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基于WEB的图书管理信息系统,机械毕业设计全套
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需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 毕业设计 (论文 )外文资料翻译 学 院： 专 业： 姓 名： 学 号： 外文出处： J. IBM Systems Journal 2013,64(3):93-137 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文； 2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 签名： 年 月 日 (用外文写 ) nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 附件 1：外文资料翻译译文 数字图书馆的宏观管理 随着多媒体技术和通信技术的进步， Internet 网络的飞速发展，数字图书馆的研究与建设已取得很大的成就。这必将导致图书馆组织机构、工作模式和工作机理以及图书馆管理理念等方面的深刻的管理变革。但是人们的注意力大多集中在各种载体文献的数字化技术、数字图书馆信息资源组织和检索技术等方面，对于数字图书馆的管理问题仍末引起足够的重视。因此，数字图书馆的宏观管理越来越成为数字图书馆发展建设必需解决的重大问题。 1 数字图书馆宏观管理的新理念 数字图书馆是一个数字化的信息系统，它通过计算机技术、通讯网络、信息处理等各种技术，将分散于各种载体、不同地理位置的信息资源以数字化的方式储存，以网络化的方式互相连接，提供及时利用，实现资源共享。因此，数字图书馆的管理与传统图书馆的管理 有很大的区别，应确立新的管理理念。首先是确立“集成管理”理念。也就是将集成思想创造性地用于数字图书馆管理实践的过程，其核心是强调运用集成的思想和观念指导数字图书馆的管理实践，实现信息技术、信息资源、信息规范、人力资源等各种资源要素的全方位优化、组合，促进各项要素、功能和优势之间的互补与匹配，最终促进整个管理效率的提高。其次要确立“知识是数字图书馆管理最重要的资源”理念。随着网络技术的发展和“学习型社会”的提倡，人们对社会信息与知识的需求增加，客观上要求数字图书馆不断拓宽业务范围，改善服务环境与手段，运用众多 专家的知识和智慧开发知识资源。还应确立“以人为本自主管理”理念。数字图书馆要在未来社会中得到可持续的发展，最重大的现实问题就是如何将人本管理思想贯彻实施，这也是一项战略性的创新型管理制度。 2 数字图书馆的宏观管理 2.1 数字图书馆的知识管理 数字图书馆知识管理是指通过对数字图书馆所拥有的包括信息与知识各种要素在内的所有智力资本进行组织、开发和运营，实现知识创新、知识传播和知识增殖的过程。nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 数字图书馆本质上是一种面向用户的网络化数字资源体系、向用户提供系统化的有序的知识体系，工作重心也转向深层次的知识服务。 因此，数字图书馆实质上是一种知识型组织，同时数字图书馆建设也是一项知识创新工程，这就决定了知识管理是数字图书馆宏观管理的必然选择，是数字图书馆管理的首选模式。 数字图书馆知识管理的主要内容包括：知识创造管理（是一种开发新知识或替代现有隐性知识和显性知识的过程和行为）；知识组织管理（利用信息技术通过知识发现、知识获取、知识表示、知识存贮来组织数字图书馆知识）；知识检索管理（根据用户需求或问题的实际情况找出可利用的知识，使问题得到圆满解决，涉及到人工智能与专家系统的许多方面）；知识服务管理（包括数字化参考咨询服 务管理、基于网络的个性化信息定制服务管理、基于网络的知识创建与知识共享服务管理等）；知识资本管理（包括数字图书馆的人力资本管理、知识产权资本管理等）。为了有效地搞好数字图书馆的知识管理，首先应确定知识开发策略。知识周期包括知识创造、知识采用、知识发布、知识评价。除此之外，数字图书馆还可利用其他途径来获取知识。购买是获取知识最直接、最有效的办法，包括购买拥有知识的整个机构或是雇佣拥有知识的个人。租用是获取知识的另一常用方法，一般采取的形式是数字图书馆向某一公司或机构的研究项目提供经济援助或资金，以换取研究成果 的第一商业使用权。其次是组建知识型团队组织。知识型团队是一种以知识的创建、传播与应用为基本出发点的由相互协作的个体所组成的正式群体。数字图书馆知识型团队组织由资源建设团队、信息服务团队、技术支持与开发团队、高层管理团队四部分组成。这些团队组织通过相互协作与交流，提高了数字知识的时效性，完善了数字图书馆的知识服务，改善了领导关系。 2.2 数字图书馆的用户管理 数字图书馆的用户管理不仅要能有效地保证数字图书馆信息资源的充分利用，实现资源共享，同时也要能做到有效保护商用信息资源的知识产权，并尽可能使用户管理简单 化，从而保证系统的高效运行。因此，采取合适的用户管理模式对于数字图书馆来说至关重要。综合目前有关的研究资料，笔者认为，数字图书馆合理的用户管理模式应是IP 验证加防火墙隔离方式与用户认证加访问授权方式的紧密结合。即对于数量庞大的数字图书馆 Intranet 用户采取 IP 验证加防火墙隔离方式进行管理；对于 Internet 上想利用该数字图书馆商用信息资源的用户和那些常常离开 Intranet 覆盖范围的 Intranet用户可以采用用户认证加访问授权方式进行管理。因为上述两种用户管理方式各有所nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 长，各有所短，若单纯采用一种管 理模式，势必给用户利用商用信息带来障碍；若管理的用户过多，则会影响系统的运行效率。不难看出，它们具有优势互补的特点。因而结合起来进行用户管理，数字图书馆就能有效地解决资源共享、知识产权保护和系统运行效率之间的关系问题。 2.3 数字图书馆的人力资源管理 数字图书馆信息资源的载体、存取方式及覆盖范围都发生了前所未有的变化，呈现出多媒体、多语种、全球性分布式结构等特点，图书馆工作人员的素质、专业技术水平的高低将直接影响信息资源开发的深度和质量。同时，数字图书馆中传统的服务模式被打破，图书馆面对的是不同用户、不同 层次的需求，用户需求的多样化决定了馆员知识结构的复合化与服务内容的个性化必须得到加强。在信息时代，人们更注意信息的传递，并更多地根据读者需求的满足率及为用户提供选择性信息的能力来评价一个图书馆。因此，数字图书馆的人力资源建设是信息资源建设的前提，同时也是图书馆开展信息服务、保持信息服务主导地位的必然要求。 但是，受传统观念的影响，某些图书馆领导意识薄略、人才流失、人力资源管理技术落后，加之工作人员工作积极性不是太高，这些因素制约着人力资源建设的发展。数字图书馆的人力资源管理应当从以下几方面确定发展策略：（ 1）以人为本，树立“能本管理”的理念。通过有效的方法，最大限度地发挥人的能力，从而实现能力价值的最大化，把能力这种最重要的人力资源作为组织发展的推动力量。（ 2）建立科学高效的管理机制，包括建立增强动力的竞争机制、建立调动积极性的激励机制和建立挖掘潜能的培养机制等，激发图书馆员的动机，发挥其内在潜力，通过在职培训或进修提高他们的综合技能，引导竞争朝良性的方向发展。目前主要采取思想教育与知识学习相结合、引进人才与馆内培养相结合、博学与专才相结合、学术研究与实际应用相结合等方式对数字图书馆的人力资源进行管理。 2.4 数字图书馆的网络信息资源管理 针对互联网上中文信息匮乏、网络信息资源管理杂乱的现状，我们应下大力气抓紧网络信息资源建设，加强其管理。从宏观来看，可采取如下对策：（ 1）加强对网上信息的整合与开发，推动信息资源的开放与共享。通过对网上信息的整合、处理，使信息上升为知识，从而使用户可以直接获取符合其需求的直接有用的知识。对于网上的虚拟资源也应该进行整理和链接，作为网上信息整合的一部分。要采取数据仓库、数据挖掘、nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 人工智能等技术来获取信息中的隐含知识。受经费、技术等条件的限制，数字环境下原始专业性资源相对传统资源 更加贫乏，因而应在统一的标准规范基础上对这些资源进行开发、开放与共享。