高中英语 短文改错的命题与解题.ppt

2011年高考英语备考 短文改错的命题与解题 nmet短文改错的命题特点1 短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑 i 考察英语的屈折附加成分 以表现英语学科的显著特点 ii 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误 iii 估计考生可能出现的错误 2 用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉 不会象阅读理解那样 发生因题材陌生而丢分 ii 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误1 英语介词和活跃的动词搭配 构成表达法 是nmet短文改错的重要内容2 汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语3 英语中的一致现象 一致包括动词与其主语的一致 称谓的一致 主从句中时态的一致等 4 英语中的平行结构现象 在表达平行概念时 要使用相同的语法结构 平行结构常借助于并列连词and or notonly butalso等 iii 估计考生可能出现的错误1 冗言例1 iamamemberof ourschoolfootballteam wepractise for threetimes everyweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchesontvtogether 例2 wheneveriseethemiwill often thinkofmyenglishteacher 2 and but and or x not go come 转换对于整个句意的逻辑关系造成根本变化 例 shewassmiling but noddingatme iremembered herwordsandcalmeddown and 3 英语句与句 词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词4 定语从句的考查 了解nmet短文改错的命题内容 命题之一 英语的屈折附加成分英语学科显著的特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式 包括英语的屈折附加成分 如 动词的屈折变化 名词复数的屈折变化 代词的屈折变化 比较形容词的屈折变化等 而汉语则无这种变化 1 现在时第三人称单数的屈折变化 thenewboyorgirlinschoolquickly become one oftheclassafterafewgames becomes anyonemayborrowbooks andit cost nothingtoborrowthem costs playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowup tallandstrongbutalso give usasenseoffairplayand teamspirit gives 2 时态的屈折变化 shelikedit verymuchand reads ittoclass allsaidthestorywas agoodone read weweredrivingalonganarrowroadwhenthecar stop working stopped bill is standingatthesideofthecar talkingtotwomenwhowerehelpinghimtorepairit was lastsunday policecars hurry tothetallestbuilding hurried also scientistsanddoctors had learnedhowtodealwithmanydiseases 疾病 have ifthebookyou will wantisout youmayaskforit tobecalledbackforyou ihadalwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingaway andit is reallygreattoseemostofmyold friendsagain was we have agoodtimetalkingandlaughing together had myfavouritesportisfootball i was amemberof ourschoolfootballteam am 2 时态的屈折变化 3 被动语态的屈折变化 afteranhourorsowebegantofeelvery frightening frightened charlesandlindawere seeing nearthetopofthebuilding seen ifthebookyouwantisout youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou andifyoupaythecostofsendingapostcard thelibrarianwillwritetoyou andletyouknowwhenthebookyou wanthas returnedandisreadyforyoutopickup been booksmaybe keep forfourweeks kept 4 动名词的屈折变化soonibegantoenjoy talk tomyselfonpaperasiwas learningto talking charlesandlindamasondoallthesethings aswellas climbed buildings climbing climb ifthebookyouwantisout youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou andifyoupay thecostof send apostcard thelibrarianwill writetoyou sending 5 不定式 iwentbacktogetdavidandhelpedhimto stood up stand theworldhealthorganizationandotherorganizationsareworking improvehealthallovertheworld to ifthebookyouwantisout youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou andifyoupaythecostofsendingapostcard thelibrarianwill writetoyou andletyou to knowwhenthebookyou wanthasbeenreturnedandisreadyforyoutopickup ihadalways wanted returntothevillageaftermovingaway anditwasreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain to i dliketo yourpenfriend andgetto knowmoreaboutyourcountry be become 6 名词复数的屈折变化 differentpeoplespeakdifferent language languages westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksome waters fromastream water wehavebeentoeuropemany time times therearebranch library inmanyvillages libraries ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitus some times soon time 8 比较形容词的屈折变化 policecarshurriedtothe taller building innewyork tallest asaresult peopleinthemodernworld generallylivemuch more longerthanpeopleinthepast peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpecttolivefor twice so longaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsago as insomeplacesyoumayborrow manybooksasyouwant as 命题之二 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误 1 英语介词远比汉语介词活跃这一特性 介词常和活跃的动词搭配 构成表达法 是nmet短文改错的重要内容 peopleindifferentparts in theworldlearntounderstandoneanotherthroughsports of peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldlearntounderstandone with anotherthroughsports suddenlywecaughtsight at acarandsomemen of whenihavefreetimeigo alongwalk for whentheycamedownthepolicewereangry to them with mostpeoplecanquicklyget for helpfromadoctororgotoahospitaliftheyareill newly publishednovelsarealwaysingreatdemand andsomebooks forexample books for history science cookingandgardeningarealsopopular on i was amemberof ourschoolfootballteam wepractise for threetimes everyweekandoftenwatchfootball match ontvtogether wemustkeepinmindthatweplay fortheteaminstead ourselves also thesport teachesustheimportanceofobedience服从 of 2 汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语这一特性 考生在使用英语冠词方面常常缺乏良好的意识和习惯79 nmet2003myteacheradvisedmetokeep my diary ifollowedher adviceand my a onedoesnotneedtounderstandthelanguageof other the somepeopleread the booksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports goodhealthis person smostvaluablepossession a modernpeopleknowmoreabout the health havebetterfood andliveincleanersurroundings thereis