unit5creatingacaribbeanspringfestival.doc

此文档收集于网络，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除Unit5 creating a caribbean spring feativalObjectivesA topics and functions talking about festivals and activitiesTalking about the procedures of preparation and celebrationa Talking about folk customsB language knowledgeWords and phrases for Describing activities of festivalsExpressing customary or ceremonial celebrationsPart 1 brainstorming1.Expressions for Chinese festival:n (1) Spring Festival n (2) New Years Dayn (3) The Lantern Festival 元宵节n (4) ChinMing Festival / Tombing Sweeping Festival 清明节n (5) Chinese Youth Day 青年节n (6) The Armys Festival 建军节n (7) Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节n (8) New Years Eve 除夕n (9) National Day 国庆节n (10) Double Nineth Festival 重阳节n (11)The seventh evening of the seventh day 七夕2. Expressions for time before and after a festival:n (1) New Years Even (2) The Christmas Even (3) Halloweens Even (4) Easters Eve3.Expressions for activities for group celebrations:n (1) Dancingn (2) Singingn (3) Huntingn (4) Boatingn (5) Squibbing 放爆竹n (6) Fireworks 放烟花n (7) Firecrackers 放鞭炮n (8) Splasing Water 泼水节n (9) Wrestling 摔跤n (10) Horse Racing 赛马4.Expressions for activities for family celebrations:n 1) Family getting togethern (2) Enjoying the glorious full moonn (3) Having dinnern (4) Going outn (5) Ancestor worship 祭祖n (6) Bonfire night 篝火晚会n (7) Getting red packets 红包5.Expressions for activities for childrens celebrations:n (1) Squibbing firecrackersn (2) Giving good wishesn (3) Getting gifts from parentsn (4) Wearing new clothesn (5) Eating delicious6.Expressions for traditional foods at the festival dinner:n (1) Steamed bread 馒头n (2) Dumplingsn (3) Yuanxiao 元宵n (4) Mooncaken (5) Rice dumpling 粽子n (6) Glutionous rice cake 糍粑n (7) Rum sweet wine dessert 甜酒Festivals In English Speaking Countriesp On Jan. 1 New Years Day p On Feb. 14 Valentine s Dayp In March or April Easter p On Apr. 1 April Fools Day p In May Mothers Dayp On May 3 Memorial Day (U.S., Canada)p In June Fathers Day, Childrens Dayp On July 4 Independence Day (U.S.)p In September Labor Day (U.S., Canada)p In October Thanksgiving Day (U.S., Canada)p On Nov. 5 Guy Fawkes Day (U.K.)p In November Halloween/All Saints Day p In December Christmasp After Christmas Boxing Day (U.K., Canada)Part 2 speakingTask 1: InterviewInterview one of your classmates about his/ her views on festivals, and then report your interview in small groups.He thinks that the most important festival to Chinese is the Spring Festival, because it is a traditional festival for family reunion. During the Spring Festival, the most important thing in his family is the New Year Eves dinner. All family members gather together to have a feast. This is an event that bears much cultural significance and is more than just delicious food. After the dinner, like many other families, his family will stay up till the midnight, see off the old year while waiting for the coming of the New Year. His parents and grandparents will give him some money as a lunar New Year gift. At midnight the celebration reaches its climax with the sound of firecrackers. On the first day of the New Year, his family often visits relatives and friends to extend their New Year Greetings. The celebration usually lasts until the 15th day, the Lantern Festival.Task 2: Short TalkPrepare a short talk about a festival moment you have experienced or an unusual or interesting