（ 2）对信息资源进行深加工，并加强知识库建设。数字资源的加工应强调数字对象的语义结构信息，注意挖掘数字对象之间显性与隐性的关系，通过建立完全的知识概念体系将所有信息资源联系起来。数字图书馆应通过信息资源管理技术对原始信息资源进行组织，使之更加有序化，并最终形成符合用户需要的知识库。重点建设一批重点战略性资源库，同时加快政府信息数据库的建设。（ 3）加强网络知识服务。数字图书馆应在人工智能、语义 Web、数据挖掘等知识管理工具和技术的协助下，尽 快建立网上知识服务体系与信息服务体系。 2.5 数字图书馆的知识产权管理 数字图书馆的知识产权问题，包括信息资源建设中的知识产权问题（体现在信息资源采集、信息资源数字化过程中）、信息资源传播中的知识产权问题、信息资源服务中的知识产权问题。它实质上是知识产权在数字技术、网络技术上的运用问题，一方面促进数字图书馆的发展，保护权利人的利益，另一方面又制约着数字图书馆的发展，制约着社会公众的利益。数字图书馆的知识产权管理，可采取以下的对策：（ 1）利用著作权法中的“法定许可”合理使用。可以解决部分信息采集和数据库 建设中的知识产权问题。如数字图书馆建设中的资源数字化是属于复制行为，若是基于服务的并且无任何赢利目的，也属于合理使用。（ 2）建立著作权的集中管理组织。通过这一中介，数字图书馆建设者可以获得有关信息资源建设、传播和利用的授权，从而解决数字图书馆建设中的知识产权问题。我们熟知的超星数字图书馆、人大复印资料等就是通过这种中介组织获得授权的典型案例。（ 3）与出版社合作取得授权。资源信息数据库的建设者可以通过与出版社合作达到“双赢”的目的。（ 4）建立与数字图书馆建设配套的知识产权法律体系。随着数字技术和网络技术的飞跃 ，赋予数字图书馆特定的法律地位以及对信息资源数字化、网络化、共享化的专有权，已经十分必要。只有有了健全的法律制度，才能使数字图书馆建设真正做到有法可依，违法必究。 2.6 数字图书馆的战略及标准化管理 数字图书馆建设涉及到各种各样的技术、管理和服务等问题，因此，有必要从战略管理的高度处理好数字图书馆建设中的一些宏观关系，实行标准化管理。标准化与规范化是数字图书馆建设的一个十分突出的问题，并成为实现数字图书馆资源共享的前提和nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 根本保障，将直接影响数据库的质量和服务效果。应当在充分调研基础上，逐步推出比较完善的标 准，构建数字图书馆的标准体系，应着重考虑到：数字化信息采集标准；数字化信息组织与存储标准，如数字化信息的分类、元数据标准等；信息检索标准，如全文数据库检索；网络及网络资源标准，如网络信息资源组织标准；信息的权限管理与安全标准，如加密、水印技术等；还有文献信息系统质量管理及认证体系等其他标准。 3 小结 数字图书馆的宏观管理相对较复杂，需要运用全新的管理理念和方法来予以实现。上述 6 个方面既是数字图书馆管理的重要手段，而相互之间又存在着相互促进、相互依赖的关系，它们共同推动着数字图书馆建设和管理的发展。 nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 附件 2：外文原文 （复印件） The macro-management of the Digital Library With multimedia and communication technologies progress, the rapid development of Internet network, the digital library research and development has made great achievements. This will certainly lead to the Library organization, work patterns and work mechanism and library management philosophy, and other aspects of the management of the profound changes. However, peoples attention largely focused on the literature of various carriers of digital technology, the digital library information resources organization and retrieval technology, the digital library management issues still paying sufficient attention to the end. Therefore, the macro-management of the Digital Library has increasingly become a digital library development and construction of the major issues needed to be resolved. 1 Digital library of the new macro-management concept Digital Library is a digital information system, through computer technology, communications networks, information processing, and other technology, will be scattered in various carriers in different geographical location to the information resources of the digital approach to storage to network with each other the way to provide timely use, sharing of resources. Therefore, the digital library management and traditional library management have great distinction, should be the establishment of a new management philosophy. First is to establish integrated management philosophy. Will mean thinking creatively integrated digital library management practices for the process, the core of which is that the use of integrated thinking and concepts guiding digital library management practices of information technology, information resources, information standards, human resources and other resources elements and all-round optimization, integration, the promotion of the elements, functions, and the complementarity between the advantages and matching, and ultimately promote the efficiency of the entire management. Second, we must establish the knowledge digital library is the most important resource management philosophy. With the development nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 of network technology and the learning