新概念三Lesson 37笔记.doc

Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express一、单词讲解 New words and expressions1.express n.快车；a.高速的adj. going or sent quicklyexpress train 高速列车express coach 长途汽车express service 快车express post 快件express mail 快件express delivery 快递express company 快递公司express way 高速公路 express lane 快车道，高速公路bullet train 高速列车stopping/local train慢车special express特快through express 直快scud missile 飞毛腿导弹2. Punctual a. 准时的( = neither early nor late )Be punctual in doing sth在做。事方面相当准时-In the modern society, we must be punctual in what we are doing . Be punctual to the minute 非常的准时-He is a man who is punctual to the minute. 副词：Punctually反义词：Unpunctual名词：Punctuality 3.condition v.1) (专业或贬义)训练，使有反应condition to do sth习惯做某事eg. The animals are conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell. 动物被训练得习惯一听到铃声就想吃食物。 Be conditioned toeg. People are conditioned by the society they live in. 人们都习惯于适应所生活的社会空间。-Each one of us has been conditioned to society.-the plants have been conditioned to the cold weather here. ( plant 做主语) -The cold weather has conditioned the plants here. (cold weather 做主语) 2) to control or decide 决定，取决eg. The amount of money I spend is conditioned by the amount I earn. 我花多少钱要看我收入多少而定。3）使习惯于(=Form a habit in)-Society has conditioned each one of us. 这个社会已经使我们大家都适应了。n.情况，状态，条件in good /bad condition情况良好(不好)in awful condition eg. The old car is still in good condition.in condition 健康状况好out of condition 健康状况不好on condition that在条件下如果on no condition在任何情况下都不 (用在句首句子必须采用倒装)-On no condition must you be late. 在任何情况下都不能迟到。 on no condition/in no state 决不可eg. On no condition can a train be late.change ones condition 结婚in the interesting condition 怀孕=pregnantadapt v.渐渐适应adapt toeg. It is hard for a person who lives in northern countries to adopt to octopus. 对于一个生活在北部国家的人来说是很难适应章鱼的味道。adapt for 改编，改作（他用）eg. The original has been adapted for a soap opera. 原著被改编成了一部肥皂剧。eg. An old house was adapted for a garage. 一间旧房子被改成了车库。adjust v. 调整，校准，以适应 to make small changes especially to its position to make it more effectiveeg. My eyes havent adjusted to the dark yet. eg. The desks and seats must be adjusted to the height of any child. 桌椅必须调整以适应孩子们得高度。 settle in/settle into 适应，融入新环境 to become used to a new home, job, surroundingseg. It took me 3 weeks to settle into life at college.learn to do sth 学会了，明白了，渐渐适应 to gradually understand a situation and start behaving in the way that people expect you to behaveeg. He learnt to depend on himself after his parents left him.4. faith n.信任=strong belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心keep faith with sb 对某人守信用put ones faith in sth对有信心on the faith of 在保证下，凭信用词汇比较：faith 深信不疑，信仰(比belief 程度更重一些)belief 可信赖，可接受 conviction坚定的信念 trust 相信，依赖credit 完全相信 -I have full credit in your ability to do this job. 5.cancel v.取消 to stop sth. planned from happening-we have to cancel the appointment.词汇比较：Call off 取消，解除 (可以替换cancel)Abolish 废除 -The law was abolished.Rescind 撤销，废止,比abolish正式Write off 注销，勾销 -Write off the name. 注销这个名字。Cross out 划掉 -The word here is useless, please cross it out.cancel an appointmentcancel a meeting=call offcall off a football matchabolish v. 废除 to officially end a law, system especially one that has existed for a long timeabolish racial segregation 废除种族隔离deprive sb of sth 剥夺，取消，丧失eg. The criminal was deprived of his political rights.eg. The kid was deprived of parents in a train accident.6.dislocate v.1) to spoil a plan, system, service etc., so that it cannot work normallydislocate a plan 打乱计划dislocate a system dislocate service put a plan out of order 打乱一个计划dislocate business 破坏生意dislocate machinery 2)to put a bone out of place 使关节脱臼eg. He fell from his horse and dislocated his collar bone. 他从马上跌下而使锁骨脱臼了。7.consult见1) to ask sb. for information or advice as a professional who is supposed to know about it请教，征求意consult his doctor 找医生诊治consult a dictionary 查字典consult a map 查地图2) to ask for someones permission or to discuss sth. with someone so that you can make a decision togetherconsult with 和商议eg. Ill consult with my parents before I make a decision.8.direct adv. 