, 有的按时间顺序进行说明, 有的按因果关系进行说明, 有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明, 有的先概述后举例, 有的先举例后概述, 也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开(如: 解析为什么、如何做等方面的问题)等。 3. 语言的朴实性说明文的目的是让读者获取信息, 明白事理, 因此, 文章的作者会用朴实、易懂和准确的语言或使用数据进行说明。 二、解题技巧1. 根据上下文的词语暗示来选择。找到上下文的相关信息, 特别是有暗示性的词语, 就容易找到正确的选项了。2. 根据上下文的行文逻辑来选择。 短文是由有一定逻辑关系的句子组成的, 任何一句话都不是孤立存在的, 而是要靠上下文作依托, 相互之间存在一定的联系。只要我们把握好了空格前后的行文逻辑, 再活用所学语言知识, 就能选出正确答案。 3. 根据文化背景和生活常识来选择。有时, 先前所积累的文化背景知识和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题。4. 紧扣上下文, 巧用排除法。有时, 做题很难从正面确定答案, 尤其是答案碰巧是一个你不认识的单词, 而其他三个选项你都认识的时候, 紧扣上下文, 巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜。 例题分析 (2014黄冈中考)many books have been written about“the art of giving”. and we also know that its hard to give people a gift, 46 a personal one. if we want to make it better, we should understand who you will give the gift to and their likes and 47 . as is often the case, some little kids think they dont get enough gifts 48 some old people think they get too many gifts. different people like different kinds of gifts. some presents are never too 49 . for example, when a little child just gives his or her mother a leaf from a tree, it is enough to make her very 50 . gift giving is different in different 51 . here are some of their likes. in japan, people sometimes give special gifts. but they are not opened. later, the same gift may be given away to someone 52 , because many people have enough things and dont want 53 gifts themselves. in canada, a tree can help remember 54 . in the usa, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts. in sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. people dont need to 55 much money. instead, making a meal for him or her is enough. to make things 56 , some people would rather just give money. in some cultures, however, 57 money can make people uncomfortable. “when someone gives me money, it just makes me think theyre being lazy, ”says john wilson. “in england, we have a saying: its the thought that 58 . when someone gives me money, i feel they dont think it about at all. i prefer to receive a gift 59 has some thought behind it. ”different people have very different thoughts 60 this subject! so maybe the art of giving is difficult! what do you think? 46. a. specially b. especially c. commonly d. usually47. a. display b. disadvantagesc. disagreements d. dislikes48.a. while b. when c. as d. if49. a. same b. similar c. small d. huge50. a. lonely b. happy c. sad d. angry51. a. cities b. towns c. provinces d. countries52. a. else b. other c. another d. elses53. a. too much b. much tooc. too many d. many too54. a. a child b. a person c. a guide d. a chef55. a. spend b. take c. cost d. make56. a. more difficult b.easy c. difficult d. easier57. a. using b. giving c. receiving d. fetching58. a. counts b. discovers c. finds d. invents59. a. who b. what c. where d. that60. a. to b. on c. up d. in【通读全文，明确大意】 如何给别人送礼物也许是许多人头疼的事情, 在不同的国家, 礼物赠送也不相同。本文向我们介绍了送别人礼物的技巧。 【透彻理解，选定答案】46. b。考查副词用法。联系上文可知给人送礼物是门学问, 可判断本句句意是: 我们也知道很难给别人送礼物, 特别是为个人买礼物。specially专门地; especially特别地, 尤其; commonly通常; usually通常地。故选b。 47. d。考查名词。从空格前的their likes可以推断, 送礼物要依据他们的喜欢和不喜欢。句意: 我们应该了解你要把礼物送给谁, 以及他们的喜好和厌恶。故选d。 48. a。考查连词。根据句意“小孩认为他们得到的礼物不够多, 然而一些老人认为孩子们得到的礼物太多了”可推断前后是小孩与老人认识上的对比, 因此用while“然而”。故选a。49. c。考查形容词。联系下文的a leaf from a tree可以推断: 礼物再小也不为过。故选c。 50. b。考查形容词。结合上句可知: 礼物再小也是一番心意, 可以推断: 孩子只是从树上摘片叶子送给妈妈, 也足以让妈妈非常开心。故选b。 51. d。考查名词。结合下文的“in japan, in canada”等可以推断, 赠送礼物因国家不同而不同。故选d。 52. a。考查形容词。结合句意: 他们不把礼物打开的目的是以后可以把礼物送给别人。形容词else意思是“别的, 其他的”, 用在所修饰的不定代词someone的后面。other表示“别的, 其他的”要用在所修饰的名词前。故选a。 53. c。考查固定短语。可数名词复数gifts要用too many修饰。