society advocates, and people with knowledge of the information society increased demand, the objective requirements of the Digital Library on continuously expanding the scope of business, the environment and means to improve services, many experts use of the knowledge and wisdom of the development of knowledge resources. Should establish a people-oriented self-management idea. Digital Library in the future society, in sustainable development, the most significant problem is the reality of how people will be thinking of the implementation of the management, this is a strategic and innovative management system. 2 The macro-management of the Digital Library 2.1 Digital Library of Knowledge Management Digital Library through knowledge management refers to the digital library, including owned by the information and knowledge of all the elements of intellectual capital, development and operation of, knowledge innovation, knowledge dissemination and knowledge proliferation process. Digital Library is essentially a user-oriented network of digital resources system, to provide users systematic and orderly system of knowledge, also the focus of work to the deep-seated knowledge services. Therefore, the digital library is essentially a knowledge-based organization, while also building a digital library of knowledge innovation project, which determines that knowledge management is a digital library of macro-management inevitable choice for the management of digital libraries is the preferred mode. Digital Library the main elements of knowledge management, including: creating knowledge management (is a development of new knowledge or replace the existing tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge of the process and acts); knowledge organization and management (through the use of information technology knowledge discovery, knowledge acquisition, knowledge that knowledge to organize digital library storing knowledge); Knowledge Retrieval Management (according to user needs or problems can be found in the actual use of the knowledge, so that the problems that have been successfully settled, involving artificial intelligence and expert systems in many areas); knowledge management services (including digital reference service management, network-based personalized information tailored nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 service management, network-based knowledge creation and knowledge sharing service management, etc.); intellectual capital management (including digital library of human capital management, intellectual property rights, capital management, etc.). In order to effectively improve digital library knowledge management, knowledge development should first determine strategy. Knowledge cycle including knowledge creation, knowledge use and knowledge release, knowledge evaluation. In addition, the Digital Library can also use other ways of acquiring knowledge. Buy access to knowledge is the most direct and effective way, including the purchase of the entire institution have the knowledge or the employment of individuals with knowledge. Renting access to knowledge is another common method generally take the form of the Digital Library to a company or organizations research projects or funds to provide financial assistance in exchange for the research achievements of the first commercial use of the right. This was followed by the establishment of a knowledge-based organizations team. Team is a knowledge-based knowledge creation, dissemination and application of the basic starting point for mutual cooperation from the individual groups formed by the official. Digital Library knowledge-based team organized by the Resource Development team, information services team, technical support and development team, the senior management team composed of four parts. These teams through mutual cooperation and exchanges and enhance knowledge of the figures of the time, improve the knowledge of the digital library services, and improving relations between the leadership. 