中考英语 题型经典解法及模拟演练系列 完形填空记叙文（含精析）.doc

中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之完形填空记叙文（1） 选材注重原汁原味，体现新课标“关注学生情感，提高学生素质”是理念。（2） 体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。一、【命题特点】选材原则命题原则（1） 注重在语境中综合考察考生对词义的理解、搭配与辨析。（2） 考察综合语境进行分析判断的能力。考察原则（1） 设空以实词为主，虚词为辅。（2） 主要考察动词、名次、形容词和副词。设题原则利用同义、反义等已经出现的词汇，考察考生在具体语境中对词汇的应用。词汇复现利用正向推断法、逆向推断法推断空格处未知信息。语境推断利用因果关系、并列关系、对比关系和转折关系等推断正确答案。命题角度逻辑推理利用固定短语、固定句式等考察考生的语言基础能力。固定搭配利用语法知识考察考生对词性变化、时态、语态等的应用能力。语法知识利用特设语境，考察考生对生活常识的应用和判断能力。生活常识【技巧点拨】 1. 答题“四法”(1)关注首尾抓主旨解答完形填空的关键在于掌握并理解短文大意。有时根据文章的首尾句就能抓住主题, 因为它是一个重要的“窗口”。通过它, 可以大致了解全文的概貌和作者的立意。它往往提供了全文的中心信息, 考生应该充分利用此句的标志作用, 并将它作为一个解题的突破口, 据此展开思维。 (2)瞻前顾后寻逻辑文章都是前后连贯、符合逻辑地按一定的脉络向前发展延伸, 因此每道题在文章中都能找到信息依据。在解题过程中必须把握文章的发展趋势, 揣摩文章字里行间的意义, 选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项。 (3)左顾右盼找搭配一些固定句型和短语搭配是完形填空的常考点。做题时应注意所填内容与空格前后词语的习惯搭配。尤其审查空白处前后的名词、动词、介词或非谓语动词等与各选项之间的搭配关系。(4)分析语境辨词义 词义辨析主要有四种形式: a. 同义词或近义词辨析; b. 形近词辨析; c. 常用词汇辨析; d. 转换词语辨析。不管何种形式的辨析都需要考生在具体语言环境中进行把握。尤其注意上下文逻辑关系的理解, 如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系等。 2. 解题“六招”(1)善用语境推断语境推断是完形填空命题的最主要角度。脱离上下文语境, 每个选项放在空格处, 在语法上、词性上、意义上可能都是正确的, 但是在上下文具体语境下, 正确答案又是唯一的。 (陕西中考). . . it was very 31. _for her to communicate in the new environment, . . . a. niceb. dangerousc. difficultd. easy 【剖析】命题角度: 语境推断。孤立地看本句, 四个选项都是讲得通的, 但是由上文jenny, from germany. . . traveling in india. there was a language barrier for her there的语境可推断: 在新的环境里, jenny和他人交流非常困难, 故选c。 (2)牢记语法知识 一般来讲, 完形填空中不会直接考查语法, 如在同一小题里, 选项搭配动词的不同时态、语态和词性等, 但有的命题属于语法角度, 解题时需要考虑语法因素。 (山东中考)being blind, deaf, unable to walk or use your hands easily is something 33. _most people cant imagine. a. that b. which c. what d. where 【剖析】命题角度: 语法知识。本题是以定语从句的先行词的判定为命题角度, 其正确答案的确定也需要以定语从句的语法运用为支撑, 所以正确答案是a。 (3)领悟逻辑推理完形填空的短文语篇精美, 行文流畅, 逻辑性强。上下句之间或并列, 或递进, 或转折, 或让步等, 使得行文逻辑关系更加密切、紧凑, 也因此成为命题的一大角度。 (安徽中考). . . he seemed to be dumb(哑的)51. _he was normal in every other way. a. because b. when c. though d. before 【剖析】命题角度: 逻辑推理。四个选项都可作从属连词, 分别表示原因、时间、让步、时间, 根据主句(他似乎是哑的)和从句(他在其他每个方面都是正常的)的逻辑关系可知, 此处应该用表示让步关系的连词though。 (4)关注词汇复现选项中的词汇复现是命题的一个特点。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。复现的位置也各不相同, 有的紧接着复现, 有的相隔几句甚至是几段复现, 有的前后复现都有。 (河南中考). . . he often asked 36. _which were strange. a. questions b. help c. promises d. advice 【剖析】命题角度: 词汇复现。下文的. . . to answer these questions; once akbar asked a very strange question; may i know the question. . . 都复现了question一词。 (5)熟记固定搭配有的词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定的、约定俗成的, 需要考生熟记。(重庆中考)each class is given a small garden and our class has decided to grow some tomatoes and beans(豆类)in our 46. _time. a. busy b. free c. happy d. sad 【剖析】命题角度: 固定搭配。in ones free/spare time“在空闲时间”。 (6)熟知生活常识生活常识, 如天气状况、交通规则、人物的喜怒哀乐、时间、地点等作为命题角度。 (杭州中考). . . but as i came near the light, it turned 33. _, and i braked to a stop. a. green b. yellow c. red d. dark 【剖析】命题角度: 生活常识。根据生活常识, 见到红灯才刹车。 