直接，径直 without stopping or changing direction or without dealing with anyone else firstfly direct to Chicago 直飞芝加哥contact the manager direct 直接与经理联系eg. Its usually cheaper to buy the goods direct from the wholesaler.directly 笔直地，直率地，直截了当地speak directlyask directlyanswer directlyeg. She seems to have something on her mind, but wouldnt speak directly.high adv. fly highhighly adv. speak highly of sb 对某人评价特别的高deep adv. dig deep into the earthdeeply adv. move sb deeply 深深地震撼或打动了某人9. reflect vt细想，深思熟虑=consider carefullyReflect on sth -Hes reflecting on his idea.Reflect upon oneself 反省 -Sometimes we need reflect upon ourselves.第二种意思： 反射 -She looks at herself reflected in the water.8.advantage n.优势，长处take advantage of sth 利用某事 -We must take advantage of what we can use.eg. I took advantage of the good weather to paint the house. 我利用了好天气把房屋粉刷了。take advantage of sb 欺骗某人并利用，作弄eg. Dont try to take advantage of me, I see what you are up to.have an advantage over 优于，胜过，比优秀eg. In terms of working experience, I have an advantage over him.give an advantage over （使某人）在方面比较有利eg. His university education gave him an advantage over those who had never been to college. 大学教育使他较之那些没有上过大学的人有着种种优势。turn sth to advantage 使发挥作用，充分利用eg. In seeking a good job, we should turn English to advantage.在找一份好工作的过程中，我们要充分发挥英语的优势。Of great/no advantage to sb/sth对。大有益处/毫无益处-Smoking is of no advantage to you.To advantage 更有效地-You should use the money to advantage.To ones advantage =to the advantage of sb 对某人有利词汇比较：Interest 个人的利益，好处-Its to your interest to give up smokingBenefit通过正当手段谋求的好处-Doing exercises will benefit us a lot.Profit金钱上的获利Good个人或集体的利益9.mighty adj.very strong and powerfulthe Mighty King Kang Xi 康熙大帝mighty nation 强大的民族super power 超级大国high and mighty 自高自大eg. People invariably hold those who are high and mighty in despise.hold sth in despise 蔑视非常eg. Im mighty fine and dandy.eg. Might is right. 胜者为王，败者为寇10.lodge v. to make a formal or official complaint, protest 正式提出投诉，抗议，上诉 officially ，比make 更正式Make/lodge complaint提出抱怨lodge a complaint 提出投诉lodge a protest 提出抗议lodge an appeal 提出上诉lodge against sth with sb 就向提出eg. Some parents lodged a complaint with the headmaster against one of the teachers. 家长们就一位教师向校长提出投诉。eg. The criminal lodged an appeal against the sentence. 罪犯不服判决而提出上诉。charge v.charge sb with sth 指控犯有罪eg. He was charged with forgery and theft.他被指控犯有伪造和偷窃罪。charge sb + money for sth 对收费eg. I was charged $20 for a hairdo!accuse sb of sth 指责别人犯有错或罪eg. They accused the police of brutality.他们指责警察乱施暴行。eg. Dimitri immediately went to Alkos house and angrily accused him of stealing the plain of sth to sb 抱怨指责别人作了什么eg. Several people complained of cat-like noisesat night.eg. She complained to me of her husbands indifference. 她向我抱怨她的丈夫的冷漠。indict v.起诉，控诉，以罪被起诉indict sb for sth 以罪名起诉某人eg. He was indicted for fraud. 他被起诉犯有诈骗罪。sue v.控诉，起诉，提出索赔eg. He sued the other driver in the crash for $3000 damages. 他向车祸中的肇事司机提出3000英镑的赔款。lodge n.乡下的茅屋和茅舍hut n.小屋a wooden hut 小木屋cabin n. 森林或山中的小木屋shed n. 小木屋shanty n. 简陋房屋shack n. 简陋房屋shanty and shack project 平房改造工程12.triumph n. an important victory or success especially after a different strugglea triumph of design 伟大的设计a brave mans triumph over adversity 一位勇敢战胜不幸的伟大胜利victory： the success you achieve by winning a battle, game or racewin a victory 取得比赛胜利sweep to victory 所向披靡success: sth as a good result or effect, the gaining of what is aimed at make a success of sth 把一件事情做成功11.asterisk n. a mark like a starastro- 星，太空(相关)astronaut 宇航员astronomer 天文学家/star gazer (比较诙谐一点的说法)二、课文讲解We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.topic sentence我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。语言点:句子结构分析:that引导宾语从句，说明expect的内容。这是文章中的第一句话，大家一定要牢记它，并掌握这个句子的主干：have learnt to expect that 已经习惯于期待-We have learnt to expect that all friends will be helpful in need of danger. -We have learnt to expect that parents are quite able, after years of pre-conditioning all of us have developed such unshakable faith. 我们已经习惯于期待父母总是能干的，经过多年的适应，我们每个人都已经养成了这样一个不可动摇的信念。After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。语言点1:句子结构分析:afteryearsofconditioning放在句首，强调时间之长。介词of 后接动名词形式，意为：经过多年的适应.