其他选项中, too much修饰不可数名词, much too修饰形容词或者副词。所以选c。 54. b。考查名词。联系上文可知: 树是作为一份礼物代表一个人的心意送的, 可推断本句意思是: 在加拿大, 一棵树可以帮助记住一个人。故选b。 55. a。考查动词。主语是人, 因此表达“花费”用spend。 56. d。考查形容词比较级。联系下文“just give money”可知: 有的人为了让事情更简单化, 使用钱作为礼物。故用easy的比较级easier。 57. c。考查动词。根据句意: 然而, 接受别人的钱有时会让人不舒服。动词receive“接受, 收到”。 58. a。考查固定谚语。谚语“its the thought that counts”意思是“(比起礼物来)想法/心意/情义更重要”。 59. d。考查定语从句引导词。先行词gift是物, 后面的定语从句引导词用that或which, 而who引导的定语从句修饰人。 60. b。考查介词。介词on在这里的意思是“关于”。句意: 关于这个话题不同的人有不同的想法。 模拟演练一many people think that americans 1 their cars almost more than anything else. when 2_ people are fourteen years old, they want to have their _3_ cars. they dont ask for a car from their 4_. so many of them work in _5_ time during their last year of high school to buy a car. learning to 6 _ and getting a drivers license may be one of the most exciting things in a young persons life.5some people almost 7 _ go to a doctor when they are ill. but they will _8_ their cars to a garage as soon as they think there is a 9 . on saturdays or sundays some people may 10 most of their time washing and repairing their cars.1. a. prefer b. love c. drive d. play2. a. little b. big c. old d. young3. a. new b. own c. expensive d. cheap4. a, friends b. teachers c. parents d. brothers5. a. free b. busy c. study d. good6. a. make b. mend c. wash d. drive7. a. always b. never c. often d. usually8. a. take b. carry c. pull d. lift9. a. question b. wrong c. mistake d. problem10. a. cost b. get c. spend d. use解析1. b。通过下文的事例不难看出美国人对汽车不是一般的喜欢，故用love it，较贴近文章的意思。2. d。按常识，十四五岁的人应称为年轻人，故应说young。3. b。根据下文他们不想通过索要来获取别人的小轿车，而是想拥有自己的小汽车，故选own。4. c。如果说想要索要小汽车的话，那只有先从父母亲那儿开始了，故应选parents。5. a。十四五岁的年轻人大多在上学，所以工作占用的应是上学期间的空隙，故应选free。6. d。要想获得驾照得先学开车，故应选drive。7. b。与下文“车子一有问题就去修理”相对应，有些人病了却从不看医生，故应选never。8. a。carry应为“搬运”，push 为“推”，lift 意思为“举，提起”都不合文意，take sth. to 某地，意为“把带到”。21 9. d。只能选择一个名词, 表示汽车的“故障,毛病”, 故选problem。10. c。spend some time doing sth.为一个固定搭配，意为“花时间干某事”。模拟演练二what is a museum? a museum is a good place to keep (1)_ and beautiful things. a museum may be a place to learn about science. a museum can be a place (2)_ art of indians or animals. what is inside a museum? some museums (3)_ old cars and airplanes. (4)_museums have pictures and statues (雕像). others have rocks and old bones. one museum even has (5)_ coal mine inside! many cities have museums. some very small (6)_ have museums , (7)_. indianapolis has a (8)_ museum. children do not have to pay to get in. children go to the museum often. they like (9)_ at the dinosaur bones. they see a white bear ten feet tall. they go inside an old log cabin (小木屋). on saturday, indianapolis children can (10)_ talks about animals and trees. they see movies.( )1. a. new b. old c. good d. important( )2. a. for b. in c. about d. on( )3. a. has b. have c. there is d. there are( )4. a. a bit b. a little c. much d. many( )5.a. the b. an c. a d. on( )6. a. homes b. towns c. villages d. countries( )7. a. too b. also c. either d. neither( )8. a. childs b. child c. childrens d. children( )9. a. see b. to see c. look d. to look( )10.a. listen b. to listen c. hear d. to hear解析 1.b. 博物馆中收藏的大都是一些古老的东西。2.c. for的意思是“对于”，in则表示“在里”，on的意思是“在上面”，about表示“关于”。博物馆中的东西大都是有关艺术方面的，所以这里用about最佳。3.b. there be 句式表示“某地或某时存在某人或某物”。have则表示“某人拥有某物或某人”，也可表示“某物拥有某物”。根据这一用法这里用have最佳。4.d. a bit修饰名词时，应加上介词of，a little和much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数。 这里的museums是可数名词复数，因此应用many修饰。5.c. 这里并不是特指，因此不用 the ，an 用于元音开头的词语前，所以这里用a最佳。6.b. 根据所给词语的词义home(家)，town(城镇)，village(村庄)，country(国家，村庄)可知用town最佳。7.a. 在肯定句的句尾表示“也”应用too。8.c. 根据下句children do not have to pay to get in.可知这里有专门为孩子们开放的博物馆。9.d. 