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机械毕业设计全套

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某中外合资机械厂变电所及配电系统设计,机械毕业设计全套

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浙江工业大学浙西分校信电系毕业设计 外文翻译 Domestic and foreign transformers development present situation Since a century, the power transformer principle not has changed, along with the age advancement, the advanced production equipment consummates day by day, thus each technical parameter is increasingly advanced. The distribution transformer (1) the overseas overseas distribution transformer capacity arrives 2500kVA, some two kind of iron cores pattern: Circular and ellipse. The circular occupies the overwhelming majority, the ellipse because the hard spacing is small, thus the needed materials may reduce, its corresponding coil is the ellipse. The low-voltage winding has the wire type and the foil type, the fuel tank has the belt to disperse the heat pipe and the ripple -like. Moreover, Americas with three-phase power supply, multipurpose single phase transformer, this kind of power supply system line loss small, movement economy, but transformer because many for single-phase, the needed materials comparatively three-phase use the labor to be many. (2) domestic our country because the power supply system and Europe are same, always only makes the three-phase transformer, at present main product for new S9, capacity to 1600kVA. New S9 has the better economic indicator, also has the very high reliability, has performed 800 products short-circuit tests, trial produced the appraisal from 1996, had 400 factories to 1999 years end to obtain the production qualifications. Has approximately 10 plant productions ripple type fuel tank, movement new S9 approximately composes 25%. The doing -like transformer (1) the overseas epoxy resin pours the doing -like transformer, overseas from the 60s productions, the technology is day by day mature. This kind of transformer includes: The belt padding, the pure resin, circle the package, each kind of craft, the structure coexist. According to German experts discussed that, the voltage biggest arrives 36kV, the capacity may reach 30MVA. A German factory, year productivity above 2000MVA. The American power distribution market dryly changes yearly produces 380,000, oil bath type transformer 1.48 million, dryly changes a number to occupy 20, the capacity occupies 30. The European power distribution oil bath type transformer nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信电系毕业设计 always has the quantity 2500kVA 1.6 million; Dryly changes always has quantity 400,000, accounts for 10%.(2) domestic pours the type doing -like transformer scientific research work to start to compare early, the 70s intermediate stages namely produce the ship with the 160kVA transformer, the mass production or in the end of the 80s, at present the belt padding, the pure resin, circles a package of 3 kind to produce, but occupies most by the pure resin. The difficult fuel oil transformer (1) overseas overseas to have produced the petroleum class, the fats, the silicone oil class difficult fuel oil transformer, according to incomplete statistics, the total quantity has reached 10GVA, distributes in each big continent use. This kind of oil ignite in 300 Degree Celsius above, tallies internationally on to the difficult fuel oil request, its maximum capacity is 60kV, 15MVA. (2) the domestic Guangzhou high-voltage equipment plant trial produced S12 in 1988 the 200kVA fuel oil transformer, the Tonghua transformer factory has not trial produced silicone oil transformer 315kVA in 1985 which the subway used, the Shenyang transformer factory has trial produced Midel7131 in 1989 difficult fuel oil transformer 630kVA. Because the oil source price high, the raw material is impeded, later has not reproduced. The SF6 transformer (1) overseas Japan is now produces SF6 transformer most countries, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fuji can produce, first three have produced 275kV, 300MVA the SF6 transformer, uses in Japan. These four have the product to enter our country, mainly is 110kV, 31.5 63MVA. Take 63MVA as the example, for the strong gas forced-air cooling, gross weight 78t, main body SF6 