语言点2:condition表示“使习惯于”，我们常使用短语beconditionedto(习惯)语言点3:develop an unshakable faith in 对产生不可动摇的信心-Most of us have developed an unshakable faith in our teachers.put ones faith in 相信，信任/have ones faith ineg. My parents put good faith in me, and on no condition can I let them down.lose faith in/destroy faith in/take away faith in 对不再信任，失去信任eg. The public has quite lost faith in the government after it failed to keep its promise of tax reduction.在政府没能履行减税的诺言之后，公众对其日益丧失了信心。develop eg. James has developed into a charming young man.eg. Exercises will develop your muscles.develop interest in sth 对慢慢培养出了兴趣develop a cold 患了感冒develop a cough得了咳嗽develop cancer 得了癌症develop films 冲胶卷most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.timetable 时刻表table: a list of numbers arranged in rows acrossperiodic table 元素周期表chart n. 图表bar chart 条形图pie chart 圆盘图weather chart 天气图sales chart 销售曲线图flow chart 流量图graph n. 关系图，相关曲线图 line to show how two or more sets of measurements are related to each otherdiagram n. a drawing picture that shows where sth is , what sth looks like or how sth worksdiagram of the human body 人体解剖图Ships may be delayed by storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. 轮船船期可能因风暴而推延，飞机航班可能因恶劣天气而取消，唯有火车必然是准点的。语言点:句子结构分析:这是一个非常有力的排比句，需要我们用心去体会。delay 延期/hold up block up在狭长的部位或空间不畅通了 to prevent other things from moving through a narrow spaceeg. My truck is blocking up the road. 我的卡车堵在路上了。eg. My nose is blocked up with this cold. 我的鼻子因感冒而不透气了。impede v. 妨碍，阻碍 to prevent sth from happening in the normal away, or make it happen more slowlyeg. Storms at sea impeded our journey. 海上风暴阻碍了我们的行程。 ships may,flights may，but trains must 排比句eg. Tramps may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally, he may even, in times of real need, do a little work, but he will never sacrifice his freedom.On time = punctual a. 准时的Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.只有那种特别大的暴风雪才有可能暂时打乱铁路计划。Exceptionally = unusual / uncommonly 不同寻常的，特别的(用于加强语气) Dislocate railway services = put railway services out of order It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.因此，一旦铁路上真出了问题，人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。语言点:句子结构分析:it是形式主语，真正的主语是toblametherailwayauthorities。It is all too easy to blame sth is easy to do or happen, often when it should noteg. It is all too easy to give up dreams when something difficult does occur. 当困难出现时，很轻易就会放弃梦想。eg. It is all too easy to blame the kids when something does go wrong.When something does go wrong. 当事情出现差错时It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities. 我们总是去责备铁路当局。Too . to 结构中，在too之前出现了all, only, but, not等词时，to 后的从句就有肯定意义。-He is but too eager to get home. 他太急于要回家了。-One is never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。-Im all/but too glad to have someone to speak to.The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.ours/theirs 均为斜体，表示需要重读事实上，很可能是我们自己犯下的错误而不是铁路当局的。语言点1:句子结构分析:that引导表语从句，交代truth是什么。Ours = our mistakes. Theirs = their mistakes.语言点2:句型：be likely to do 有可能-He is likely to arrive tomorrow evening.-You are likely to get success if you work hard.与likely(有可能的) 有关的句型：1. be likely to do 2. It is likely that -It is likely that he arrives here in time. 他及到达这里是有可能的。词汇比较：1. probable 与likely 意思相通，但是不能与不定式形式搭配。可以用：It is probable that -It is probable that he arrives here in time. probable 表示的可能性比possible 表示的可能性要大，与likely基本相同。2.possible 表示可能发生或可能不发生，也可以用句型：It is possible that -It is possible/probable that he will speak to you.-It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.After consulting my railway time-table, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.我查看了列车时刻表，满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温的快车。语言点:句子结构分析:这又是一个“After consulting 是介词+动名词构成的时间状语，=after I had consulted my timetable.That引导宾语从句，交代noted的内容。I noted with satisfaction thatI was satisfied to note thatTo my satisfaction, there wasIt went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. 这是趟直达车，旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。语言点1:句子结构分析:it指代上一句中的expresstrain。语言点2:last本意是“持续”，在此引申为“乘火车旅行所需的时间是”Go direct from to 从哪儿径直到哪儿。-The train goes direct from shanghai to Beijing.When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well.