例题分析(2014广州中考)one morning a fox was searching for his breakfast. he went down to the lake to 36 some fish. suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a hole on the bank of the lake and decided to eat it instead. not wanting the rabbit to discover him, the fox moved 37 towards his meal. as he got closer, he stepped on some dry leaves. the rabbit then 38 in fear. when he saw the fox, he started to shout. “quiet! why do you rabbits shout so much? ”asked the fox, slightly annoyed that he had lost his 39 . “i am sorry, but you scared me. your sharp teeth make me 40 , ”replied the rabbit. “but i dont want to eat you, ”lied the fox, “i am only here to help with your 41 . i will be back tomorrow and help you dig your hole. ”the next day, the fox returned to the 42 . there he saw a group of rabbits busily digging holes on the bank. he thought about catching one. at that moment the rabbit he had met the day before started jumping up and down, making a 43 noise to warn his friends. all the rabbits and even the fish quickly 44 . the poor fox could not find anything to catch for food and ended up 45 fruit. 36. a. catch b. buy c. smell d. cook37. a. noisily b. silentlyc. confidently d. angrily38. a. looked down b. looked awayc. turned off d. turned around39. a. time b. place c. meal d. fish40. a. sad b. excited c. nervous d. happy41. a. food b. work c. story d. friends42.a.breakfast b. house c. lake d. mountain43. a. loud b. low c. usual d. dangerous44. a. returned b. shouted c. entered d. disappeared45. a. growing b. eating c. picking d. selling答题步骤示范第一步: 通读全文抓大意一天早晨, 一只狐狸去湖边找早餐吃, 本来想捉鱼吃, 但是他看见了兔子, 于是想把正在挖洞的兔子作为自己的早餐。不料兔子发现了狐狸, 狐狸撒谎称第二天会帮兔子挖洞。但是到了第二天狐狸既没有捉到兔子, 也没有逮到鱼, 最后只能吃水果。第二步: 研析段落理逻辑在掌握全文大意的情况下, 仔细研读段与段之间、句与句之间的内在逻辑关系, 对所设空一一突破。 第三步: 重读复核扫障碍最后将选定的答案代入文章进行复读, 扫除疑惑障碍, 检查答案是否与文章叙述的“基调”“目的意图”“内在逻辑关系”等相一致, 确保全文文意流畅连贯。 36. 【解析】选a。考查动词辨析。根据上下文可知, 狐狸是去湖边捉鱼作为早餐。catch意为“捕捉”。 37. 【解析】选b。考查副词。上文提到狐狸不希望兔子发现他, 所以他的动作应该是轻手轻脚, 故选silently。 38. 【解析】选d。考查动词词组。look down意为“向下看”; look away意为“转移目光”; turn off意为“关掉”; turn around意为“转身”, 听到狐狸踩到干树叶的声音, 兔子肯定是恐惧地转身。 39. 【解析】选c。考查名词。上文提到狐狸打算把兔子当早餐吃掉, 而现在兔子发现了他, 所以他失去了meal。 40. 【解析】选c。考查形容词。综合分析四个选项可知, 狐狸的尖牙应该是使兔子感到紧张, 故选c项。 41. 【解析】选b。考查名词。由上下文可知, 狐狸知道兔子在挖洞, 所以骗兔子说会帮他挖洞, 故选work。 42. 【解析】选c。考查名词。狐狸是在湖边遇到的兔子, 上文又提到他说第二天会回来帮兔子挖洞, 故选c项。 43. 【解析】选a。考查形容词。既然是警告他的朋友们, 那么他的声音肯定很大, 故选loud, 意为“大声的”。 44. 【解析】选d。考查动词。兔子制造大的噪音, 所有的兔子和鱼应该是都消失了, 故选d项。 45. 【解析】选b。考查动名词。狐狸没有捉到兔子和鱼吃, 最后只能“吃”水果。因此选eating。 下面就不同体裁的完形填空分别介绍解题思路和技巧。(一) 理清事件脉络巧解记叙文 一、命题特点 1. 首句完整, 线索清楚一般作者第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点, 然后再介绍事件的发生、发展, 最后得出结果(或采用倒叙的方式, 首先讲述事件所带来的后果或影响, 然后再讲述经历、事情经过)。 2. 叙述灵活, 侧重语境文章以叙述为主, 绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件, 较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此, 常会出现态度与观点的跳跃, 或语气上的差异, 从而增加情景的迷惑性和干扰性, 突出对语境的依赖性。3. 实词为主, 虚词为辅完形填空设题有赖于上下文语境, 选项一般集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词的考查上, 介词、连词、冠词等虚词考查相对较少。 二、解题技巧1. 通读全文, 理清脉络掌握作者写作思路、文章所叙述事件或情节的发展脉络是答题的关键。只有正确把握作者的写作思路与故事发展的主体脉络, 才能原汁原味地还原故事内容, 解答好此类完形填空。 2. 利用语境, 揣摩心态记叙类完形填空主要描述事件发生的过程、作者的心理状态、思想变化等。考生需要借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示或限制, 仔细揣摩作者的心理变化过程, 把作者的想法真实地还原到文章中去。3. 理清线索, 把握方向记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述, 有时用倒叙。答题时, 要理清人物间的关系, 把握人物的所作所为, 从而把握细节, 找准作者的记叙方向, 正确理解文章。 