celebration you have had or seen. Then give the talk in pairs. The most unforgettable celebration I have had on campus was my 20th birthday. I was a freshman then and was away from home for the first time. I missed home very much especially when my birthday was coming near, because my parents usually celebrated my birthday for me. On the morning of my birthday, nothing seemed special except some birth-day cards sent by my former classmates. That after-noon, I was in my dormitory and unexpectedly my parents came. They traveled a long way to this city I am studying in, bringing with them a birthday cake to celebrate my birthday. Mixed feeling came upon me when I saw them, tired but happy after a six-hour ride on bus. I had thought of receiving a phone callfrom my parents but I had never expected that they would bother to go that extra mile to make my birthday happy and memorable. Although we all have birthdays and we celebrate our own and those of friends many times in the course of our lifetime, I will never forget my first birthday I have had on campus because it always reminds me of my parents love for me. Task 3: Story TellingRead the directions on page 67 look at the picture and speculate on Spring Festival celebrations on MarsNew Activities on MarsThis year is our first festival on Mars. One of the differences I noticed was the celebration on Mars was not as noisy as that on the earth. We were instructed by the security bureau days before the festival that fireworks were strictly prohibited. In fact they dont need to worry about that because the space shuttle does not allow us to bring fireworks to Mars. Maybe they were worried about bootlegs who smuggled fireworks to our space station. For more information about Mars, read:1. The Sands of Mars by A.C. Clarke (1917- )2. Red Planet by R.A. Heinlein (1907-1988) 3. The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury (1920- ) 4. Mars, Return to Mars by Ben Bova (1932- ) 5. Mars trilogy (Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars) by Kim Stanley Robinson (1952- ) 6. The Martians by Kim Stanley Robinson (1952- ) Part 3 Reading ComprehensionDiscuss the following questions.1. Do you like the Spring Festival best? 2. Do you think it is less festive than before? 3. Do you think its necessary to keep our traditional culture? 4. What should we do to keep the most important traditional Chinese festivalthe Spring Festival? Lunar New Year Chinese New Year or Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is sometimes called the Lunar New Year, especially by people outside China. It is an important holiday in East Asia. The festival traditionally begins on the first day of the first lunar month in the Chinese calendar and ends on the 15th; this day is called Lantern Festival.Kitchen God In Chinese folk religion and Chinese mythology, the Kitchen God, named Zao Jun or Zao Shen ， is the most important of a plethora of Chinese domestic gods (gods of courtyards, wells, doorways, etc.). It is believed that on the twenty third day of the twelfth lunar month, just before Chinese New Year he returns to Heaven to report the activities of every household over the past year to the Jade Emperor (Yu Huang) who rewards or punishes each household accordingly.Jade Emperor The Jade Emperor ，is the Taoist ruler of Heaven and all realms of existence below including that of Man and Hell according to a version of Taoist mythology. He is one of the most important gods of the Chinese Taoist pantheons.New Year coupletTaboos1. For years, people believe that they should not get a haircut during the first two days of the Lunar New Year, as this could cause the death of someone in the family.2. Another old convention told that bad luck would shadow anyone who shed blood on New Years Day. 3. Another New Years no-no is using scissors and kitchen knives. Therefore, in the past, many tailors stopped work for a few days. 4. The entire house should be cleaned before New Years Day. On New Years Eve, all brooms, brushes, dusters, dustpans and other cleaning equipment are put away. Sweeping or dusting should not be done on New Years Day for fear that good fortune will be swept away. Everyone should refrain from using foul language and bad or unlucky words. Negative terms and the word four/SI/, which sounds like the word for death, are not to be uttered. Death and dying are never mentioned and ghost stories are totally taboo. References to the past year are also avoided, as everything should be turned toward the New Year and a new beginning. On New Years Day, people are not supposed to wash their hair because it would mean washing away good luck for the New Year. Greetings1. Best wishes for the year to come!2. Good luck in the year ahead!3. May you come into a good fortune!4. Live long and prosper.5. May many fortunes find their way to you!6. I wish you longevity and health.Discovering the Spring FestivalPara 1 1 make an offer要价，出价还价make an offer还价，出价 make a profit 在.上赚钱 .eg Inonestudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoshopforanew car,thenmakeanofferto buy it.在一个研究中，研究人员让被试购买一辆新车，然后出价。2 swarm vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集n. 蜂群；一大群vt. 挤满；爬v.swarmed,swarming,swarms To move or emerge in a swarm.To leave a hive as a swarm. Used of bees.To move or gather in large numbers.To be overrun; teem:Eg a riverbank swarming with insects. v.tr.To fill with a crowd:eg sailors swarming the ships deck.3 appropriate英prprt美proprtadj. 适当的vt. 占用；拨出 过去式 appropriated 过去分词 appropriated 现在分词 appropriating 适当的恰当拨出短语Appropriate technology适用技术 ; 适宜技术 ; 适当科技 ; 适当的科学技术appropriate time适当时间 ; 合适的时间 ; 适当的时间if appropriate任选地 ; 如果有的话 ; 如果适当 ; 在适当情况下4 diminish vt. 使减少；使变小vi. 减少，缩小；变小To become smaller or less，decrease Eg diminish the cost of production 减小生产成本He likes to diminish the skill of others. 他喜欢贬低别人的技术。His illness diminished his strength.他的病削弱了他的体力。Para 2 1 mildewn. Any of various fungi that form a superficial, usually whitish growth on plants and various organic materials.powdery mildew 白粉病, 白粉菌wheat mildew 小麦霉v.t/i mildewed, mildewing,mildews To affect or become affected with mildew.2 detaindetain英dten美dtenvt. 拘留；留住；耽搁automatic detain自动扣留detain provisionally法暂行拘留detain flood滞洪耽搁，使延迟；留住；阻住，阻止：The heavy traffic detained us for half an hour.拥挤的交通使我们耽搁了半个小时。The bad weather detained the travellers for several hours.恶劣的天气耽搁了旅行者几个小时。扣押，拘留，禁闭；挽留：The police detained the suspect to make further inquiries.警察拘留那个嫌疑犯以便进一步审查。3 devoid adj. 缺乏的；全无的adj. Completely lacking; destitute or empty:a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness.一部缺乏创意和情趣的小说be devoid of common sense缺乏常识A well devoid of water is useless . 无水的井没有用途。Strategies for Translating Chinese Dish Names Concerning the cultural disparities, the translator should adopt the proper strategies so as to make his versionmore understandable and acceptable. Literal translation Literal translation is a strategy frequently used in translating Chinese dish names. When the target readerunderstands the information in the source text easily and clearly, the dish names may be translated literally.Most of the Chinese dishes are named after cooking methods, cooking utensils, ingredients, etc., the dishnames may be translated word-by-word. We may divide the dish names into several categories:concerning boiling (煮) Boiling includes instant boiling (即煮即食) and quick boiling (快煮). Hot pot belongs to instant boiling.Quick boiling means pouring the boiled soup on the utensil with food or pouring the food into boiled water andthen heating it, using small fire. For example: 盐水虾 - boiled shrimps with shell in salt water 煮羊腿 - boiled leg of mutton 葱油白鸡 - boiled chicken with scallions 涮羊肉 - instant boiled mutton 汆鲫鱼萝卜丝 - quick boiled crucian carp with shredded turnip;concerning stewing (煲、炖、焖) Stewing usually means cooking fish, meat, vegetables etc. slowly in simmering water, gravy or mixedingredients in a closed container. For instance: 甲鱼裙边煨肥猪肉- stewed calipash and calipee with fat pork 虾仁扒豆腐 - stewed shelled shrimps and tofu 鱼圆烧海参 - stewed sea cucumbers with fish balls 炖栗子鸡 - stewed chicken with chestnuts and green pepper 烧青衣鱼头 - stewed green wrasse head;Strategies for Translating Chinese Dish Names Concerning the cultural disparities, the translator should adopt the proper strategies so as to make his versionmore understandable and acceptable. Literal translation Literal translation is a strategy frequently used in translating Chinese dish names. When the target readerunderstands the information in the source text easily and clearly, the dish names may be translated literally.Most of the Chinese dishes are named after cooking methods, cooking utensils, ingredients, etc., the dishnames may be translated word-by-word. We may divide the dish names into several categories:concerning boiling (煮) Boiling includes instant boiling (即煮即食) and quick boiling (快煮). Hot pot belongs to instant boiling.Quick boiling means pouring the boiled soup on the utensil with food or pouring the food into boiled water andthen heating it, using small fire. For example: 盐水虾 - boiled shrimps with shell in salt water 煮羊腿 - boiled leg of mutton 葱油白鸡 - boiled chicken with scallions 涮羊肉 - instant boiled mutton 汆鲫鱼萝卜丝 - quick boiled crucian carp with shredded turnip;concerning stewing (煲、炖、焖) Stewing usually means cooking fish, meat, vegetables etc. slowly in simmering water, gravy or mixedingredients in a closed container. For instance: 甲鱼裙边煨肥猪肉- stewed calipash and calipee with fat pork 虾仁扒豆腐 - stewed shelled shrimps and tofu 鱼圆烧海参 - stewed sea cucumbers with fish balls 炖栗子鸡 - stewed chicken with chestnuts and green pepper 烧青衣鱼头 - stewed green wrasse head;Concerning braising (烧) and braising with soy sauce (红烧) Braising refers to cooking meat or vegetables slowly with gravy or other soup in a closed container until themeat turns brown. 干烧四季豆 - braised green bean 鱼香茄子 - braised egg plant 鸡翼鲍鱼片 - braised abalone with chicken wings 辣味烩虾 - braised prawns with chili sauce 烧元鱼 - braised soft-shelled turtle 红烧牛尾 - braised ox tail with brown sauce;concerning frying (油炸) Cooking something in boiling fat or oil is called frying, which may be divided into pan-frying (煎),stir-frying (炒), quick-frying (爆), deep-frying (炸), frying and simmering (扒), twice-cooked stir-frying (回锅).Deep frying includes dry deep-frying (干炸), soft deep-frying (软炸) and crisp deep-frying (脆炸). 煎明虾 - fried prawns with shell in gravy 炒猪腰片 - fried sliced pigs kidney 葱牛肉丝 - fried shredded beef with onion 炸桂鱼 - fried mandarin fish 炝丝田鸡 - fried frogs with ginger 香煎银雪鱼 - pan-fried cod fish in soya sauce 芫爆鳝鱼丝 - stir-fried eel slices with Chinese picklesconcerning baking (烘烤), broiling or grilling (铁烧), roasting (烧烤) Baking means cooking (food) by dry heat in an oven or on a hot surface, without direct exposure to a flame: grilling-cooking (food) under a grill or on a gridiron; roasting-cooking (food, esp. meat) in an oven or by exposure to open heat. 烤乳猪- roast suckling pig 烧焗鸡肝- roast chicken liver 铁扒小笋鸡- grilled spring chicken 奶油烧鱼柳- grilled fish with butter sauce;concerning steaming (蒸) By steaming, it is meant that the food is cooked in steam. Its a frequently used cooking method. 清蒸糟青鱼- steamed black carp with wine 清蒸瓤馅银鱼- steamed stuffed silvery carp 荷叶粉蒸肉- steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in lotus leaves;concerning smoking (熏) Smoking means preserving (meat, fish, etc.) with smoke (from wood fires) to give a spec ial taste. 熏鲑鱼- smoked salmon 熏猪心- smoked pigs heart 熏灌肠- smoked sausage;concerning scalding (白灼) Put the slices, shreds or pieces of ingredients in seasoned boiling water. Boil them for an instant. This method is called scalding. 白灼明虾- scalded prawns 白灼海螺片- scalded sliced conch.Para 5 r. knelt/ kneeled kneeling, kneels To go down or rest on one or both knees. Everyone in church knelt in prayer. 教堂里每个人都跪着祈祷。Para 6 shakyadj. shakier,shakiest Trembling or quivering; tremulous: a shaky voice 颤抖的嗓音Lacking soundness or sturdiness, as of construction: a shaky table 不稳固的桌子Not to be depended on; precarious: a shaky alliance 不可靠的联盟Wavering in firmness: a shaky belief 动摇的信仰Open to question or doubt: shaky evidence 可疑的证据课文译文创造一个加勒比春节我记得在我很小的时候，在农历新年前一天我们得敬灶神。妈妈总是告诉我们不要叽叽喳喳地，应该多吃些糖果以便说些甜言蜜语图个吉利。不许打闹，不要让灶神到天宫玉皇大帝那里说对我们家不利的话。除夕之前，妈妈已经进入了繁忙的制作新年食物的过程中，如蒸带馅儿包子的和不带馅儿的馒头。同时爸爸准备新年对联。全家人参与到新年大扫除中，此时全家人都忙得不可开交。每年这个时候，家乡的大街小巷都挤满了人。商店的橱窗都堆满了新年期间所需要的各种食品、礼品。最后但也是很重要的一点，就是新年的年夜饭，这是我最幸福的记忆之一，特别是给小孩子分发的装有压岁钱的红包。对一个小孩来说，新年是一个充满各种优厚待遇的欢乐时光。我十二岁离开家乡，转眼间，二十多年过去了。然而，我的记忆不仅没有减弱，实际上却更加清晰了。去年我随丈夫来到法属歌德洛普的加勒比岛。该岛人口为390000，面积1200平方公里。就是在这儿我和丈夫度过了一生中最惨淡的一个新年。吃的是父母寄来的由于在海关防疫部门扣押太久而发了霉的香肠，我们相拥而泣。今年，我突然有一个好主意，为什么不能在这个没有中国人、中国食品、乃至中国新年春节气息的地方再创我少年的新年呢？利用和丈夫一块儿的商业旅行我到了法属几内亚，在这里我能买到中国食物和印度佐料。随后，我到了一家文具店买了仅剩的两张红纸，然后开始行动，邀请我们所有的朋友并让那些会做中国菜的人提供一两道菜。我从一个日本朋友那儿借了书法墨汁并用去年妈妈送给我的毛笔写了一幅新年对联，由于我害怕没有时间向朋友解释对联，我又用法语写出了译文。我还让一位英国朋友将红纸叠成红包，用来装新年的压岁钱打发孩子们。我们期待的一天终于到来了。年初三是个天星期天，60多个大人和小孩聚集在一起欢庆牛年。我为这群来自世界各地的人摆上了令人惊奇的中国菜。我做了蚂蚁上树，花卷（凭生第一次做花卷，看上去怪怪的，我怀疑“真正”的中国人也没吃过），盐水炖鸡。我的法国朋友带来了宫爆鸡丁，红烧猪肉，广州炒饭。日本朋友带来了寿司和生鱼色拉。印度朋友带来了五味猪排，牡蠣牛肉。我们的越南朋友带来了越式香肠和小月饼，同时英国朋友还带来了各种美味可口的糕点。那些不会做中国菜的人带来了法国红酒和香槟。我们特意准备了一些红色卡片，把桌子上每道菜都用汉语和法语标上名。我的朋友们发现那道名叫蚂蚁上树的传统菜最新奇。不到半个小时，我们做的菜都被吃了个精光。饭后，我们宣布是分发红包的时候了，并解释说当父母给压岁钱时小孩子应该跪下并磕头。谁能想到当我端上一盘红包时那些孩子会向我跪下磕头呢？我快速地扶起他们，并再次解释道，他们应向自己的父母下跪磕头。我的丈夫说那是他第一次亲眼见到红包的威力。在歌德洛普做件事情是要花时间的，但是这消息传得很快。新年庆祝结束后岛上各种组织一个个地来与我们接触并要求我们“夫妻协会”开一个讨论会介绍中国文化。离开中国许多年的我们意识到我们已经有些淡忘了中国文化知识，别人可能会看出我们是冒牌的中国人。因此，我们开始看中文报纸和杂志来了解我们的祖国。(李德智译，吕睿中校)感恩节 (十一月的第四个星期四)如果一个环球游客从迈阿密海岸到夏威夷的热带海滨作感恩节旅行，沿途当他停驻在一户户人家时，也许他会对于假日旅游风景的千篇一律感到惊讶无比。不论在大家庭，小家庭或是中等家庭；不论在乡村，城市或是郊区，他都会发现远处的或是近处的亲戚们都会聚在一起庆贺每年的团聚。在已经准备好的盛宴上，他会听到一些快乐的交谈声中混杂着有关家庭消息的交流，关于天气的评论，政治观点的见解和对精美的桌面上的装饰的称赞。他会看到有限的桌面伸到了极限，精美的火鸡下面的白纸上标上了所有的成年人的座次。平时等待命令的那些孩子们一见女主人从厨房里出来解下围裙，就会在临近的房间里的游戏桌边找好他们的位子。他看见一位长辈为感谢此年的丰收而虔诚地为来年祈祷时，所有的人都陷入一种克制的沉默里。感恩节作为美国的节假日，是在1621年第一次被普里茅斯殖民地的英国移民者所庆祝。这一天以