隧道掘进机概况及管片受力的有限元分析机械毕业设计.doc
机械毕业设计146隧道掘进机概况及管片受力的有限元分析
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机械毕业设计146隧道掘进机概况及管片受力的有限元分析,机械毕业设计论文
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邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 毕业设计（论文） 课 题 名 称 隧道掘进机 概况及管片 受力的有限元分析 学 生 姓 名 学 号 院（系）、专业 指 导 教 师 职 称 讲 师 2006年 5 月 30 日 nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 摘 要 我国是一个人口众多且多山的国家，经济发展不平衡，要想完成东西南北市场的大流通，由于受大山阻隔，地形条件限制，筑路难度大，要修建长、大隧道；再者大城市的发展迅速，为了解决地面交通拥挤的问题都会优先考虑发展地下交通；此外，公路建设、水利建设等都需要开凿大量隧道。目前我国已将交通、能源、水利等基础设施放在经济发展的主导地位，在大力兴建铁路、公路、水利设施和地铁，如西部大开发已实施的青藏铁路和西气东送及南水北调等工程。 在资源和环境问题日趋严峻的情况下，世界各国都日益重视地下空间的开发利用。人们普遍认为： “ 19 世纪是桥梁的世纪， 20 世纪是高层建筑的世纪， 21 世纪则是地下空间的世纪”。号召人们“往深处想”，把地下空间当成一种新型的国土资源，并在总体上称之为“地下产业”（ Underground Industry）。 因此隧道掘进设备在我国的应用和发展前景非常广阔。 本文首先介绍了隧道掘进机的研究与应用及隧道掘进机的种类。其实对 TBM在装配与受力进行了有限元分析，阐述了隧道用管片衬砌结构尺寸的基本参数及设计要求，对 TBM 衬砌管片在管片拼装机械提升过程中的受力及滑动进行了有限元分析，以确定保证管片在装配过程中的 定位精度。讨论了隧道掘进机盾构工程管片在推进时的受力分析；利用有限元分析建立其力学模型，并通过计算，论证了盾构工程管片在推进时的强度足够。同时也讨论了隧道掘进机管片衬砌的受力和各种载荷的计算方法；利用有限元分析建立其力学模型，并通过计算，论证了管片衬砌的强度足够。最后，介绍了 TBM 在我国发展的必要性和优越性及其最新发展情况，隧道掘进机是一种专门用于地下隧道工程开挖的高科技施工装备，它具有开挖快、优质、安全、经济及有利于环境保护和降低劳动强度的优点。我国幅员辽阔，地质结构复杂，在地下空间开发有极其广阔的市场， 随着我国加大基础建设的投资和开发，发展交通和城市基础建设是关键的。交通建设和城市基础建设也就是铁路和公路的建设以及城市的地铁建设和引水、排水工程。在这些建设中都加大了隧洞的建设，因此在将来一段时间内，隧道工程的建设将是大量的。开发 隧道掘进技术和成套装备势在必行。 （注： TBM 为隧道掘进机的英文缩写） 关键词：隧道掘进机；有限元；质量控制；地质技术 nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） Finite Elements Anlysis TBM When itserected Byetecting Rbot and Stress Abstract Our country is large population and the multi- mountains country, the economical development is not balanced, must want to complete the thing north and south market the big circulation, because is cut off the mountain, the topographical condition limit, the road building difficulty is big, must construct, the big tunnel long; Furthermore the big city development is rapid, in order to solve the ground traffic congestion problem to be able first to consider the development underground traffic; In addition, the highway construction, the water conservancy facility and so on all need to open cutting the massive tunnels. At present our country infrastructure and so on the transportation, energy, water conservation has put on the economical development dominant position, in vigorously constructs the railroad, the road, the water conservancy facilities and the subway, like west the big development has implemented the Qinghai and Xizang railroad and west east was mad delivers and project and so on northward rerouting of southern river. In the resources and in the environment question stern situation, The people generally thought that, 19th century are the bridge centuries, 20th century are the high-rise construction centuries, the 21st century are the underground spatial century. Summoned the people think toward the deep place, regards as the underground space one kind of new national territory resources, and calls it the underground industry (Underground Industry) in the overall. Therefore the tunnel tunneling equipment is extremely broad in our country application and the prospects for development. This article first introduced tunnel tunneling machine research and application and the tunnel tunneling machine type. Actually has carried on the finite element analysis to TBM in the assembly and the stress, elaborated the tunnel with tubing sheet material the lining work structure size basic parameter and the design request, tubing sheet material and skidded to the TBM lining work in tubing sheet material the assembling machinery promotion process stress has carried on the finite element analysis, determined the guarantee tubing sheet material in the assembly process nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） pointing accuracy. Discussed the tunnel tunneling machine shield project tubing sheet material in the advancement time stress analysis; Establishes its mechanics model using the finite element analysis, and through the computation, proved the shield project tubing sheet material to be enough in the advancement time intensity. Simultaneously also discussed the tunnel tunneling machine tubing sheet material lining work stress and each load computational method; Establishes its mechanics model using the finite element analysis, and through the computation, proved tubing sheet material the lining work intensity to be enough. Finally, introduced TBM in our country national development and the superiority and its the most recent development situation, the tunnel tunneling machine is one kind specially uses in the high tech construction equipment which the underground tunnel project excavates, it has excavates quick, high quality, safe, is economical and is advantageous and reduces the labor intensity to the environmental protection the merit. Our country vast in territory, the geological structure is complex, has the extremely broad market in the underground spatial development, enlarges the infrastructure along with our country the investment and the development, the development transportation and the city infrastructure is essential. The transportation construction and the city infrastructure also are the railroad and the road construction as well as the city subway constructs and pilots, the dewatering excavation. Has all enlarged the tunnel construction in these constructions, therefore in future period of time, the tunneling construction will be massive. Development tunnel tunneling technology and outfit imperative. Key word: Tunnel tunneling machine; Finite element; Quality control; Geological technology nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 目 录 摘要 abstract 前言 1 1 隧道掘进机的研究与应用介绍 2 1.1 国内外研究情况 2 1.2 TBM 施工中的质量控制 3 2 隧道掘进机简介 8 2.1 手掘式和网格挤压式盾构掘进机的应用 8 2.2 土压平衡式盾构机的开发和应用 10 2.3 其它形式 掘进技术的研究和应用 11 3 TBM 在装配与受力时的有限元分析 16 3.1 TBM 盾构工程管片装配时的有限元分析 16 3.2 管片块设计及装配时的有限元分析 19 3.3 TBM 盾构工程管片推进力的有限元分析 25 3.4 TBM 管片衬砌受力的有限元分析 27 4 TBM 在我国发展的必要性和优越性 34 4.1 TBM 在我国发展的必要性 34 4.2 TBM 在我国发展的优越性 35 5 隧道掘进机领域的最新发展情况 36 5.1 地质技术在 TBM 上的应用 36 5.2 现代支撑式掘进机 37 总结 43 致谢 44 参考资料 45 nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 1 Tunnel tunneling machine and China Richard J. Robbins Along with the tunnel tunneling machine success application, the tunneling machine already became the noticeable underground tunnel high-speed driving method in China. How develops Chinas tunnel tunneling machine industry? This question proposes the source is puzzled by many years difficult problem from the Chinese rapid growth city underground construction and important project market request highly effective low consumption project cost this. 1 Tunnel tunneling machine history 1.1 Tunnels tunneling machine and its the type tunnel tunneling machine full title all sections tunnel tunneling machine, mainly have two big types: Opens the type and seal, this article discusses the type tunneling machine with emphasis. (1) So-called opens the type tunnel tunneling machine to open the type tunneling machine is refers to when the cutting does not need to control the working surface the geostatic pressure, the tunneling machine according to leaves is cut by broken glass the system to transport is cut by broken glass the ability tunneling. Opens the type tunneling machine to use in not to need specially to consider the surface sinks place situation. Opens the type tunneling machine design rigidity to be bigger. Is suitable to in hard stratum center the high-speed driving. Opens the type tunneling machine to be allowed to divide into two kinds, namely opens the type host summer beam and protects the shield type. (2) Seal the tunneling machine seal tunneling machine is called the geostatic pressure balance -like tunneling machine (EPB), is through control screw conveyer dismounts the material gate opening, causes tool rest front the cavity pressure and the geostatic pressure is balanced. Because must balance the geostatic pressure, the tunneling machine basis is cut by broken glass the speed which the stone ships out to adjust the tunneling speed to maintain the geostatic pressure, does not disturb or the few perturbation stratum, avoids or reduces the surface the subsidence. The geostatic pressure balance -like tunneling machine usually uses in the soft stratum perhaps the fluid stratum. 1.2 international tunnels tunneling machine development history in 1851 American Engineer Charles Wilson has invented the tunnel tunneling machine, usually was considered is first successfully in the rock the continual tunneling machine. Another famous exploration is Colonel Beaumont the compressed-air drive tunnel tunneling machine which invented in 1881, once used in a English Channel survey tunnel. Hereafter always does not have a more multiple-valued attention the attempt, Robins designed until 1952 has used in South Dakota Oahe the Dam tunnel tunneling machine. This machine diameter is 7. 85m, the cutting partially the part which tool rest and outside tool rest two revolves by in composes. Tool rest on along the radial direction arrangement tungsten carbide truncation tooth, and the parallel arrangement nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 2 may the free rotation circular the hob, the hob slightly be lower than the tungsten carbide truncation tooth. The machine by two 150kW direct motor drive, the equipment gross weight reaches 114t. Although this tunneling machine is not the design in the hard crag the tunneling, it ruler or has achieved 49m in the soft shale. Has replaced 356 truncations teeth and 4 circular hobs in four tunnels tunneling process Chinese Communist Party. Actually, the first successful hard crag tunneling machine is the diameter 3. 28m Robins tunnel tunneling machine, this machine was in 1956 constructs for Canadas Foundation Corporation, used in Toronto Humber the Sewer project, tunneling long approximately 4. 5km, mainly by the sandstone, the shale, contained the tunnel which the quartz the limestone was composed, the rock compressive strength is 5 186MPa. From the 20th century 50s, Robins has until now made several hundred tunnels tunneling machine, the about 300 wraps tunneling machine have dug the 3500km many rocks tunnel, its diameter from 1. 6m to 11. 