模拟演练一today, i want to tell you a story about something i did when i was 14 years old. i made some friends in school 36 they turned out to be bad. they were some boys who stole(偷盗) 37 and sold them. whenever we were stealing a bike, a boy named john would break the lock 38 two other boys were watching out. then one of us would 39 the bike to the cave(洞穴). the next day we would meet there and repaint the bike. when we stole four or five bikes, we would sell them 40 a few hundred dollars. one 41 afternoon, we went to an apartment in bukit batok. we found a bike on the fifth floor and started to work on the 42 . it was hard to break. we spent 10 minutes 43 it. we were about to escape with the bike when the owner of the bike came out of the elevator. “my bike, ”he 44 . we dropped the bike and ran down but two policemen nearby 45 us. we were taken to the police station. our parents were called and our teachers were told what had happened. the police took down what we had done. the next day, a bright sunday, i 46 to the boys home. life in the boyshome was very hard but it 47 me a very important lesson. i learnt that stealing was not right. at the boyshome, the officers helped me and encouraged me 48 my ways. i decided to 49 stealing. to this day, i feel so 50 for what i have done. i hope you will learn something from my story. 36. a. and b. or c. but d. so37. a. bikes b. books c. suitcases d. backpacks38. a. when b. while c. since d. after39. a. fetch b. pull c. fill d. take40.a. to b. with c. by d. for41. a. tuesday b. friday c. saturday d. sunday42. a. floor b. lock c. elevator d. bike43. a. breaking b. to break c. break d. broken44. a. said b. walked c. shouted d. stopped45. a. saw b. pointed c. impressed d. caught46. a. sent b. was sendingc. was sent d. would send47. a. offered b. taught c. told d. passed48. a. to change b. change c. to keep d. keep49. a. pick up b. put up c. look up d. give up50. a. scared b. sorry c. confident d. excited解析36. c。考查连词。and和; or或者; but但是; so因此。由they turned out to be bad知道为转折关系。但是后来他们变坏了。因此选c。 37. a。考查名词。由后面的故事知道为偷自行车。故选a。 38. b。考查连词。when/while当的时候, when引导过去时, while引导进行时, since自从以来, after在之后。由空后面的进行时知道选b。39. d。考查动词。句意: 然后我们中的一个人把偷来的自行车带到洞穴。fetch指一个来回的动作, take sth. to some place带某物去某地。故选d。 40. d。考查介词。sell sth. for some money把某物卖了多少钱。故答案为d。 41. c。考查名词。由下文the next day, a bright sunday, 知道当天是周六。故选c。 42. b。考查名词。由it was hard to break. 以及上文. . . would break the lock说明是锁。因此选b。 43. a。考查固定句型。spend some time doing sth. 花费时间做某事。故选a。 44. c。考查动词。主人看到自己的自行车被偷, 应该是呼喊。故选c。 45. d。考查动词。句意: 警察逮住了我们。catch抓住, 其过去式为caught。故答案为d。 46. c。考查被动语态。句意: 我被送到了少年管教所。be sent to被送到。故选c。 47. b。考查固定句型。teach sb. a lesson给某人上课, 教训某人一顿。句意: 管教所的经历给了我一次教训。故选b。 48. a。考查固定用法。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。change ones ways改变想法。故选a。 49. d。考查语境理解。由上文知放弃偷盗。pick up捡起, put up举起, look up查看, give up放弃。故选d。 50. b。考查形容词。句意: 走到今天这个地步, 我对自己做过的事情感到难过。scared恐惧的, sorry难过的, confident自信的, excited兴奋的。故选b。 模拟演练二 “its raining cats and dogs!” grandpa shouted.little richie came running to the window. he wanted to see the 1 falling from the sky. he looked out of the window, but it was 2 that there were no cats or dogs. he only saw small pools of water on the ground. “man, its really coming down out there!” uncle bob agreed 3 he looked out of the window, too. richie scratched his head (挠头). what was coming down? first they talked about cats and dogs that 4 be seen. now someone said “it”. what was going on with these 5? “wow!” aunt susie shouted as she looked out of the window. “its raining really hard.”richie 6 his aunt. “it is raining hard,” he agreed, “but 7 are the cats and dogs?” grandpa laughed. “richie, that just 8 its raining really hard.” “so why didnt you just say that?” richie 9. it was irritating (恼人的) when people spoke like they were not speaking english at all.“we did. you just didnt understand these 10.” richies cousin said with a big smile. “well, now i do.” richie said.1. a. tigers and lions b. pigs and sheep c. cats and dogs d. chickens and ducks2. a. important b. possible c. necessary d. strange3. a. unless b. after c. till d. though4. a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. neednt d. mustnt5. a. days b. animals c. ideas d. people6. a. shouted at b. looked at c. laughed at d. pointed at7. a. what b. how c. where d. who8. a. explains b. proves c. means d. shows9. a. ordered b. thought c. repeated d. asked10. a. sayings b. questions c. objects d. stories解析1. c 根据下句“he looked out of the window, but it was 2 that there were no cats or dogs.”可知，richie是想看看从天空落下来的猫和狗。故选c项。2. d 根据上下文内容可知，爷爷喊“天上在落猫和狗”，richie却没有看到这种情况出现，他应当感到很奇怪。important意为“重要的”，possible意为“可能的”，necessary意为“必需的”，strange意为“奇怪的”。故选d项。3. b 根据句意可知，uncle bob是在透过窗户看过之后才说“man, its really coming down out there!”的。unless意为“除非”，after意为“在之后”，till意为“直到为止”，though意为“尽管但是”。故选b项。4. a 根据上文内容可知，richie并没有看到天上下猫和狗，所以本句应是“首先他们谈论看不见的猫和狗”。故选a项。5. d 根据上下文内容可知，richie根本听不懂大人们说话的意思，所以本句应是“这些人到底是怎么回事？”故选d项。 6. b 上下句是richie和aunt susie之间的对话。由下句“it is raining hard”可知，richie同意aunt susie的看法，所以本句应是“richie看了看aunt susie”。shout at意为“朝喊叫”，look at意为“看”，laugh at意为“嘲笑”，point at意为“指着”。故选b项。7. c 根据下句“grandpa laughed. “richie, that just 8 its raining really hard.”及上下文内容可知，richie现在依然不明白cats and dogs的真正含义，所以本句应是询问“猫和狗在哪儿”。故选c项。8. c 根据上下文内容可知，cats and dogs的真正含义是its raining really hard。explain意为“解释”，prove意为“证明”，mean意为“意思是”，show意为“出示”。故选c项。9. d 根据答语“we did. you just didnt understand these 10.”可知，so why didnt you just say that?应是richie问的话。故选d项。10. a 根据句意及常识可知，its raining cats and dogs!是一句谚语，意思是“天上下起了倾盆大雨!”。故选a项。模拟演练三once there lived a farmer called henry. he had a brother, mike, in town who was an excellent gardener. his skill and his beautiful trees were 1 everywhere.one day, henry went to town to visit mike. “look, my brother,” said mike, “here is the best 2 tree from my garden. take it home and 3 it so that you, and your children, and your childrens children can enjoy it.” henry was 4 with the apple tree and went back home. the next morning, he began to 5 where he should plant it.“if i plant it on the hill,” said he to himself, “the wind might catch it and 6 down the fruit; if i plant it close to the road, people who pass by will pick some of them; but if i plant it.” 7 he planted the tree in the corner behind his house, where no one else could notice it. but the tree bore (结出) no fruit the first year, nor the second. then henry sent for his brother and said to him 8 , “you have cheated me. this is the third year and it brings me 9 but leaves.”when mike saw where the tree was planted, he laughed and said, “you have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 10 or warmth. how, then, could you expect flowers and fruit?”1. a. simpleb. famousc. similard. common2. a. pearb. grapec. appled. banana3. a. sellb. washc. hided. plant4. a. tiredb. patientc. pleasedd. popular 5. a. learn b. wonderc. realized. understand6. a. putb. cutc. pushd. shake7. a. finallyb. firstly c. luckilyd. certainly8. a. happilyb. angrilyc. kindlyd. carelessly9. a. nothingb. something c. everythingd. anything10. a. airb. earth c. waterd. sunlight解析1. b 根据上文，介绍mike时，“who was an excellent gardener“,说明他种树的技巧很好，所以种树技巧和种出来的美丽的树，都很出名，符合题意。