make后宾补及其它知识.doc

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 make+宾语+宾语补足语make用作使役动词表示 “使；使成为” 时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下：一、“make宾语n.” 意为“使、让某人 / 某物(成为)”。如：We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。二、“make宾语adj.” 意为 “使某人 / 某事(变得)”。如：The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。友情提示：当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。如：I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。三、“make宾语do sth.（不带to的不定式）”意为 “使某人做某事”。如:What makes the grass grow? 什么东西使得草生长？Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。友情提示：在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。如：The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。相关链接：have, make, let等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。如：Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗？I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。四、“make宾语-ed（过去分词作宾补）”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作，表示被动的意思，意为 “使某人 / 某事被”。如：The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。友情提示：通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾补的动词要用过去分词，即：make oneselfV-ed （heard, known, understood）。如：He couldnt make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。但有时，根据句子意思也可用其他形式。如：The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life. 摇滚乐歌手，另一方面，把音乐当作他们的生命。五、“make+宾语+V-ing（现在分词）”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人 / 某事一直在”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如：He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。相关链接：常接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, make等使役动词。友情提示：现在分词作宾补和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别是：现在分词一般表示动作正在进行，而不带 to 的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。如：I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行)I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成)It seems that 用法此句型实质上是“主系表”结构。其中it是人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况，seems为系动词，that / as if 引导表语从句。 一、It seems that 表示“看起来”。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断，可以说表示事实。（可以转换成“名词或代词 seem 动词不定式”句型，其意不变，如果动词不定式为to be 形容词时，to be往往省略。）It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. (No one seems to know what has happened in the park.) 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。It seems to me that he has known everything. (He seems to have known everything) 在我看来他似乎什么事都知道了。It seems to me that Mr. White will not come again. 依我看，怀特先生不会再来了。It seems that she is happy. 她似乎很高兴。It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。It seems that they dont like the idea. 他们似乎不喜欢这个主意。It seems that he is lying.看来他在撒谎。二、It seems as if .也表示“看起来，似乎”。使用该句型表示可能：若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情，从句谓语用陈述语气；若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时，则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。1、从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气来表示所设想的事情不真实或不可能发生/存在。It seems as if she had read this novel.看来她好像看过这本小说。It seems as if it were autumn. 现在仿佛是秋天似的。It seems as if it were spring already. 似乎春天已经来了。It seems as if he knew everything. 好像他什么都知道似的。It seems as if she had been to England. 好像她到过英国似的。It seems as if they had never seen each other before. 仿佛他们以前从未见过面。It seems as if he were in a dream.看来他像是在做梦。It seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.这个好心人仿佛要在最后这一堂课上把他的全部知识教给我们。2、如果可能性很大则用陈述语气，或者句中的情况可能发生或可能被设想为真实，则仍然用陈述语气。It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。It seems as if he has learned by heart a speech written by someone else.看来他像是背了一篇由别人写的演讲稿。It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime似乎他好像在犯罪现场。It seems as if it is going to rain. (It seems to rain) 看来天要下雨了。It seems that she is ill. 她似乎病了。It seems that it is going to rain. 仿佛天要下雨。It seems as if Ken will win the race. 看上去肯好像能赢。It seems as if our team is going to win 看来我们队要胜了。3、as if还可用于其它动词之后或省略句中。（as if引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。）She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。You look as if you didnt care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone. 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。He acts as if (he were) a fool 他做事像个傻子。 in doing sth.【常用句式】1. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事Farmers were busy (in) getting in the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼。He was busy (in) packing, for he was leaving that night. 他那时正忙着打点行李，因为那天晚上他就要走了。Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy (in) cooking dinner? 她正忙着做饭你干吗偏偏问她问题? 2. be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了We were late (in) having dinner. 我们吃饭吃得晚。He was late (in) coming to the office this morning. 今天早上他来办公室来得很迟。The B.B.C. are not often late (in) broadcasting the news. 英国广播公司通常能及时播报新闻。3. be fortunate (in) doing sth 做某事是幸运的He is fortunate (in) living to such an advanced age. 他能活到这样的高龄真是幸运。Youre fortunate (in) being able to live in the country. 你能住在乡间真是幸运。Were fortunate (in) having you with us. 我们很幸运，有你和我们在一起。4. spendmoney (time) (in) doing sth 花钱(时间)做某事Dont spend such a lot of time (in) dressing yourself. 别花那么多时间来打扮(自己)。Theres no fun in spending the evening (in) doing nothing. 晚上无事可干，很无聊。Dont spend your whole life (in) worrying about money. 别把一辈子都花在为钱操心上。5. wastemoney (time) (in) doing sth 浪费钱(时间)做某事He wasted his time (in) doing nothing. 他无所事事，浪费光阴。She wasted her time and money (in) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。6. haveluck (in) doing sth 做某事时有运气He had no luck (in) finding a job. 他找工作不走运。Did you have any luck (in) hunting deer? 你去猎鹿运气好吗?7. havedifficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难If you should have any difficulty (in) getting spare parts ring this number. 万一你买备件时遇到什么困难，请打这个电话号码。Children of divorced parents may have difficulty (in) forming stable relationships themselves. 父母离婚以后，子女之间可能难以形成稳定的关系。8. finddifficulty (in) doing sth 做某事发现有困难He finds little difficulty (in) learning English. 他觉得学习英语没什么困难。I found great difficulty (in) doing the work. 做这工作我觉得很吃力。9. havetrouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难I have some trouble (in) reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。We had no trouble (in) finding his house. 我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的家。10. have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲 I had much bother (in) waking him. 我喊醒他有很大困难。I didnt have much bother (in) working out this problem. 我没费什么劲就解出了这道题。11. have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困难We had a problem (in) understanding what he says. 我们要理解他说的话有不少困难。They seem to have a problem (in) finishing the work in half an hour. 他们要在半小时内把工作干完似乎有些问题。12. have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心We had a good time (in) playing tennis. 我们打网球打得很开心。The child