87m. 1.3 Chinese tunnel tunneling machine development history along with overseas widely applies the tunnel tunneling machine, the 20th century at the beginning of 70s the tunneling machine starts to appear in China. Governments each department like coal department, Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power and the war industry department all designs, makes and has used many tunnels tunneling machine. From the 20th century 70s to the 80s, Chinas each department has at least constructed 20 tunnels tunneling machine, coal department has only constructed 12 tunnels tunneling machine. The worth noting is the ruler only has 250m in these tunneling machine most Gao Yuejin, moreover most units have not put into the use. The 1980s later period start, along with Chinas reform and open policy, in the most situations purchase the overseas tunneling machine by the overseas construction contractor perhaps the China general contractor to undertake the China engineering construction project. Table 1 is these projects surveys. Should point out that, in the above project the most projects which constructs by the Chinese company therefore the tunneling speed is lower, is geological, the management and other conditions synthesis influences. 1 Tunnels tunneling machine application and the new technology Since 19th century 50s intermediate stages, the tunnel tunneling machine mainly have developed in three directions: Is suitable in a big way to the scale, is hard moreover in the high abradability rock the tunneling; Both is suitable to being stable, has from support protection the strength stratum, and is suitable for the unstable rock stratum; Can economically dig the tunnel. The geological condition and the tunnel design the factor and the request directly will affect the tunneling machine design and the tunnel efficiency, the tunneling machine manufacturer should namely obtain as far as possible the accurate related condition and the request in the plan design earlier period. The good tunnel design adds the very good tunneling machine system to be able again to be successful moreover highly effective completes the tunnel project. 2.1 geologic agents influence tunneling machine design geologic agent includes: The rock intensity and the elasticity coefficient, the rock type and the abradability, the rock integrity or the crevasse situation, the related tunnel inclination angle and the trend, the cover nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 3 rock layer and the in-situ rock stress, the fault area and support protection the time, the water, the gas are mad, periphery the rock layer temperature. In order to overcome in the tunnel the disadvantageous geological condition, the tunneling machine design has equipped below the function: The breech loading type tool rest, tool rest can reverse also the rotational speed variables, the strut strength and the propelling power become the proportion, has the anchor rod drilling machine to realize support protection, has drilling surveys and the note thick liquid in advance. In under the mix stratum condition, should specially pay attention to tool rest the characteristic design, such as: The low porch line scoop, the seal shovel flood gate, the breech loading type hob, ultra digs the ability, the superficial welding anti-friction material, in the design also should specially pay attention to reduces tool rest the exposed part. (1) the tunnel tunneling machine design is been enormous its work tunnel geology condition influence, the tunneling machine manufacturer must consider all obtained the geological data, and carries on the correct design according to most main data. (2) hard and a scale big rock need bigger thrust force by highly effective cuts the rock, this requests the equipment various parts rigidity in a big way, but the system power is also bigger. (3) the different type rock and its the center pellet the matter can affect the hob the choice and tool rest design. (4) more faults perhaps the very short support protection time must use protects the shield type tunneling machine, but also possibly needs to prefabricate the tunnel support protection system. 2.2 Tunnels design factor influence tunneling machine design tunnel design factor includes: The tunnel trend with the curvature, the inclination angle, the rock support protection request, the note thick liquid, drilling, the tunnel allowance error, the geostatic pressure limit, can use in advance to assemble and the work region, the environment request and the tunnel tunneling work plan. For instance in the tunnel which inclines the work, must specially consider the tunneling machine host actuation system, the hydraulic system, the lubrication and the leather belt transportation system. 