高考英语阅读理解分析指导.ppt

高考英语阅读理解分析指导 ReadingComprehension PingchaoSeniorHighSchoolCaoXia 近三年江苏高考阅读理解题型及分布 Questionsaboutdetail 2 AvisitortotheParkcan A rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC smokeintheWaterParkD leavehispetatKidzville 试题解析 细节理解 A Stroller lockerandwheelchairrentalsareavailableinsidethepark C Smokingisnotpermittedwhileridingorstandinginlineforridesorinanyofthechildren sareasortheWaterPark D ApetcarefacilityislocatedoutsideourFrontGateonthesouthsideforadailyfee 干扰项 部分错误 smoke outside PassageB 6 Whichofthefollowingdeterminesthefutureoftourism Thenumberoftourist B Theimprovementofservice C Thepromotionofnewproducts D Themanagementoftourism 试题解析 细节理解 Lastpara Thewaytourismishandledinthenexttenyearswilldecideitsfateandthatofthecountriesweallwanttovisit Theirneedsandproblemsaremoreimportantthanthoseofthetouristcompanies Thewaytourismishandled 细节理解题指导策略 提问方式 Questionforms Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue Nottrue Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthetext Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof Thewritermentionsallofthefollowingexcept Theauthorgivestheexample inorderto 干扰项特征 Identitiesofwrongchoices NotmentionedPartlymentionedToswitchinformationofAtothatofBSimilartooriginalsentences withsomekeywordchangedPartlyright partlywrongWrongsummaryaboutfacts 无中生有 以偏概全 张冠李戴 与原文极为相似 但改变一些关键词 部分正确 部分错误 对细节事实的错误概括 Approaches ScanningthepassagewithquestionsPositioningthecontentintherelatedparagraphsAnalyzingthekeysentences especiallycomplexonesFiguringoutmainideasoftheparagraphandtherelationshipbetweenmainideasandfacts 1 查读法 带着问题浏览文章2 原文定位法 根据题干中关键词 找准相关内容进行细读3 分析关键句和长难句4 判定细节和主题的关系 Practice Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways Youmaywonderhowpavingaroadcanleadtolessusablewater Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers Itcomesfromunderground Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway 2013安徽卷 Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater A UsingriverwaterB ThrowingbatteriesawayC PavingparkinglotsD Throwingrubbishintolakes A D错误 B错误 浏览问题 原文定位 细读 Questionsaboutinference 3 WhatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastsentenceofParagraph1 ThePacificislandisaparadise ThePacificislandisworthvisitingTheadvertisementisnotconvincing Theadvertisementisnotimpressive 试题解析 推理判断 Onemightexpectthattheever growingdemandsofthetouristtradewouldbringnothingbutgoodforthecountriesthatreceivetheholiday makers Indeed arosypictureispaintedforthelong termfutureoftheholidayindustry Everymonthseesthebuildingofanewhotelsomewhere Andeverymonthanotherrock boundPacificislandisadvertisedasthe lastparadise 天堂 onearth 每个月又有一个被岩石包围的太平洋岛屿在广告中被称作 地球上最后的天堂 5 WhatcanwelearnaboutthefarmersfromParagraph4 Theyarehappytoworktheirownlands Theyhavetopleasethetouristsforaliving C Theyhavetostrugglefortheirindependence D Theyareproudofworkinginmulti nationalorganizations 试题解析 推理判断 para4 Notonlycantheenvironmentofacountrysufferfromthesuddengrowthoftourism Thepeopleaswellrapidlyffeelitseffects Farmlandmakeswaytohotels roads andairport theoldwayoflifegoes Theone timefarmerisnowtheservantofsomemulti nationalorganization heisnolongerhisownmaster Onceitwashisbackthatborethepain nowitishissmilethatisexploited Nodoubthewonderswhetherhewasn thappierinhisvillageworkinghisownland vt makeuseof D错误 Theyarenotsurewhethertheyarehappier A错误 无中生有 PassageC 9 TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraph4and5illustrates A thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD thefairnessoftelephonicservices 试题解析 推理判断 Topicsentenceofpara4andpara5 内容不符 无关信息 Para4 Sometimesstandardschange anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply Para5 Butdon ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously Today somepeople scallareansweredfasterthanothers Youmightcallthistelephonequeuejumping 推理判断题指导策略 提问方式 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat Theauthorsuggeststhat Whatdoesthepassageimplyabout Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage Whatistheauthor sattitudetoward 题型特征 主旨类推理判断和局部推理判断 理解原文字面意义基础上 对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示 作出判断和推理 解题方法 直接推导法 迅速定位考点出处 根据此处上下文推敲2 排除法 排除掉那些肤浅阐释 颠倒次序 无中生有的选项 必须遵循一个原则 紧扣文章内容 干扰项特征 推理过度 超出文章范围只是原文的简单复述而非推断出来的结论看似从原文中推断出来 而因果倒置 手段变目的等考生已有的常识 但不是从文章内容而推断得出 Oneevening IgotoffthebusabouthalfwayhomewhereIhadtochangebuses Ifoundthebusstop whichwasarequeststop wherethebuswouldn tstopunlesspassengerswantedtogetonoroff NooneelsewasthereandIhadtotrytoguessifthebushadarrived