publiclibraryineverytowninbritain a maybeyoucouldcomeduring a winter holidays the todayivisitedthesmiths myfirstvisit to a americanfamily an each playermustobey captain whoistheleaderof theteam the thedaybeforethespeechcontest 比赛 englishteacher talkedtome my 3 忽视英语中的一致现象 一致包括动词与其主语的一致 称谓的一致 主从句中时态的一致等 differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguages butsportshavealanguageof its own their thegamespeaksfor themselves itself thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomes oneoftheclassafter fewgames a thenewboyorgirlinschoolquickly become oneoftheclassafterafewgames becomes talkingtotwomenwho was helpinghimtorepairit were today itismucheasiertobehealthythan it is inthepast was thesmithsdid his besttomakemefeel athome their theteam and they mustnotbreaktherulestoo oftenifwewanttowinthegame we ididagoodjobandwonthefirst prize nowmypictureandtheprize is hanginginthelibrary are 4 忽视英语中的平行结构现象 在表达平行概念时 要使用相同的语法结构 即动词与动词相配 其时态及其形式应一致 形容词与形容词相配 要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用 即原级形容词与原级形容词相配 比较级形容词与比较级形容词相配 最高级形容词与最高级形容词相配 分词语与分词相配 不定式与不定式相配 短语与短语相配 平行结构常借助于并列连词and or等 80 nmet2003 ifollowedher adviceand should putdown100wordsorsoeachday 去掉should84 nmet2003 shelikedit verymuchand reads ittoclass allsaidthestorywas agoodone reads read hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrived ratherthangointotheforestand getting lost get modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth have betterfood and to liveincleanersurroundings anyonemayborrowbooks andit cost nothingtoborrowthem costs ifthebookyouwantisout youmayaskforit tobecalledbackforyou and whether youpay thecostofsendingapostcard thelibrarianwillwrite if itwasverykindofthemtomeetme attherailwaystationand drove metotheirhome drive playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowup tallandstrongbutalso give usasenseoffairplayand teamspirit gives iwasoften alittletiredafteraday sworkand watch tv demandsverylittleeffort watching iremembered herwordsand calm down ididagoodjobandwonthefirst prize calmed 命题之三 估计考生可能出现的错误 1 冗言 iranintomany difficulties themainproblemwas in thatialwaysthought inchineseand wasinthat wasthat asaresult peopleinthemodernworld generallylivemuch more longerthanpeopleinthepast mostpeoplecanquicklyget for helpfromadoctororgotoahospitaliftheyareill ineverknew about aridedown arivercouldbesoexciting that ineverknewaridedown arivercouldbeso much exciting ialsoenjoyedthe evenings when wespenttogether ihopethat both youtwocouldcomeandvisitus todayivisitedthesmiths myfirst time visit toanamericanfamily infact theyareplanningtovisitchina in nextyear first letmetellyousomething more aboutmyself i was amemberof ourschoolfootballteam wepractise for threetimes everyweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchesontvtogether 11 wheneveriseethemiwill often thinkofmyenglishteacher 2 and but and or x not go come对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成根本变化 ialwaysthought inchineseandtriedtotranslate anything intoenglish anything everything afootballplayerfromjapancan not playwith aplayerfromengland thenewpersononthejobfeelsbetterafter he and shehasplayedtenniswithother peopleintheoffice or wetriedtofixit and therewasnothing wecoulddo but therefore therearestillsomecountrieswhere peoplehaveshorterlives however unclebenwillalso go backforce 以写信人所在地为中心 使用 come 以避免句子产生歧义 shewassmiling but noddingatme iremembered herwordsandcalmeddown and 4 nmet短文改错重视对定语从句的考查 people donotknoweachotheroftenbecomefriendsaftertheyhaveplayedtogether who that however davidandididnotagreeanddavidpointedtoapathwhich it hethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage inthelastfiveyears that theyhaveclimbedchurches highbuildingandtelevisiontowers however therearestillsomecountries there peoplehaveshorterlives where insomeplacesyoumayborrowasmanybooksasyouwant inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertain number of that somemaybenovels which mynameislihua iliveinbeijing where isthe capitalofchina which nmet短文改错的解题 whatshouldyoudowhenyourparentsbecomeangry 1 点评 多年来nmet短文改错一般考虑在文章首行的后半部命题 但近年nmet命题在文章的首行出现正确句答案 应引起关注 需要指出的是首行第1个动词的时态一般不会有误 其形式表明该段文章 时态的基准点 建议在此句中留意动词 become 的时态 ifyourparents got mad trytohaveaconversationwiththem aboutit get点评 nmet短文改错重视对动词时态的屈折变化的考查 andwilldoalltheycantomakesure thatigetagoodeducation they did notwantme todoanyworkathome do重要提示 动词时态由现在时错误地 跳 到过去时或反之 是该题型最重要的命题考虑之一 ifyourparentsgetmad trytohaveaconversationwiththem aboutit remembering nottoshoutatthem theyusuallyremember willtrytochange 点评 remembering若不是用作现在分词短语作状语 就应考虑将其 ing 去掉 而改为祈使句用法 句或句式的准确性是解题应该留意的内容 其中关注标点符号 包括逗号 句号出现的场合和时机是十分必要的 theyusually willtrytochange but they willtakesometimebecauseit theygetangryalltheirlife andthatisalltheyknow 点评 该题涉及对代词的指代对象准确性的考查 是该题型重要的命题考虑之一 如nmet98 eachplayermustobeythecaptain whoistheleaderof theteam and they mustnotbreaktherulestoo oftenifwewanttowinthegame we butitwilltakesometimebecause theygetangryalltheir life andthatisalltheyknow youlives mighthavetochangeforyourmethodacoupleoftimes 点评 life 用作不可数名词 意为 人生 生活 生存 life 用作可数名词 意为 一生 终生 例 theyhaveverybusylives 他们终生忙碌 该题涉及到对名词单复数判断的考查 此考点是该题型最常见的命题现象 theywantmetodevoteallmytimeto mystudiessothati llgetgoodmarksinallmy sub