广东省新兴县惠能中学二轮复习 主旨大意题(3)课件.ppt

主旨大意题 我们阅读一篇文章 首先是要了解其大意 明确其主旨 因此 主旨大意题是常考题 主旨大意题包括 主要内容 mainidea 型 文章标题 title 型 主要内容型 一 题干形式题干中一般含有mainidea mainly theme等 如 1 what sthemainideaofthepassage 2010福建 2 whatisthethemeofthestory 2010湖北 3 whatisthetextmainlyabout 2010全国 4 whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout 2010全国 5 whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss 2010江西 6 whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory 2010重庆 7 whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph2 2010全国 8 whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout 2010四川 9 thispassageismainlyabout 2010安徽 二 解题方法寻找主题句是解题的关键 主题句通常在文首 文末或首尾呼应 有时在文中 也有可能没有主题句 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳 寻找主题句有以下四个小窍门 1 段落中出现转折时 该句很可能是主题句 2 作者有意识地反复重复的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 3 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨 4 提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示有therefore thus but however infact inshort等等 因此 这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨 具体选择时 要仔细推敲各个选项 排除错误选项 缩小选择范围 从而选出最佳答案 错误选项有以下特征 1 概括范围太窄 只含局部信息 2 概括范围太宽 所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容 3 无关信息 即文章中未提到 或找不到依据的信息 请快速找出以下各段的主题句 1 infantsspendmostoftheirdaysfastasleep inthedaysimmediatelyafterbirth newbornssleepanaverageofsixteenhoursperday buttheamounttheysleepdecreasesteadilywitheachpassingmonth bytheageofsixmonths babiesaverageaboutthirteentofourteenhoursofsleepperday bytwenty fourmonths theyaverageonlyelevenortwelvehoursperday inshort babiessleepalotbuttheamountofsleeptheyneeddecreasesovertime 2 soapoperas thedramaticserialsshownonafternoontelevision areextremelypopular everydaymillionsofviewerstuneintotheirfavoriteserialtodiscoverthefateofbelovedheroorahatedvillain however althoughsoapoperaspretendtoberealistic theydonotshowwhatreallyhappensintheworldoutsidethetelevisionstudio insoapoperas peoplewhocommitviciouscrimesarequicklypunished orelsetheydieanuntimelydeath evenwhensuicideormurderentersthestory there susuallyahappyending problems whichinreallifemayhavenosolution arealwayssolvedontelevision 3 studentslearnindifferentways somestudentslearnbywritingouttheinformationtobelearned otherstudentsneedtoheartheinformationandlearnbestbyrecitingorsayingtheinformationaloud stillotherstudentslearnthroughacombinationoffirstwritingtheinformationandthenreciting 三 真题演练 阅读所选文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 并指出主题句的位置 1 2010广东六校联考 americanwearblackformourningwhilechinesewearwhite westernersthinkofdragonsasmonsterswhilechinesehonorthemassymbolsofgod chinesecivilizationhasoftenshownsuchpolarities 极性 withthewest asthougheachstandsatextremeendsofaglobalstring nowintheuniversityofcalifornia berkeley apsychologisthasdiscovereddeeperpolaritiesbetweenchineseandamericancultures polaritiesthatgototheheartofhowwereasonanddiscovertruth 55 themainideaofthepassageis a polaritiesbetweenamericanandchinesecultureb prioritiesofamericanculturetochinesec differentattitudestowardstheagedd differentmannersinsocialoccasions a polaritiesbetweenamericanandchineseculture 这一句为主题句 2 2010江西 moderninventionshavespeededuppeople slivesamazingly motor carscoverahundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour aircraftcrosstheworldaday whilecomputersoperateatlightningspeed indeed thisloveofspeedseemsnever ending everyyearmotor carsareproducedwhichgoevenfasterandeachnewcomputerboasts 吹嘘 ofsavingprecioussecondsinhandlingtasks however whatdowedowiththetimewehavesaved certainlynotrelaxorsoitseems wearesoaccustomedtoconstantactivitythatwefinditdifficulttositanddonothing orevenjustonethingatatime perhapsthedaysarelonggonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio lettingimaginationtakeusintoanotherworld 71 whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss a thepresentandpasttimesb machineryandhumanbeingsc imaginationsandinventionsd moderntechnologyanditsinfluence 2 d这篇文章没有明显的主题句 各个段落的主题句分别是 第一段的首句 第三段的末句 第二段是对第一句提问的回答 综合每一段的大意 读者可以得知全文主要谈现代技术对我们生活产生的巨大影响 因此选d d moderntechnologyanditsinfluence 要求考生给文章选择一个恰当的标题 一 题干形式1 whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage 2010广东 2 whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage 2007广东 3 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage 2010北京 4 thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe 2010安徽 文章标题型 二 解题方法1 了解3个特点 一个好标题应具备以下3个特点 1 概括性 即抽象 准确而又简短 2 针对性 即标题外延正好与文章内容相符 帽子 不大不小 3 醒目性 即新颖奇特 能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望 2 掌握3种方法 1 正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上 揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨 2 反面否定法 撇开原文 拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的 文章 将是什么内容 然后和原文章对照 一一排除荒谬者 3 研究备选项本身 研究备选项里面的中心词 修饰词的变化 结构 新奇性 概括力等 文章的标题应该新颖奇特 易激发读者好奇心 吸引读者注意力 三 真题演练阅读所选文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 并指出主题句的位置 1 2010辽宁 toomuchtv watchingcanharmchildren sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren whilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomtvsetscausedthelowerscores itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn thavetvsintheirbedrooms 67 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext computersortelevisionb effectsoftelevisiononchildrenc studiesontvandcollegeeducationd televisionandchildren slearninghabits 1 b正面肯定法 该文主要通过两项研究分析了 儿童看电视对他们学业所造成的影响 尤其是孩子的寝室里有电视机时对学业影响最大 文首第一段话和文尾最后一段话都揭示了文章的这一主题 中间四段 这里省去一段 介绍了研究的对象 内容和结果 故选b 外延太大 概括性差 偏离主题 偏离主题 2 2010上海 the2012londonolympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout butonemorehasjustbeenadded acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms 75 whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage a solarstorms aninvisiblekillerb solarstorms earthenvironmentindangerc solarstorms threateningthehumanraced solarstorms humanactivitiestobetroubled 主题句 d solarstorms humanactivitiestobetroubled 3 2010重庆 sittingonthepeacefulcoastofthegalapagosislands ecuador watchingthesunmovequietlyintothesea youshouldn tforgetthatcharlesdarwin 1809 1882 arrivedherein1835 hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks observingvariousanimals thisfinallyinspired 启发 hisfamouswork ontheoriginofspecies youcancertainlyfollowdarwin sfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands 主题句 71 whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a auniqueattractionforwildlifeloversb galapagosasaparadiseforadventurersc charlesdarwinasasymbolofgalapagosd asuccessfulexampleofwildlifeprotection a auniqueattractionforwildlifelovers 4 thesethreepopularmisquotes 戏谑的引语 aremeanttobejokes andyettheytellusalotabouthumannature toerr ortomakemistakes isindeedapartofbeinghuman butitseemsthatmostpeopledon twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityforhavingmadeamistake 55 whatwouldbethebestt