heavy 450kg, the year, installs underground in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, on the transformer substation movement. (2) the domestic our country Beijing second transformer factory has produced 10kV SF6 transformer series 100 1000kVA to reach 100, at present also is continuing to produce. To the 110kV level product, the related factory, is being considered. To the SF6 transformer, in the world has two viewpoints, one kind thought may use, not greatly affects to the environment; One kind thought cannot use, is influential to the environmental protection. In the world still did not have the conclusion, or not still at discussed to its development, should prudently study. The combined type transformer substation and the combined type transformer (1) overseas Europe namely produces 24 36kV combined type transformer substation from the 60s, is the conventional transformer substation high-voltage switch equipment, the distribution transformer, the low pressure switching gear combines is supplying power together. It has the volume young, the area young, the price low, supplies power quick as well as practical, is artistic, merit and so on economy, holds the widespread market in Europe. In Americas, because for, uses electricity the system characteristic, then produces 10kV to nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信电系毕业设计 insert pulls out the type transformer, it is the simple high pressure load switch, the fuse installs to transformer box in vivo uses the electric cable insertion power supply, and the belt arrester, has the simple high-pressured protection, in low pressure side then only has heads, the merit is the volume small, the price position is low. (2) the domestic combined type transformer domestic product enhances high-voltage switch thermally stable electric current 12kA 16kA, is advantageous to the ring net power supply. Inserts to 10kV pulls out the type transformer also to have some improvements, some have matched the low pressure cabinet and so on, convenient user. These two kind of products because the amount of use big, the surface is broad, already gradually in substitution tradition low pressure transformer substation. In the next 20 years, the transformer class product technology economic indicator will hasten advanced, the crystalless alloy in matches changes in the scope gradually to substitute for the traditional silicon steel plate; The combined type transformer and all from protects the transformer in to match changes the ratio regular meeting which in the scope occupies to increase year by year; Difficult fuel oil transformer soon in home production promotion; Three Gorges 500kV, the 840MVA host will change mesozoically produces in the next ten year projects, Its exchange changes the electric capacity to reach 24750MVA; The 750kV level northwest system and the transformer will appear in 2005; 500kV will trade changes the depressor to have the certain production; Million volts levels systems and its the transformer will appear in the our country 21st century 20s. About the next 20 years, the superconductivity uses in the transformer production in the technology, economical general is feasible. nts浙江工业大学浙西分校信电系毕业设计 国内外变压器发展现状 一个世 纪以来，电力变压器原理未曾改变，随着年代的推进，先进生产设备日臻完善，因而各项技术参数愈来愈先进。 配电变压器（ 1）国外 国外配电变压器容量到 2500kVA，有两种铁心型式：圆形与椭圆形。圆形的占绝大多数，椭圆形的由于铁心柱的间距小，因而用料可以减少，其对应线圈为椭圆形。低压线圈有线绕式与箔式，油箱有带散热管的与波纹式的。另外，美洲用三相四线制供电，多用单相变压器，这种供电制线路损耗小，运行经济，但变压器因多为单相，用料用工较三相多。（ 2）国内 我国因供电制与欧洲一样，历来只做三相变压器，目前主要产 品为新 S9型，容量到1600kVA。新 S9有较好的经济指标，也有很高的可靠性，做了 800台产品的短路试验，从 1996年试制鉴定，到 1999年末已有 400家工厂取得生产资格。有约 10家工厂生产波纹式油箱，运行的新 S9约占 25%。 干式变压器（ 1）国外 环氧树脂浇注干式变压器，国外从 60年代生产，技术日趋成熟。这种变压器有：带填料的、纯树脂的、绕包的，各种工艺、结构并存。据德国一位专家谈，电压最大到 36kV，容量可达 30MVA。德国一家工厂，年生产量在 2000MVA以上。美国配电市场干变年产 38万台，油浸式 变压器 148万台，干变台数占 20，容量占 30。欧洲配电油浸式变压器总有量 2500kVA的200万台， 2500kVA的 160万台；干变总有量 40万台，占 10%。（ 2）国内 浇注式干式变压器科研工作开始比较早， 70年代中期即生产船用 160kVA变压器，成批生产还是在 80年代末，目前带填料、纯树脂、绕包的 3种均生产，而以纯树脂的占多数。 难燃油变压器（ 1）国外 国外已生产了石油类、脂类、硅油类难燃油变压器，据不完全统计，总量已达 10GVA，分布在各大洲使用。这类油燃点均在 300以上，符合国际上对难燃油的要求，其最大容量为 60kV、 15MVA。（ 2）国内 广州高压电器厂于 1988年试制了 S12型 200kVA不燃油变压器，通化变压器厂于1985年试制了地铁使用的硅油变压器 315kVA，沈阳变压器厂于 1989年试制了Midel7131难燃油变压器 630kVA。由于油源价高、原料不畅，以后未再生产。 SF6变压器（ 1）国外 日本是当今生产 SF6变压器最多的国家，三菱、东芝、日立、富士均能生产，前三家生产过 275kV、 30