2.2 Digital Library User Management Digital Library users must be able to effectively manage not only to ensure digital libraries make full use of information resources, sharing of resources, but also can be effective protection of intellectual property rights business information resources, and where possible, to simplify user management, thus ensuring system The efficient operation. Therefore, adopting the appropriate model for user management is critical to the Digital Library. Comprehensive information on the current study, I believe that the Digital Library reasonable user management model should be verified IP and firewall isolation methods and user authentication and authorization methods to the close integration. That the huge number of Digital Library Intranet users to take IP Verification and firewall isolation approach to nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 management; for the Internet to take advantage of the digital library business users and information resources that are often left Intranet coverage Intranet users can visit a user authentication and authorization methods management. Because these two user management strengths, in short, if only by a management model, it is bound to bring users of business information barriers; if too many management of users, will affect the system operating efficiency. It is not difficult to see that they have complementary characteristics. Thus be integrated into the user management, digital libraries will be able to effectively address the sharing of resources and protection of intellectual property rights system and the relationship between the operating efficiency issues. 2.3 Digital Library Human Resources Management Digital Library Information Resources carrier, access methods and coverage have taken place in the unprecedented changes, showing a multimedia, multilingual, global distributed architecture features, the quality of library staff, professional and technical level will directly affect the level of information resource development and the depth of quality. At the same time, a digital library of traditional modes of service break, the library is facing different users different levels of demand, the diversity of user needs librarians decided the knowledge structure of the compound with the personalized services must be strengthened. In the information age, people pay more attention to the transmission of information, and more on the basis of readers rate and meet the needs of users for the ability to provide selective information to evaluate a library. Therefore, the digital library development of human resources is the prerequisite for building information resources, as well as libraries of information services, information services to maintain the dominant position of the inevitable requirement. However, due to the traditional concept of the impact of certain libraries slightly thin sense of leadership, the brain drain, human resources management and backward technology, and the enthusiasm of the staff work is not very high, these factors constraining the development of human resources. Digital Library of human