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机械毕业设计146隧道掘进机概况及管片受力的有限元分析,机械毕业设计论文

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邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 1 Tunnel tunneling machine and China Richard J. Robbins Along with the tunnel tunneling machine success application, the tunneling machine already became the noticeable underground tunnel high-speed driving method in China. How develops Chinas tunnel tunneling machine industry? This question proposes the source is puzzled by many years difficult problem from the Chinese rapid growth city underground construction and important project market request highly effective low consumption project cost this. 1 Tunnel tunneling machine history 1.1 Tunnels tunneling machine and its the type tunnel tunneling machine full title all sections tunnel tunneling machine, mainly have two big types: Opens the type and seal, this article discusses the type tunneling machine with emphasis. (1) So-called opens the type tunnel tunneling machine to open the type tunneling machine is refers to when the cutting does not need to control the working surface the geostatic pressure, the tunneling machine according to leaves is cut by broken glass the system to transport is cut by broken glass the ability tunneling. Opens the type tunneling machine to use in not to need specially to consider the surface sinks place situation. Opens the type tunneling machine design rigidity to be bigger. Is suitable to in hard stratum center the high-speed driving. Opens the type tunneling machine to be allowed to divide into two kinds, namely opens the type host summer beam and protects the shield type. (2) Seal the tunneling machine seal tunneling machine is called the geostatic pressure balance -like tunneling machine (EPB), is through control screw conveyer dismounts the material gate opening, causes tool rest front the cavity pressure and the geostatic pressure is balanced. Because must balance the geostatic pressure, the tunneling machine basis is cut by broken glass the speed which the stone ships out to adjust the tunneling speed to maintain the geostatic pressure, does not disturb or the few perturbation stratum, avoids or reduces the surface the subsidence. The geostatic pressure balance -like tunneling machine usually uses in the soft stratum perhaps the fluid stratum. 1.2 international tunnels tunneling machine development history in 1851 American Engineer Charles Wilson has invented the tunnel tunneling machine, usually was considered is first successfully in the rock the continual tunneling machine. Another famous exploration is Colonel Beaumont the compressed-air drive tunnel tunneling machine which invented in 1881, once used in a English Channel survey tunnel. Hereafter always does not have a more multiple-valued attention the attempt, Robins designed until 1952 has used in South Dakota Oahe the Dam tunnel tunneling machine. This machine diameter is 7. 85m, the cutting partially the part which tool rest and outside tool rest two revolves by in composes. Tool rest on along the radial direction arrangement tungsten carbide truncation tooth, and the parallel arrangement nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 2 may the free rotation circular the hob, the hob slightly be lower than the tungsten carbide truncation tooth. The machine by two 150kW direct motor drive, the equipment gross weight reaches 114t. Although this tunneling machine is not the design in the hard crag the tunneling, it ruler or has achieved 49m in the soft shale. Has replaced 356 truncations teeth and 4 circular hobs in four tunnels tunneling process Chinese Communist Party. Actually, the first successful hard crag tunneling machine is the diameter 3. 28m Robins tunnel tunneling machine, this machine was in 1956 constructs for Canadas Foundation Corporation, used in Toronto Humber the Sewer project, tunneling long approximately 4. 5km, mainly by the sandstone, the shale, contained the tunnel which the quartz the limestone was composed, the rock compressive strength is 5 186MPa. From the 20th century 50s, Robins has until now made several hundred tunnels tunneling machine, the about 300 wraps tunneling machine have dug the 3500km many rocks tunnel, its diameter from 1. 6m to 11. 87m. 1.3 Chinese tunnel tunneling machine development history along with overseas widely applies the tunnel tunneling machine, the 20th century at the beginning of 70s the tunneling machine starts to appear in China. Governments each department like coal department, Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power and the war industry department all designs, makes and has used many tunnels tunneling machine. From the 20th century 70s to the 80s, Chinas each department has at least constructed 20 tunnels tunneling machine, coal department has only constructed 12 tunnels tunneling machine. The worth noting is the ruler only has 250m in these tunneling machine most Gao Yuejin, moreover most units have not put into the use. The 1980s later period start, along with Chinas reform and open policy, in the most situations purchase the overseas tunneling machine by the overseas construction contractor perhaps the China general contractor to undertake the China engineering construction project. Table 1 is these projects surveys. Should point out that, in the above project the most projects which constructs by the Chinese company therefore the tunneling speed is lower, is geological, the management and other conditions synthesis influences. 