高二英语第二单元Grammar and usage课件新人教版选修6.ppt

unit2whatishappiness grammarandusage pastandfuturetenses brainstorming whocanmakethestorymoreinteresting thewind hardyesterday ourenglishteacher busy she atseveninthemorningbecauseshe lastweek whileshewas herdaughter she bylastweek pasttenses thesimplepasttense 1 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 时间状语有 yesterday lastweek anhourago theotherday in1980等 eg isawtominthestreetyesterday iboughtthistvsetinbeijinglastyear 2 表示在过去一段时间内 经常性或习惯性的动作 eg wheniwasachild ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet healwayswenttoworkbybus 3 一般过去时还可用于虚拟语气中的非真实的动作或状态 常用于特定句型中表示现在和将来时间 如 it stimeyouhadaholiday iwishyoulivedclosertous ifonlyhedidn tdrivesofast ifihadthemoney i dbuyacar canismokehere i dratheryoudidn t ifiwereabird iwouldflytobeijing ifhewereherenow wecouldturntohimforhelp 我在这个初中上了两年 现在已经高中 iinthisschoolfortwoyears astudiedbhavestudied 一般过去时和一般现在时和现在完成时的区别eg heisachemist 尚健在 hewasachemist 生前 已去世 itwasnicetomeetyou 见面后离别时 itisnicetomeetyou 见面时 janedidalotofworkthismorning 话是当天下午或者晚上讲的 janehasdonealotofworkthismorning 话是上午讲的 didyouseethefilm 此片已不在放映 haveyouseenthefilm 此片仍在放映 1 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 常与atthattime thewholemorning alldayyesterday fromninetotenlastevening等连用 eg whatwashedoingthistimeyesterday in2001shewasstudyinginauniversity thepastcontinuoustense 2 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生 mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation 3 表示按计划安排过去即将发生的动作hetoldmehewasleavingsoon tenofthemwerecomingformeeting 4 表示委婉语气 只限于want hope wander等动词 用以提出请求iwaswanderingifyoucouldhelpme iwashopingyoucouldsendmeabook 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 1 过去进行时表示过去反复发生的动作 一般过去时表示只做一次的动作shewaswavingherhand 她不断挥手 shewavedherhand 她挥了挥手 2 leave arrive start die等的过去进行时表示 快要完成 即将 而一般过去时表示 已经完成 thetrainwasstopping 火车快要停了 thetrainstopped 火车停了 1 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态 句中常用by before until when等词引导的时间状语 bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeienteredtheuniversity 2 过去完成时的时间状语before by until when after once assoonas bythetimehewastwelve edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself thepastperfecttense 3 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般过去时 whenthepolicearrived thethieveshadrunaway 3 表示意向的动词 如hope wish expect think intend mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t 4 hope expect thinkwant等词的过去完成时用于比较结构中hedidbetterthanwehadthought 他做的比我们原想的要好 thingswentmoresmoothlythanwehadhoped 事情进展地比我们希望的要顺利 futuretenses 结构 shall will加上动词原形shall用于第一人称 常被will所代替 will在陈述句中用于各人称 在征求意见常用于第二人称 eg whichparagraphshallireadfirst willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening thesimplefuturetense 2 begoingto 不定式 表示将来 a 主语的意图 即将做某事或打算做某事 whatareyougoingtodotomorrow b 计划 安排要发生的事 theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth c 有迹象要发生的事lookatthedarkclouds thereisgoingtobeastorm 3 be 不定式表将来 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 wearetodiscussthereportnextsaturday 4 beaboutto 不定式 意为马上做某事 heisabouttoleaveforbeijing 注意 beaboutto不能与tomorrow nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用 begoingto will的用法之比较 用于条件句时 begoingto表将来 will表意愿 例 ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney you dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror beto和begoingto的用法之比较 beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划 eg iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 客观安排 i mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 主观安排 1 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 如 eg thistimetomorrowishallbeflyingtoguangzhou whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning we llbewatchingtelevisionallevening thefuturecontinuoustense 2 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作 eg we llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual theleaveswillbefallingsoon weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning i llbetakingmyholidayssoon 基本形式 would should 动词原形 其中would用于各种人称 should常用于第一人称 theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory hedidn texpectthatweshould would allbethere thefutureinthepast 过去将来时的一些其它表达形式 1 was were goingto 动词原形hesaidhewasgoingtotry 2 was were to 动词原形theysaidtherailwaywastobeopenedtotrafficonmayday 用法注意点 1 在时间和条件状语从句中 常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时 hesaidhewouldcometoseeyouwhenhehadtime 2 would 动词原形 可表示过去习惯性的动作 不管什么人称 都可用would whenhewasachild hewouldgetupearly 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 与before 将来时间或by 将来时间连用 