Generallyinthissituation becauseIhatedshowingIwasblindbyaskingforhelp Itriedtoguessatthesound SometimesIwouldstopabiglorryandstandtherefeelingstupidasitdrewaway Intheend Iusuallymanagedtoswallowmyprideandasksomeoneatthestopforhelp Whatwastheproblemwithguessingatthesoundtostopabus A Othervehiclesalsostoppedthere B Itwasunreliableformakingjudgments C Morelorriesthanbusesrespondedtothegirl D Ittooktoomuchtimeforthegirltocatchthebus Practice 无关信息 错误推断 考生固有的常识 盲人乘车不便 花时间自然多 但与此题无关 Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph MorereasonsforsubhealthB ThewaytosolvetheproblemofsubhealthC WhosuffersfromsubhealthD Whypeoplewithhighereducationmorelikelytosuffersubhealth Badworkinghabits poordiseasepreventionknowledge notenoughgovernmentalinvestmentandlackofhealtheducationarethemainreasons saidYangXiaoduo ahealthcareexpertwithalocalhealthassociation whosaidChinashouldraceagainsttimeseekingmeasurestosolvethesubhealthproblem Identifyinglinksbetweenparagraphs Thelastsentenceintroducesthetopicofthenextparagraph 7 Theauthor sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthetouristindustryis A optimisticB doubtfulC objectiveD negative Para6 Thewaytourismishandledinthenexttenyearswilldecideitsfateandthatofthecountriesweallwanttovisit Ifnot inafewyears timetheverythingsthatattracttouristsnowmaywellhavebeendestroyed 试题解析 推理判断 观点态度 观点态度解题方法 辨别清楚文章文体 议论文 文章中心句一般暗示作者的态度 说明文 其体裁客观性 作者态度往往中立 记叙文 文章观点不直接给出 作者写作常带有某种倾向 需细心捕捉情感态度的词 短语或句子区分选项的褒贬义 Emotionalmeaning Questionsaboutmainidea 试题解析 主旨大意 Para2 Marketsandqueues payingandwaiting aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities Para6 Ofcourse marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings A总结过于片面 C与主题没有联系 D过于狭隘 不能概括文章主旨 干扰项 10 Thepassageismeantto justifypayingforfasterservices discussthemoralsofallocatingthings analyzethereasonforstandinginline criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping 证明 正当 或有道理 合理 解题思路 找出文中多次出现的复现句 反复讨论的话题大多是文章的主旨 解题方法 1 辨认体裁 确定主题段落所在 科普类 调查报告 新闻等说明文 议论文主题通常在首段 2 分析结构特点 是归纳 分 总 还是演绎 总 分 3 从描述现象和事实中 识别作者的态度倾向4 采取排除法 选着含有抽象名词或概括性词语的选项 干扰项特征 局部信息 1 将文中事实细节设为选项2 将某自然段大意设为选项3 将末段延伸内容设为选项概括范围太宽或太狭隘内容正确 却未在文章中提到 Paycloseattentionit Sincethe1970s scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers Brain computerinterface BCI technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines Recently tworesearchers JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne Switzerland demonstrated 展示 asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson sthoughts Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext A Switzerland theBCIResearchCenterB NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries 局部信息 扩大范围 缩小范围 科普类说明文主旨大意通常在首段 开门见山 提出科学研究成果 或该研究项目的社会生活价值 新闻 议论文主旨也多在句首 Questionsaboutsemantic 11 Theunderlinedword dare inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A courageB assistanceC instructionD challenge Thelightfromthecampfirebrightenedthedarkness butitcouldnotpreventthedampcoldofDennis sSwamp 沼泽地 creepingintotheirbones Itwasastrangeplace MartinandTomwishedthattheyhadnotacceptedJack sdare Theylikedcamping butnotnearthisswamp 试题解析 语义理解 Martin和Jack喜欢露营 Dennis sSwamp的湿冷使他们感到不安 两人但愿之前没有接受Jack的提议来到此处挑战 一 根据常识 经验猜生词Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread ThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel 猜词能力 猜词能力 二 根据上下文解释做出判断 1 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词 Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully 2 利用事例或解释猜生词 Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye 3 利用重复解释的信息猜生词 Mr Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually neitherearlynorlate 4 根据同位关系进行判断 The Chunnel atunnel 隧道 connectingEnglandandFrance isnowcomplete andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo Saxon orOldEnglish aGermaniclanguage 同位语 or thatis tosay inotherwords namely 三 利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义Oneoftheobstaclestofalsereadingisvocalizing sayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoice Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry knownasalchemy grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesA D 猜词能力 However tosucceedinlife ourfirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical And inadditiontothat inordertogetreallygoodatsomething oneneedstospendatleast10 000hoursstudyingandpractising 2013广东卷 Theunderlinedwordthatrefersto A beinggoodatsomethingB settingapracticalgoalC puttinginmoretimeD succeedinginlife 猜词能力 四 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文章中的代词it th