1 Tunnels tunneling machine application and the new technology Since 19th century 50s intermediate stages, the tunnel tunneling machine mainly have developed in three directions: Is suitable in a big way to the scale, is hard moreover in the high abradability rock the tunneling; Both is suitable to being stable, has from support protection the strength stratum, and is suitable for the unstable rock stratum; Can economically dig the tunnel. The geological condition and the tunnel design the factor and the request directly will affect the tunneling machine design and the tunnel efficiency, the tunneling machine manufacturer should namely obtain as far as possible the accurate related condition and the request in the plan design earlier period. The good tunnel design adds the very good tunneling machine system to be able again to be successful moreover highly effective completes the tunnel project. 2.1 geologic agents influence tunneling machine design geologic agent includes: The rock intensity and the elasticity coefficient, the rock type and the abradability, the rock integrity or the crevasse situation, the related tunnel inclination angle and the trend, the cover nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 3 rock layer and the in-situ rock stress, the fault area and support protection the time, the water, the gas are mad, periphery the rock layer temperature. In order to overcome in the tunnel the disadvantageous geological condition, the tunneling machine design has equipped below the function: The breech loading type tool rest, tool rest can reverse also the rotational speed variables, the strut strength and the propelling power become the proportion, has the anchor rod drilling machine to realize support protection, has drilling surveys and the note thick liquid in advance. In under the mix stratum condition, should specially pay attention to tool rest the characteristic design, such as: The low porch line scoop, the seal shovel flood gate, the breech loading type hob, ultra digs the ability, the superficial welding anti-friction material, in the design also should specially pay attention to reduces tool rest the exposed part. (1) the tunnel tunneling machine design is been enormous its work tunnel geology condition influence, the tunneling machine manufacturer must consider all obtained the geological data, and carries on the correct design according to most main data. (2) hard and a scale big rock need bigger thrust force by highly effective cuts the rock, this requests the equipment various parts rigidity in a big way, but the system power is also bigger. (3) the different type rock and its the center pellet the matter can affect the hob the choice and tool rest design. (4) more faults perhaps the very short support protection time must use protects the shield type tunneling machine, but also possibly needs to prefabricate the tunnel support protection system. 2.2 Tunnels design factor influence tunneling machine design tunnel design factor includes: The tunnel trend with the curvature, the inclination angle, the rock support protection request, the note thick liquid, drilling, the tunnel allowance error, the geostatic pressure limit, can use in advance to assemble and the work region, the environment request and the tunnel tunneling work plan. For instance in the tunnel which inclines the work, must specially consider the tunneling machine host actuation system, the hydraulic system, the lubrication and the leather belt transportation system. 2.3 Cost controls make the tunnel in the hard crag, most importantly both smooth and is safe, and must suitably control the cost. Was opposite to the traditional hard crag tunnel excavation method, the tunnel tunneling machine has provided one kind of highly effective low consumption choice, in particular to large diameter and long distance tunnel. The use tunneling machine digging hard crag tunnel, its cost mainly by the labor force, the equipment expense and consumption goods is composed. The labor charge control has two tremendous influences factors, namely tunneling time and work population. Any on the one hand saves namely meant the labor charge reducing, each factor can receive other aspects the influence. The reduced tunneling time can correspondingly reduce the tunneling to enter the ruler, to reduce the tunneling speed and the tunneling machine use factor. Work population including tunneling staff and rear service personnel, administrative personnel and serviceman. Along with in the last few years the hob and places the knife the place the manufacture technology development, already could produce has nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 4 the high grade knife circle the force hob, enabled the higher tunneling speed possibly to become. Another reduced tunneling time consideration speeds up the tunneling speed, namely enhancement