这是两个短语, like to do (喜欢做)，look at (看)。由此可知答案。10.c. 情态动词后应该加动词原形，listen带宾语时应加介词to，hear是“听见”的意思。这里用hear即可。模拟演练三all (1)_ need air. we (2)_ in air from outside our bodies in every breath. when you put your face under water you can not keep it there (3)_.a good swimmer may swim his face in the water. if so, he keeps (4)_ his head to take a breath (5)_ his mouth. he doesnt take in air through his nose under the water because water would get (6)_ through his nose with the air and go to his lungs. with water in his lungs a man cant go on (7)_.we have two lungs. the air we take in goes right into every part of the lungs through these branching pipes (气管). they take it to the blood, which is moving (8)_ the time through the lungs and round to every part of our bodies. the blood moves (9)_ the body to the lungs (10)_ a very short time.( )1. a. men b. man c. women d. woman( )2. a. get b. have c. take d. make( )3. a. tall b. long c. big d. small( )4. a. turning b. turns c. turned d. to turn( )5. a. across b. through c. without d. in( )6. a. in b. out c. of d. off( )7. a. living b. live c. lives d. to live( )8. a. whole b. all c. same d. through( )9. a. on b. in c. round d. into( )10.a. in b. at c. on d. with解析：1.a. 这里用men表示“人”的意思。这种用法很常见。2.c. take in 的意思是“吸入，呼入”，get in 表示“收获”，其他两个词则没有这种搭配。因此此处用take最佳。3.b. 我们任何人都不能在水下呆很长时间的。4.a. keep doing 的意思是“持续做”。5.b. 在水下，游泳者一般通过嘴进行呼吸的。6.a. 如果在水下用鼻子进行呼吸，水就会被呼入肺部。这里用get in表示这一含义。get out 的意思是“出来”，get off的意思“从下来”。7.a. go on dong的意思是“继续做”，所做的动作是原动作；go on to do 的意思是“继续去做”，所做的动作是另一动作。根据上下文的意思，这里用living最佳。8.b. all the time的意思是“总是，一直”。9.c. 根据所给词语的意思可知用round 最佳。因为血液是周身流动的。10.a. 介词in在这里的意思是“在时间之内”，血液很快就会传遍全身的。模拟模拟演练四there are many kinds of pollution around us, 1 air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. they are bad 2 our health in many ways. burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. it can cause sore eyes and 3 problems. with the increase of pollution and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. it makes our environment dirty. people put lots of rubbish in the land. farmers use too many 4 in the fields. they destroy the soil. so soil pollution has become serious. noise pollution can make people 5 . for example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a 6 place for a long time. too much noise can cause high blood pressure 7 . working for a long time in strong, changeable light 8 cause some kinds of illnesses. it makes people feel 9 and is especially bad for the eyes. with 10 pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. lets be greener people. 1. a. such as b. for example c. such like d. as well as 2 .a. to b. in c. for d. at 3. a. breaths b. breathe c. breathed d. breathing 4. a. chemical b. chemicals c. chemistry d. chemistries 5. a. blind b. lame c. black d. deaf 6. a. noise b. noisy c. noisily d. noises 7. a. as well b. too c. either d. also 8. a. must b. should c. may d. need 9. a. terrible b. comfortable c. terribly d. comfortably 10. a. little b. a little c. less d. fewer 解析：1. a 根据后面的并列成份“air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution”可推断在举例，故选a。2. c 固定短语。be bad for . 是固定短语，故选c。3. d 词形辨析。breath 名词，意思是“呼吸”；breathe 动词，意思是“呼吸”；breathe是动词breathed的过去式或过去分词；breathing是breathe动词的现在分词或者动名词。由名词problems可推断应用动名词来修饰它，故选d.4. b chemical形容词“化学的”，或作名词“化学制品;化学药品”；chemist名词，“化学家”；chemistry名词，“化学”。由many+可数名词复数可推断应选b项。5. d 根据句子“people may lose their hearing if.”可以推断应该是“噪音问题可能使人们聋了。”故选c。6. b 根据前后句意可推断应该是“一个噪音的地方”；noise名词，意思是“噪音”，noisy形容词“噪音的”，故选b。7. a 四个选项的意思都是“也”。as well只能放在句末；too放在肯定句句末且前面要有逗号隔开；also放在句中或句末；either放在否定句句末且前面有逗号隔开。故选a。8. c 情态动词的用法。