上车后，我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。语言点1:句子结构分析:when引导时间状语从句，交代上车后发生的事情。That引导宾语从句，说明noticing的内容。语言点2:boardthetrain的意思是“登上火车”。I could not help noticing that a great many local peoplecannot help doing sth 禁不住eg. I could not help watching TV after having dinner.cant/couldnt help but do sth 不能不，忍不住eg. The eccentric is so lovable that you cant help but respect him.eg. When my parents ask me to give them a hand in the kitchen, I cant help but do.cant help sb doing sth 奈何不了某人做某事eg. The parents cant help their son having a host of friends.eg. She sat there silent, staring into the distance and just cant help her tears streaming down her cheeks. 她默默无语的坐在那里，望着远方，任由泪水洒落。a great many local people got on as well.as well 也同样（too）eg. Water is important for animals, it is essential for plants as well.as well也可放于主语之后。eg. My parents contribute a lot to our family, I as well will do what I can.may as well/might as well 还是好，不妨eg. Now that we have made a start, we may as well bring it to an end.At the time, this did not strike me as odd.一开始，我并不感到奇怪。语言点1:句子结构分析:atthattime在此处相当于atthebeginning。语言点2:Strike sb as 给某人以印象，使某人感到-The activity struck me as wasting time. 这次活动给我的印象就是浪费时间。As 后面可以接分词，名词，形容词。strike sb as oddstrike 给人印象，使人感到as old：this 的补足语eg. His death struck us as odd.他的死让我觉得十分蹊跷。eg. The eccentric struck me as being somewhat lacking in humor.I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.我想除我之外，想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。语言点:句子结构分析:that引导宾语从句，交代reflected的内容。Who引导定语从句，修饰people。I reflected : 我想 Besides me = in addition to me 除我之外I reflected that there must be a great many peoplereflect仔细的思考 to think carefully about sthreflect on sth仔细思考某事eg. In fear of being dismissed, I cant help reflecting on my future. 唯恐失业，我不禁思索我的未来了。ponder v. 考虑，思考ponder on/ponder overeg. Many adults ponder on their state of marriage. dwell on/dwell upon长时间地仔细思考 to think too long about somethingeg. Dont dwell on the past, try and be more positive.meditate v.沉思 to think seriously and deeply about stheg. She sat quietly, meditating on her past.muse v. 沉思 Muse is the daughter of Zeus who is in charge of art and literature.Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.火车开出几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此，我不觉得奇怪。语言点1:句子结构分析:neither放在句首，句子要部分倒装，故neither后面写作wasIsurprised。Neither was I surprised when the train stopped 当要说的某人，某事，或某种情况与前面提到的相同，且均为否定含义时，要用neither 引导这个句子。eg. She didnt believe a word he said and neither did I.AShe cant understand his lecture.B. No more can I!A. I dont like horror movies.B. Me either.语言点2:atinystationafewmilesalongtheline是Widley的同位语，起解释说明的作用。Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. 因为即便是特别快车也可能被信号拦住。语言点:句子结构分析:canbeheldupbysignals是典型的被动语态的用法。Hold up = hold back / hinder / prevent 妨碍，阻碍But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder.但是，当火车一站接着一站往前蠕动时，我便产生了怀疑。语言点1:dawdle一词在此的用法是夸张修辞格。dawdle v. to take a long time to do sth or go somewheredawdle over 慢吞吞地/磨洋工/怠工eg. He dawdled over his coffee one cup after another.idle v. 无所事事 to spend time doing nothingeg. The boy who was put out of school idled all day.burn day light 浪费大好时光语言点2:stationafterstation的意思是“一站又一站”。语言点3I began to wonder.wonder v./n.纳闷,想知道wonder who/wonder what/wonder how/wonder if/wonder whethereg. I really wonder how he pulls it off to date two girls at the some time. n. (its) no wonder/small wonder/little wonder 难怪eg. No wonder youve got a toothache! You cant help eating so much chocolate.n. do wonders/work wonders创造奇迹eg. Teachers invariably do wonders for students and what they have said can rarely go wrong!seven wonders 世界七大奇观It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.我突然感到这趟快车并没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行，时速仅30英里。语言点:句子结构分析:it指代火车开得慢的事实。Notbut的意思是“不是而是”。It suddenly dawned on me thatdawn on = become gradually known by sb 渐渐的被某人所明白eg. It dawned on the villager that there was somebody else on the farm.clickit clicks with sb 恍然大悟，一下子明白过来了。eg. It clicks with villagers that the ghost is none other than their third brother.n.黎明at dawn/at day breaktwilight （诗歌）黎明，黄昏but barely chugging along at thirtyBarely = only