也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用 例 bytheendofthisweek ishallhavefinishedthebook thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome thefutureperfecttense 注意 使用这种时态时 多会涉及两个动作或状态 一个在前 一个在后 叙述前面的动作或状态 动词要用将来完成时 叙述后面的动作或状态 动词要用一般现在时 wewillhavecompletedtheworkbeforeyoucome wewillhaveplayedballwhenyoucome 或whenyoucome wewillhaveplayedball hesaysthathewillhavegraduatedfromauniversitybeforeyoureturnhome bytheendofthismonth wesurely asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem a havefoundb willbefoundc willhavefoundd arefindingtheconference afullweekbythetimeitends a musthavelastedb willhavelastedc wouldlastd haslasted thefutureperfecttense 1 look howwonderfulmycaris oh jack whatareyouthinkingabout don tyoulikeit i msorryi anyremarkaboutitintime icertainlythinkit ssmart a wasn tmakingb don tmakec won tmaked didn tmake2 tofindthestreetwhereilivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity sorapidlyalltheseyears a ischangingb haschangedc willhavechangedd willchange3 he quitewell buthehasn thadtimetoswimsincethissummer a willswimb haveswumc swamd swims4 jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup buthe bynow a hasn tturnedupb doesn tturnupc won tturnupd hadn tturnedup 5 i mterriblysorryforbeinglate buti thewrongbus a catchb hadcaughtc caughtd catching6 thetruth sir isthattheoldman acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim a wastowalkb hadbeenwalkingc walkedd waswalking7 ireallydon tthinkrosewillbeupset butiwillgoandseeherincaseshe a isb doesc willbed hasbeen8 thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey a wereplayingb weretoplayc hadplayedd played 9 kateisinhospital oh really i visither a didn tknow i llgoandb don tknow i llgoandc don tknow i mgoingtod didn tknow i mgoingto10 where theguidebook ican tseeitanywhere i itrighthere butnowit sgone a didyouput haveputb hadyouput haveputc haveyouput putd wereyouputting put11 doyouliveinthiscity no we itforholidays a justvisitb justvisitedc arejustvisitingd havevisited12 howistheoldmannow sorry he thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim a wasdeadb haddiedc hasbeendeadd died 13 thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures a willbetakenb aretakenc weretakend hadbeentaken14 i mafraiditwillbetwomonths a whenicomebackb wheni llcomebackc beforeicomebackd beforei llcomeback15 theworkers busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe intheoffice a hadworked hadleftb wereworking hadleftc working hadleftd hadworked left16 thenotice nosmoking a istoldb readsc tellsd isread 17 theoldman twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital a diedb woulddiec haddiedd hasdied18 oldmcdonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile butsoon tohisoldways a returnedb returnsc wasreturningd hadreturned19 i myson adoctor buthewasn tgoodenoughatscience a hoped wouldbecomeb hadhoped wouldbecomec hadhoped willbecomed hope willbecome20 i totakeagoodholidaythisyear butiwasn tabletogetaway a hopeb havehopedc hadhopedd hoped21 helen herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband home a hasleft comesb left hadcomec hadleft camed hadleft wouldcome 22 hesteppedintotheoffice downandbegantofillintheforms a sittingb tositc satd havingit23 shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe fromhersofar a haven theardb didn thearc hadn theardd won thear24 whenigottothecinema thefilm fortenminutes a hasbegunb hadbegunc hadbeenond was25 i llgowithyouassoonasi myhomework a willfinishb finishc amfinishingd finished26 ifit tomorrow iwon tgotothecinema a willrainb rainsc israiningd rained27 sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe up a isgoingtogrowb growsc growingd grew 28 这本书我已经买了三个月了 whichiswrong a ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths b ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths c iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago d itisthreemonthssinceiboughtthisbook 29 comein peter iwanttoshowyousomething oh howniceofyou i you tobringmeagift a neverthink aregoingb neverthought weregoingc didn tthink weregoingd had tthought weregoing30 wheniwasatcollegei threeforeignlanguages buti allexceptforafewwordsofeach a spoke hadforgottenb spoke haveforgottenc hadspoken hadforgottend hadspoken haveforgotten31 thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings a hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenb hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenc hasbeenbrokeninto stolend hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 32 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd i