增压柴油发动机的正确使用和保养.doc

增压柴油发动机的正确使用和保养1、车用增压柴油机在增压器发生故障后、可否拆掉增压器，使柴油机继续运转? 作为应急措施，可以在汽车行驶途中，增压器发生故障无法立即修复时拆去增压器，使车辆驶向最近的一汽服务站，采取措施尽快排除增压器的故障。因为，当增压器拆去后，柴油机的动力性能必然会下降，燃油消耗也会上升。 在拆卸涡轮增压器时，应将柴油机气缸体上原通向涡轮增压器的进、回油管分别用螺塞堵塞住，使机油压力腔不泄压，一定不要将进、出油口联通，这将使柴油机润滑机油无法形成足够的机油压力，进而发生烧损柴油机曲轴、连杆等零件的恶性事故。 2、在增压柴油机使用过程中最关键的注意事项是什么? 答：最关键的是保证增压器转子轴承的压力润滑。增压器的转子组件，在工作时的额定转速高达每分钟10万转以上，这样高的转速下，任何滚动轴承已无法正常工作。所以增压器所采用的是用压力油把轴托浮起来的液压轴承。保持一定压力的润滑油，在特殊设计的轴承压力室中，产生一个向中心的力、保持轴与套不产生金属接触磨损。同时循环流动的压力油还把运转过程中的热量带走，保证轴承的工作温度在允许的范围内。 为此，使用增压柴油机的司机朋友们要关注以下几点： （1）增压柴油机在每次启动后要怠速运行35分钟，使机油泵工作正常并建立必要的机油压力，保证压力油到达位于柴油机最上端的增压器轴承处。 （2）不要突然关机停车，应逐渐降低柴油机转速到怠速运行35分钟，待增压器转子的转速大幅度下降后再关闭油门。 （3）新车启动前或长期封存不用的增压发动机再次启动前，要在增压器进油口加注纯净机油50ml以上（牌号与柴油机油相同）。 3、增压器在全负荷工作时，废气涡轮外壳烧呈暗红色高温状态属正常吗?它的极限工作温度是多少? 柴油机正常排气温度在600700，而增压柴油机的高温燃气在涡壳内推动转子高速转动、涡壳的温度能达到近750,外壳在黑暗环境下呈暗红色属正常现象，它的极限温度在1023K（750）。当增压器涡壳温度过高时，往往发生柴油机工作不正常，增压器转子超转速现象，应立即降低负荷停车检查， 以防烧损涡轮部分零件，高温的主要原因如下： （1）柴油机喷油泵供油量过大，柴油机工作粗暴或燃烧不完全，排气温度升高。喷油泵调速失灵而。飞车”引起增压器转子超速，也要发生高温。 （2）柴油机喷油咀喷射压力低，积碳，雾化不好，燃烧不良。 （5）喷油泵的出油阀或柱塞严重磨损，形成二次喷射燃烧不充分。 （4）喷油提前角过小、柴油燃烧时间短促，燃烧不完全。 （5）排气背压高、排气不畅，排气散热能力削弱。 （6）增压压力下降（可能是进气不畅，空滤器堵塞，或进气管漏气）进入气缸空气少、燃烧不良而高温。 4、涡轮增压器采用什么牌号的机油?在使用润滑油中的日常质量控制有哪些? 答：增压器长期在高温燃气腐蚀条件下工作，轴承温度很高，工作条件恶劣。所用润滑油必须具备防止高温沉积，抗腐蚀和抗氧化能力。所以应采用CD级润滑油，推荐使用15W40CD级或15W30CD级。 加注机油要注意机油的清洁度，标准要求杂质颗粒度不大于0.015mm，当添加补充机油时要使用同一品牌机油。 由于增压器与柴油机共用同一油池（油底壳），所以日常检查要注意机油是否变质，有无柴油漏入而稀释的问题。对整机三滤进行保养时，要特别注意增压器油路上的畅通，滤清器脏了要及时更换，漏油处及时修复。 5、增压柴油机日常保养时有关增压器部分要做哪些工作? （1）检查各连接部位的牢固性紧固松动的连接螺栓或螺母。 （2）检查各环节的密封性，各部接口无漏气现象，特别注意压气机后的环节发生漏气，将影响到压缩比，进而造成功率下降，油耗增加。 （3）涡轮增压器属于精密产品，只要运转平稳，无漏油现象一般不允许拆卸保养，但在运行过程中发现有异响或异常情况，则要停机，然后拆开压气机壳和空滤连接处，手动检查转子转动的灵活性，细心观察和倾听有无叶轮与壳体的擦碰声。 （4）检查有无漏机油的现象，特别注意涡轮外壳工作时温度很高，机油泄漏接触涡壳会引起火灾。 当增压器产生不正常噪音时、决不能继续使用、否则有可能导致发动机全面损坏。应找出原因,加以消除。必要时先关闭发动机。然后对增压器进行检查。用手拨动转子，若很快停止或有碰擦声，应按维修手册进行增压器拆检也可送至有条件维修站修复。 注意：必须持增压器发动机停机后才可脱开压气机前管道，否则运转中的增压器会因压气机端强大的吸力，造成人员伤害。另外可能有外来物吸入增压器而损坏叶轮。Proper use and maintenance of the supercharged diesel engines1 cars with turbocharged diesel engine turbocharger failure, can tear down the turbocharger, the diesel engine to continue running? As an emergency measure, traveling in the car on the way, turbocharger failure can not be repaired immediately to remove the supercharger the vehicle towards the FAW service station, to take measures as soon as possible to rule out the failure of the turbocharger. When the turbocharger is removed, the dynamic performance of the diesel engine will inevitably decline in fuel consumption will rise.In the disassembly of the turbocharger, the diesel engine cylinder body Uehara should to the turbocharger inlet and return pipe plug to plug to live, not relief, must not enter the oil pressure chamber, the oil export Unicom This will allow the diesel engine lubricating oil is not enough oil pressure, and then burning of the diesel engine crankshafts, connecting rods and other parts of the serious accident.What is the most critical in the process of turbocharged diesel engine use precautions?A: The most crucial is to ensure that the pressure of the turbocharger rotor bearing lubrication. Turbocharger rotor assembly, in the work of the rated speed up to more than 100 000 per minute, turn, such a high speed, Rolling does not work. Turbocharger oil pressure axis prop float hydraulic bearing. To maintain a certain pressure, lubricating oil, in a specially designed bearing pressure chamber, resulting in a force to the center, to keep the shaft and the sleeve does not produce metal contact wear. Also during operation of the circular flow of oil pressure in the heat away, to ensure that the bearing operating temperature range allowed.To this end, turbocharged diesel engine driver friends to pay attention to the following:(1) turbocharged diesel engine to be idle after every time you start to run for 3-5 minutes, so that the oil pump is working properly and establish the necessary oil pressure to ensure that the oil pressure reaches the turbocharger bearing in diesel engine top.(2) Do not shut down suddenly stop, should gradually reduce the engine speed to idle running for 3-5 minutes, until the turbocharger rotor speed dropped significantly and then close the throttle.(3) a new car before the start of long-term storage without the supercharged engine is started again before the turbocharger inlet to raise more than pure oil 50ml (grade diesel engine oil).3, the turbocharger in the working hours of full load, the exhaust turbine housing burned dark red high temperature is normal? Its operating temperature limit is how much?Normal diesel engine exhaust temperature of 600 -700 , high temperature gas turbocharged diesel engine driven vortex shell rotor high-speed rotation, the the volute temperature can reach nearly 750 C, the shell in the dark, dark red is a normal phenomenon, its limit temperature of 1023 K (750 C). Often occurs when the high temperature of the turbocharger turbine housing of the diesel engine is not working properly, the super speed of the turbocharger rotor phenomenon should immediately reduce the load stop and check, to prevent burning of the turbine part of the parts, high temperature of the main reasons are as follows:(1) diesel fuel injection pump oil excessive diesel crude or incomplete combustion, the exhaust temperature. Failure of fuel injection pump governor. Speed caused by the turbocharger rotor speeding, but also of high temperature.(2) diesel fuel injection nozzle injection pressure is low, carbon deposition, atomization burning bad.(5) fuel injection pump delivery valve or plunger severe wear, the formation of secondary injection combustion is not sufficient.(4) fuel injection advance angle is too small, diesel combustion time is short, incomplete combustion.(5) high exhaust back pressure, poor exhaust, exhaust cooling capacity weakened.(6) boost pressure drop (which may be poor intake, air filter blockage, or intake manifold leak) into the cylinder air less burning of poor high temperature. Turbocharger with what brand of oil? In the use of oil in the daily quality control? A: turbocharger long-term high-temperature gas corrosion conditions, the high bearing temperature, poor working conditions. The lubricant must possess to prevent the high temperature deposition, corrosion resistance and antioxidant capacity. So CD grade lubricants should be used, it is recommended to use 15W-40CD level or 15W-30CD-level.Filling oil to pay attention to the cleanliness of the oil, the standard requirements of the impurity particle size less than 0.015mm, to use the same brand of oil when adding a supplementary oil. The supercharger and diesel engines share the same oil sump (oil pan), so routine inspections should pay attention to the oil whether the deterioration, and whether the diesel fuel leak into the problem of dilution. Three filter on the machine for maintenance, to pay special attention to the smooth flow of the turbocharger oil on the road, the filter is dirty to the timely replacement of the oil spill at the timely repair. 5, the routine maintenance of the turbocharged diesel engine turbocharger part to do what?Connection (1) Check all joints solid fastening loose bolts or nuts.(2) Check the link in the tightness of ministries interface leakage phenomenon, special attention to the after part of the compressor air leak will affect the compression ratio, thereby causing the power drop, increases fuel consumption.(3) The turbocharger is a precision product, smooth operation, leakage generally does not permit the demolition and maintenance, but abnormal sound or abnormal conditions found during operation, will have to stop, and then open the compressor shell and empty filter connections and the flexibility to manually check for rotor rotation, and carefully observe and listen to whether the impeller an