高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题10 名词性从句（含解析）.doc

专题10 名词性从句 【高频考点解读】名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。【热点题型】题型一 主语从句例1、it doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. awhetherbhow cif dwhen 【易错剖析】本题容易误选c。if只有在宾语从句中有“是否”含义，与whether换用，主语从句只能用whether。 【提分秘籍】 1引导词 (1)that不充当句子成分，本身无意义，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。 (2)whether不充当句子成分，但有“是否”的意义，不能省略，不能用if代替。还常和or连用，构成“whether.or.或者”。 (3)who，whom，what，which，whose本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。 (4)where，when，how，why本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作状语，不能省略。 (5)whever引导的从句和不带ever的引导词在句中所做成分一样，但其意义上多了“无论；任何”的含义。 what barbara jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. barbara jones给她粉丝的就是诚信和快乐。 whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on earth hasnt been proved up to now. 外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定。 2由it作形式主语的句型 (1)itbe形容词(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)that从句。 (2)itbe名词性词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)that从句。 (3)itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected， etc.)that从句。 (4)it doesnt matter/makes no difference，etc.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。 it matters much whether the headmaster supports our activity.校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。 it was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. 为什么这个人没有尽快报告这起事故还不清楚。 it never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。 【举一反三】 it even leaves the scientists in wonder _they should call the newlyborn creature，which looks halfhuman and halfanimal. athat bwhy cwhat dhow 解析：选c。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是“_ they should call the newlyborn creature，which looks halfhuman and halfanimal.”从句中缺少宾语，所以用what。全句意为“他们应该把这种新出生的生物称作生命,他们看上去半人半兽，这件事让科学家们很困惑”。 题型二 宾语从句例2、as many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. awhatever bwhichever cwhenever dwherever 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a。只考虑到了宾语从句中缺少主语，没有考虑到句子的具体意义，应该用“(其中)任何一个”。 【提分秘籍】 其引导词的用法基本和主语从句相同,但需注意以下几点： (1)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,但在except(除了)，in(在于)后可以。 he is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。 he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。 (2)whether引导的宾语从句可以由if代替，但介词后只能用whether。 they are talking about whether they should carry out the plan.他们正在讨论是否该实施这项计划。 (3)在某些动词,如find，feel，think，consider,make, believe等后有宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置. we think it highly probable that he is dead. 我们认为他已经死了，这是非常可能的。 we consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 he has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。 【举一反三】 after seven hours drive，they reached _they thought was the place they had been dreamt of. athat bwhat cwhere dwhich 解析：选b。what引导的从句作reach的宾语，从句中they thought是插入语，去掉之后可以看出从句中缺少主语。 题型三 表语从句 例3、im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is_ he never finishes anything. athat bwhen cwhere dwhy 【解析】选d。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代前面的整个句子hes more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a。没有理解准确整句话的意义：前面的主句是后面的原因。 【提分秘籍】 表语从句引导词的用法基本和宾语从句相同，但要注意以下几点： that引导表语从句时，不能省略。 whether引导表语从句时，不能用if代替。 主句的主语是the reason时,其表语从句的引导词为that，不能用because。 china is no longer what she used to be. 中国再也不是从前的中国了。 my decision is that all of us are to start at 600 tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 the problem is whether we can get enough money. 问题是我们能否弄到足够的钱。 【举一反三】 on sundays i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays. thats _ i dont agree.you should have a more active life. awhat bwhen chow dwhere 解析：选d。where引导的从句作表语，此句句意：那就是我不同意的地方。须注意：agree是不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，所以不能用what。 题型四 同位语从句例4、the notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. awhen bthat cwhether dhow 【解析】选b。本题考查名词性从句。句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引导的从句_the meeting would be postponed说明的是主语the notice的内容，即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词the notice被主句谓语部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，故选b项。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a。把从句看成了定语从句修饰the afternoon，通过句意不难看出从句是用来说明the notice的具体内容的，它们之间是同位语关系。 【提分秘籍】 1同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。 there seems to be no possibility that li hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race. 看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。 there is a popular belief among the europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu. 欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。the question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上被提出来。 i have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。 2同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。 the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容) the news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”) 【举一反三】 one of the glorious moments in my school life was _ i was awarded the mayors award. awhy bhow cthat dwhen 【高考风向标】【2015北京】33.i truly believe _beauty comes from within.a. that b. where c. what d. why【答案】a【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选a。【2015安徽】25.a ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.a. whatb. whomc. whyd. when【答案】a【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isnt后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选a。【2015浙江】6. if you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.a. what b. who c. that d. whoever【答案】a【2015重庆】8.we must find out _ karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.a. when b. how c. where d. why 【答案】a 【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 【2015四川】8.the exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.a. where b. why c. what d. which【答案】b【解析】考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项c错误，选项d担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择b。【2015福建】29i wonder _ mary has kept her figure after all these years.by working out every day.a. whereb. howc. whyd. if【答案】b【解析】考查宾语从句。句中i是主语，wonder是谓语， how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词how是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意-我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。-通过每天锻炼。故选c【2015江苏】25._ li bai, a great chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.a. that b. why c. where d. how【答案】c【2015北京】35. _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.a. where b.how c.why d. when【答案】b【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选b。