resources management from the following aspects should be defined development strategy: (1) a people-centered, foster a can this management philosophy. Through effective ways to maximize the ability of people to play, nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 so as to achieve the ability to maximize the value of the capacity of this most important human resource development organization as a driving force. (2) establish a scientific and efficient management mechanism, including the establishment of a mechanism of competition enhanced power, the establishment of motivation and incentive mechanisms for the establishment of mining potential of the training mechanism, the motivation inspired librarians play its inherent potential, through in-service training or improve education their comprehensive skills, and guide healthy competition in the direction of North Korea. At present the main ideological education to combine learning and knowledge, talent and the introduction of the Museum of combining training, and learned professionals combine academic research and practical application of methods with the integration of digital libraries of human resources management. 2.4 Digital Library Network Information Resources Management Chinese information on the Internet for lack of network information resources management mess of the status quo, we should make great efforts to step up the building of network information resources, strengthen its management. From a macro point of view, to take the following measures: (1) to enhance the integration of online information and development, promote the opening up of information and sharing of resources. Through the integration of online information, processing, the information will rise to the knowledge, so that users can directly access their needs directly with useful knowledge. For online virtual resources should also organize and links, as part of integrated online information. To be taken data warehouse, data mining, and artificial intelligence techniques to obtain information implied knowledge. By funding, technology and other conditions, the digital environment original professional resources in a relatively traditional resources more scarce and therefore should be unified standards and norms on the basis of the development of these resources, and opening up and sharing. (2) of information processing resources, and strengthening the knowledge base construction. Digital processing resources should be emphasized that the Digital Object semantic structure information, to tap digital object between dominant and recessive relationship through the establishment of the concept of complete knowledge system will be linked to all information resources. Digital Library Information Resources Management nts需要更多免费论文访问 定做论文 QQ： 746679372 should be adopted on the original information technology resources, to make it more orderly, and ultimately consistent with the needs of the knowledge base of users. Focus on the building of a number of key strategic resource base, and speed up the construction of the database. (3) to strengthen their network knowledge services. Digital Library in artificial intelligence, Semantic Web, data mining tools such as knowledge management and technical assistance as soon as possible, the establishment of online knowledge and information service system service system. 2.5 Digital Library of Intellectual Property Management Digital Library intellectual property issues, including information resources in the building of intelle
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