故选b。其他选项，a. simple,简单；c.similar,相似的；d.common,常见的。均不符合。2. c 根据下文，第二段64题后面提示，the apple tree,可知mike送的是苹果树，故选c。3. d 根据上下文，mike先是赠送苹果树给henry.然后告诉henry把苹果树带回家“take it home”，接下来肯定是让henry种苹果树，后面才能继续说you, and your children, your childrens children can enjoy it，所以plant符合题意，故选d。4. c 根据上文，有人送henry苹果树，henry肯定是很高兴地接受了苹果树，另外，文中有be pleased with的固定搭配，选择c，符合题意。5. b 根据下文，henry自言自语，幻想把苹果树种在山上，路边，苹果树会被风刮掉，路人会偷摘果子。可以反推65题，henry想知道他应该把苹果树种在哪里。所以应该选择wonder“想知道”，选择b，符合题意。6. d 根据所在句子“the wind might catch it and 6 down the fruit;”可以得知，大风会吹动苹果树，苹果会随风落下。所以shake down the fruit“摇下果实”符合题意。答案选d。7. a 根据所在句子，关于在哪种苹果树，henry假设了两种情况，种在山上和种在路边但又否定了。最终确定了把苹果树种在房屋后面的角落里，所以答案选finally,符合题意。8. b 根据此段，苹果树没有结果子，“but the tree bore(结出)no fruit the first year, nor the second.”和后面一句“you have cheated me”得知，所以henry很生气地和mike说话。b选项angrily,符合题意。9. a 根据此段，苹果树没有结果子，henry质问mike, “this is the third year and it brings me 9 but leaves.”联系上下文，得知henry一无所获，除了树叶。所以选择nothing，符合题意。10. d 根据此段，henry把树种在了阴暗的角落里，“you have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 10 or warmth”，这个角落应该没有阳光和温暖，符合题意。答案a.air空气；b. earth泥土；c.water，水，都是角落里会有的。原文强调是冷的角落，所以没有阳光更合适。模拟演练四malaysia airlines (马航) flight mh370 disappeared from radar (雷达) screens an hour after it took off on march 8. it has 1 for more than 3 months.the plane may fall into the sea. china, malaysia and many other countries have joined to search the 2 on the sea. the relatives of the 227 passengers and 12 crew (乘务人员) are 3 good news from them.how did the accident 4 ? it is said that the plane was attacked (攻击) by the terrorists. some think there may be something wrong with the plane, and others think the accident may be 5 by the mistake of the crew. however it is 6 to tell the reason because the plane hasnt been found yet.it may 7 some time to find the missing plane and even more time to get to know the truth of what happened. however, we cant stop imagining what happened to the plane 8 it is found.whether the missing plane is found 9 not, the whole world should pay more attention to the safety of people, especially at airports. we hope these people on the plane will be 10 , and they can get together with their family members.1. a. found b. seen c. flown d. missed2. a. plane b. terrorists c. ship d. chinese3. a. talking about b. waiting for c. listening to d. hearing4. a. take b. happen c. come d. go5. a. given b. met c. caused d. tried 6. a. hard b. easy c. wise d. true7. a. spend b. take c. get d. waste8. a. before b. after c. until d. as soon as 9. a. nor b. so c. and d. or10. a. dangerous b. safe c. friendly d. bad解析1. d 解析考察动词辨析及语境理解。从最后一段的最后一句we hope they can get together with their family members.可知，飞机还是没有找到。found 找到（find的过去式或过去分词）；seen 看见（see的过去分词）；flown 飞（fly的过去分词）；missed(miss的过去式或过去分词)。故选d。2. a 解析考察名词辨析及语境理解。根据第二段的第一句话the plane may fall into the sea.要寻找的是飞机。故选a。3. b 解析考察词组辨析及语境理解。各国都在找寻mh70的下落，飞机上乘客的亲人都在等他们的好消息。talk about 谈论;wait for等待 ;listen to听;hear听说。根据句意，可知选b。4. b 解析考察动词辨析及语境理解。从后一句it is said that the plane was attacked(攻击)by