tool rest velocity of whirl. But enhances the rotational speed to be restrained the tunneling machine vibration, is cut by broken glass the system the ability and the hob temperature limit. In recent years, appeared has used in the tunneling machine reliable frequency conversion drive (VFD), enabled us to be allowed to choose is suitable tool rest the rotational speed. The frequency conversion drive merit lies in under the high starting torque, the basic frequency next 100% torque, the stepless speed change, the impact load the electric current is smaller and the high efficiency. Raises the tunneling machine use factor to be able to reduce the operating time. General tunneling machine use factor in 40% to 50% between. The correlation work like inspection, replaces the cutting tool, the tunneling machine repair, the maintenance, replacement cutting tool consumes when are most, approximately composes 11%. The great size high grade knife circle period of revolution is long but less replacements, can sharpen the tunneling machine ability and the use factor. Improves the cutting tool to install the pattern also to be able to reduce replaces the cutting tool the time. May reduce the operating personnel through the improvement tunneling machine system design, like the enhancement automaticity, uses the continual belt fastener and so on. Uses the continual belt fastener the advantage to lie in does not use the establishment track intersection, only needs a few powers smaller locomotive, reduces in the tunnel the volume of traffic and supports stops up the degree, reduces to the fresh air demand quantity, enlarges is cut by broken glass the ability, raises the tunneling machine use factor. In the tunnel construction cost another one major part is the equipment and consumption goodsexpense. Construct the low cost high grade tunneling machine through the standardized procedure and the nimble manufacture strategy on the possibility, for example reduces the cost of labor in the global scope synthesis and reduces the exchange rate the superiority. 2 Founds Chinese the tunnel tunneling machine industry Along with the Chinese economy high speed development, domestic is more and more intense to the tunnel tunneling machine demand. In order to reduce the cost, in order to own need to develop and the future will export, developed the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industry already to be imminent. 3.1 Robins tunnel tunneling machine in China 1992, after the Robins company successively and the Chinese 20 companies cooperative production tunnel tunneling machine part, has completed the tunneling machine general equipment department, makes the entire wrap tunneling machine necessary system. In these companies has: State-operated Huai Nan coal mine machine factory, Shanghai metallurgy machine shop, Guangzhou heavy machinery and equipment plant, Taiyuan heavy machinery and equipment plant, Shanghai tunnel machine shop, double group company and so on. Robins also will send the package with the tunneling machine correlation product to operate privately for Chinas some with the privately operated enterprise. The Robins company or the Shanghai abundant peaceful gram machinery limited nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 5 companys control stock shareholders, the Shanghai abundant peaceful gram has engineer which trains after Robins, provides the outstanding technical support and the quality control for the Robins company in Chinas ordering. Robins not only exports to China extremely has the competitive ability the tunneling machine, moreover also uses the partial structural elements and the part which China produces in the Chinese general equipment department tunneling machine. In under Robinss direct instruction and the quality control, the majority cooperation project extremely is all successful. Robins also entrusts the Chinese manufacturer like Sichuan Deyang the double group company to make uses in the overseas Robins tunneling machine spare part. In 2000 the Robins company the CMC Corporations request, is inspected in the Shanxi Taiyuan and rebuilds double to protect the shield Robins hard crag tunneling machine, this tunneling machine uses in to direct the yellow project five symbol. Rebuilds the work to fulfill or finish ahead of schedule, undertakes the tunneling by CMC Corporation to progress extremely is also smooth, most Gao Richeng hole 113. 21m, has created the new world record. 3.2 Establishes the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industry several suggestions (1) To establish the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industry the favourable factor and the disadvantage factor favourable factor: Fast growth economy and giant market potential; The labor force cost and the overhead charge are lower; Good labor force quality and manufacturing capacity resources; Saves the cartage expense; The date of delivery is short; Good prepares the fitting supply; Provides the scene service. Disadvantage factor: The project fund is insufficient; Lacks the international market information; Lacks the technical information; Lacks the modern project management the knowledge; Temporarily does not have