1(2014大纲全国卷)exactly_the potato was introduced into europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.【答案】when【解析】考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565年左右。结合句意可知，when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。2(2014北京卷)some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 【答案】whatever【解析】本题考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一些人认为，无论是以前发生过的还是现在正在发生的(事情)，在将来都会再次发生。believe后为宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，设空处引导主语从句，谓语部分为will repeat。has happened前缺少主语，故设空处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语成分，意为“无论什么”，故用whatever。3(2014重庆卷)is it true that mike refused an offer from yale university yesterday?yeah, but i have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.【答案】why【解析】本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？”“是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据thats one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)。4(2014福建卷)pick yourself up. courage is doing_youre afraid to do.【答案】what【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。5(2014陕西卷)_the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.【答案】when6(2014湖南卷)as john lennon once said, life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.【答案】what【解析】考查表语从句。句意：正如约翰列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what引导的是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。7(2014四川卷)grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “thats _ i was born. ”【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那是我出生的地方。”根据语境及句子结构可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。8(2014天津卷)i think_impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，think后是一个复合宾语从句，该从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，因此用what。9(2014山东卷)it is difficult for us to imagine_life was like for slaves in the ancient world.【答案】what【解析】考查连接代词。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。what was.like？how was.？表示“某事怎么样呢？”。10. (2014江苏卷)what a mess！you are always so lazy!im not to blame, mum. i am_you have made me. 【答案】what11(2013北京，31)_makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.athat bwhat cwho dwhich【答案】b【解析】考查名词性从句。此题题干部分is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。句意：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。12(2013湖南，28)do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell_close you may be to victory.ahow bthat cwhich dwhere【答案】a【解析】考查名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，故选a。13(2013江西，30)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.awhoever bwhatever cwhichever dwherever【答案】c【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意：无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个”，故选c。14(2013山东，30)its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while were away.awhat bwhose cwhich dthat【答案】d【解析】考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。15(2013陕西，20)it remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.athat bwhich cwhat dwhether【答案】d16(2013天津，15)_i want to tell you is the deep love and respect i have for my parents.athat bwhich cwhether dwhat【答案】d【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether均不做成分。17(2013新课标，26)police have found_appears to be the lost ancient statue.awhich bwhere chow dwhat【答案】d【解析】考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。18(2013浙江，16)the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.ahow bthat cwhich dwhether【答案】b【解析】考查名词性从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，答案为b。19(2013安徽，21)from space, the earth looks blue.this is _about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.awhy bhow cbecause dwhether【答案】c【解析】考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。20(2013四川，6)_you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.awhen bhow cwhat dthat【答案】c【解析】考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，不能做主干成分。【高考押题】 1it is our responsibility, so _ i dont want now is to push it to the students.【答案】what2research suggests an increase in voice is a signal _ someone is lying.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：研究表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导同位语从句，该从句用于解释说明signal的内容。3the small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of hubei.【答案】where; what【解析】考查定语从句和宾语从句。“_ we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词the small mountain village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故第一空用where; “_ is now part of hubei”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what。4his family members gave some examples of _ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.【答案】how【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ his drinking and smoking had affected the family”是宾语从句，引导从句的连接词表示方式，故用how。5it has been proved _ several new kinds of medicine _ a positive effect on the cure of h7n9.【答案】that; have【解析】考查主语从句和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句“_ several new kinds . the cure of h7n9”，该主语从句的引导词仅起连接作用，无任何意义，故第一空用that，从句中several new kinds of medicine作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。6it is no use doing _ you like; you have got to like _ you do.【答案】what; what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：干你喜欢的事是没有用的；你得喜欢你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语，表示“的事情”，故用what；第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“的事情”，故也用what。7he jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see _ the parcel was for.【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他从床上跳下来，跑到门口去看这个包裹是给谁的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句作see的宾语，且空处在从句中作介词for的宾语。8you can complain, but i doubt _ it will make any difference.【答案】whether9the bride and groom gave _ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.【答案】whoever【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发一些礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“_ attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知应用whoever。10helen has just heard the news from her father _ her boyfriend david will come back soon.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：海伦刚从她的父亲那儿得到消息，她的男朋友大卫很快就会回来。分析句子结构可知，“_her boyfriend david will come back soon”是同位语从句，且从句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。11the message of saving private ryan is _ humans want peace, not war.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that。12there is still some doubt _ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：即使所有的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。whether引导的同位语从句作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。13john