must意为“必须”（主观意志）；need意为“需要”；should意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）；may意为“可能，可以”；根据句意可推断出c项。9. a 由系动词feel可知后跟形容词，构成系表结果；再根据句子“is especially bad for the eyes.”可推断应选a项。10. c 根据句子“our planet will become greener and our health will be better. ”可知“更少的污染”；由pollution是不可数名词可推断选c项。模拟演练五the united states covers a large part of the north (1)_ continent(洲), when this land first became a nation. after (2)_ its freedom from england, it has thirteen states. each of these states has a star on the american flag. as the nation (3)_, new stars were formed and there (4)_ new stars on the flag. (5)_ a long time, there were forty-eight states. in 1959 two (6)_ stars were added to the flag, standing for the new states of alaska and hawaii.1 (7)_ were the first people of the land and great number of people came from england. it is for that reason that the (8)_ of the u.s. is english and (9)_ its culture and customs are more (10)_ those of england than any other country in the world.( )1. a. america b. americas c. american d. americans( )2. a. win b. won c. winning d. have won( )3. a. grew b. grows c. growing d. have grown( )4. a. are b. were c. have been d. had been( )5. a. in b. from c. for d. through( )6. a. another b. many c. other d. more( )7. a. india b. indian c. indien d. indians( )8. a. life b. language c. people d. country( )9. a. that b. why c. many d. all( )10.a. as b. like c. same d. the same解析：1.c. 美国占了北美洲的一大部分，北美洲的说法是north american continent。2.c. 介词后应该加名词，代词或动名词做宾语，这里使用动名词winning做介词after的宾语。3.a. 这里用一般过去时态即可，这根据下句new stars were formed可知答案。4.b. 这是there be结构的一般过去时态。5.c. for加上时间段表示时间延续，而in加时间段多表示“在将来某段时间之后”，from的意思是“从”，through则表示“通过”。6.d. more用于数字之后表示“又有多少个”的意思。7.d. 印第安人是美国的最早的居民。8.b. 由于很多美国人的祖籍是英国，所以英语就成了美国的主要语言了。9.a. 根据前面it is for that reason that the language of the u.s. is english可知这里也应该用that才对，这是前后对应的。10.b. 美国的文化习惯与英国的文化习惯是很相似的。as 的意思是“作为”，like 的意思是“像一样”，same的意思是“相同的”。因此这里用like最佳。模拟演练六when you speak, write a letter, make a telephone call, your words carry a message. people communicate (交流) with words.do you think you can communicate (1)_ words? a smile on your face shows you are (2)_. tears in your eyes tell others you are (3)_. when you (4)_ your hands in class, the teacher knows you want (5)_ something or ask questions. you (6)_ your head from side to side, and people know you are saying (7)_.other thing can also carry messages. for example, a sign at (8)_ helps you to know which bus it is. a sign on the wall of your school helps you (9)_ the library. signs on the doors tell you (10)_ to go in or out. (11)_ you ever noticed that there are lots of signs (12)_ you and that you receive messages (13)_ them all the time?books, newspapers, tv, radios and (14)_ all help us to communicate with other people. they all help us (15)_ what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.( )1. a. in b. by c. with d. without( )2. a. worried and frightened b. tired and angry c. happy and friendly d. sorry and sad( )3. a. helpful b. sad c. pleased d. glad( )4. a. put on b. put out c. put up d. put down( )5. a. to play b. to buy c. to sell d. to say( )6. a. move b. put c. go d. give( )7. a. well b. no c. good d. bad( )8. a. the post office b. the police station c. the bus stop d. the bookshop4( )9. a. read b. find c. watch d. walk( )10.a. which b. where c. why d. what( )11.a. do b. did c. are d. have( )12.a. around b. under c. over d. by( )13.a. from b. for c. of d. about( )14.a. men b. teachers c. fridges d. films( )15.a. learn b. know c. find d. hear解析： 1.d. 下文介绍的都是没有语言的交流方式，所以用介词without 即可。2.c. 面带微笑就表示一个人很高兴。3.b. 眼含泪花一定是一种悲伤的心情，helpful (有帮助的)，sad(悲伤的)，pleased (满意的)，glad (高兴的)。04.c. 在课堂上，学生举手就表明