2.3 Cost controls make the tunnel in the hard crag, most importantly both smooth and is safe, and must suitably control the cost. Was opposite to the traditional hard crag tunnel excavation method, the tunnel tunneling machine has provided one kind of highly effective low consumption choice, in particular to large diameter and long distance tunnel. The use tunneling machine digging hard crag tunnel, its cost mainly by the labor force, the equipment expense and consumption goods is composed. The labor charge control has two tremendous influences factors, namely tunneling time and work population. Any on the one hand saves namely meant the labor charge reducing, each factor can receive other aspects the influence. The reduced tunneling time can correspondingly reduce the tunneling to enter the ruler, to reduce the tunneling speed and the tunneling machine use factor. Work population including tunneling staff and rear service personnel, administrative personnel and serviceman. Along with in the last few years the hob and places the knife the place the manufacture technology development, already could produce has nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 4 the high grade knife circle the force hob, enabled the higher tunneling speed possibly to become. Another reduced tunneling time consideration speeds up the tunneling speed, namely enhancement tool rest velocity of whirl. But enhances the rotational speed to be restrained the tunneling machine vibration, is cut by broken glass the system the ability and the hob temperature limit. In recent years, appeared has used in the tunneling machine reliable frequency conversion drive (VFD), enabled us to be allowed to choose is suitable tool rest the rotational speed. The frequency conversion drive merit lies in under the high starting torque, the basic frequency next 100% torque, the stepless speed change, the impact load the electric current is smaller and the high efficiency. Raises the tunneling machine use factor to be able to reduce the operating time. General tunneling machine use factor in 40% to 50% between. The correlation work like inspection, replaces the cutting tool, the tunneling machine repair, the maintenance, replacement cutting tool consumes when are most, approximately composes 11%. The great size high grade knife circle period of revolution is long but less replacements, can sharpen the tunneling machine ability and the use factor. Improves the cutting tool to install the pattern also to be able to reduce replaces the cutting tool the time. May reduce the operating personnel through the improvement tunneling machine system design, like the enhancement automaticity, uses the continual belt fastener and so on. Uses the continual belt fastener the advantage to lie in does not use the establishment track intersection, only needs a few powers smaller locomotive, reduces in the tunnel the volume of traffic and supports stops up the degree, reduces to the fresh air demand quantity, enlarges is cut by broken glass the ability, raises the tunneling machine use factor. In the tunnel construction cost another one major part is the equipment and consumption goodsexpense. Construct the low cost high grade tunneling machine through the standardized procedure and the nimble manufacture strategy on the possibility, for example reduces the cost of labor in the global scope synthesis and reduces the exchange rate the superiority. 2 Founds Chinese the tunnel tunneling machine industry Along with the Chinese economy high speed development, domestic is more and more intense to the tunnel tunneling machine demand. In order to reduce the cost, in order to own need to develop and the future will export, developed the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industry already to be imminent. 3.1 Robins tunnel tunneling machine in China 1992, after the Robins company successively and the Chinese 20 companies cooperative production tunnel tunneling machine part, has completed the tunneling machine general equipment department, makes the entire wrap tunneling machine necessary system. In these companies has: State-operated Huai Nan coal mine machine factory, Shanghai metallurgy machine shop, Guangzhou heavy machinery and equipment plant, Taiyuan heavy machinery and equipment plant, Shanghai tunnel machine shop, double group company and so on. Robins also will send the package with the tunneling machine correlation product to operate privately for Chinas some with the privately operated enterprise. The Robins company or the Shanghai abundant peaceful gram machinery limited nts邵阳学院毕业设计（论文） 5 companys control stock shareholders, the Shanghai abundant peaceful gram has engineer which trains after Robins, provides the outstanding technical support and the quality control for the Robins company in Chinas ordering. Robins not only exports to China extremely has the competitive ability the tunneling machine, moreover also uses the partial structural elements and the part which China produces in the Chinese general equipment department tunneling machine. In under Robinss direct instruction and the quality control, the majority cooperation project extremely is all successful. Robins also entrusts the Chinese manufacturer like Sichuan Deyang the double group company to make uses in the overseas Robins tunneling machine spare part. In 2000 the Robins company the CMC Corporations request, is inspected in the Shanxi Taiyuan and rebuilds double to protect the shield Robins hard crag tunneling machine, this tunneling machine uses in to direct the yellow project five symbol. Rebuilds the work to fulfill or finish ahead of schedule, undertakes the tunneling by CMC Corporation to progress extremely is also smooth, most Gao Richeng hole 113. 21m, has created the new world record. 3.2 Establishes the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industry several suggestions (1) To establish the Chinese tunnel tunneling machine industr
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