2014-2015学年天津市第一中学高一下学期期中考试 语文.doc
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2014-2015学年天津市第一中学高一下学期期中考试 物理一、选择题（共14小题，其中18题为单项选择题；914题为多项选择题）1一个物体受到恒定的合力作用而做曲线运动，则下列说法正确的是 da物体的速率可能不变b物体一定做匀变速曲线运动，且速率一定增大c物体可能做匀速圆周运动d物体受到的合力与速度的夹角一定越来越小2如图所示，某人向对面的山坡上水平抛出两个质量不等的石块，分别落到a、b两处不计空气阻力，则落到b处的石块 ba初速度大，运动时间长 b初速度大，运动时间短c初速度小，运动时间长 d初速度小，运动时间短3如图所示，一个匀速转动的半径为r的水平圆盘上放着两个木块，木块m放在圆盘的边缘处，木块n放在离圆心 处，木块m和n质量之比为1:3，且与圆盘摩擦因数相等，它们都随圆盘一起做匀速圆周运动。下列说法中正确的是 ca m、n两木块的线速度大小相等b m所受摩擦力小于n所受的摩擦力c m的向心加速度是n的3倍d 若圆盘运动加快，n相对于圆盘先发生相对运动4某人造地球卫星因受高空稀薄空气的阻力作用，绕地球运转的轨道会慢慢改变，每次测量中卫星的运动可近似看作圆周运动某次测量卫星的轨道半径为r1，后来变为r2（r2r1）v1、v2表示卫星在这两个轨道上的速度大小，t1、t2表示卫星在这两个轨道上绕地球运动的周期，则bav2v1，t1t2 bv2v1，t1t2cv2v1，t1t2 dv2v1，t1t25. 如图所示，运输人员要把质量为m的体积较小的木箱拉上汽车，现将长为l的木板搭在汽车的尾部与地面之间，构成一个固定的斜面，然后用平行斜面的力将木箱匀速拉上汽车，斜面与水平地面成30角，木箱与斜面间的动摩擦因数为，重力加速度为g，则此过程拉力做功为ca b c d6铁路提速要解决许多具体的技术问题，其中提高机车牵引力功率是一个重要的问题，若匀速行驶时，列车所受阻力与速度平方成正比，即f=kv2那么，当列车分别以120km/h和40km/h的速度在水平轨道上匀速行驶时，机车的牵引力功率之比为ca3:1 b9:1 c27:1 d81：17. 月球与地球质量之比约为1:80，有研究者认为月球和地球可视为一个由两质点构成的双星系统，他们都围绕地月连线上某点o做匀速圆周运动。据此观点，可知月球与地球绕o点运动的线速度大小之比约为aa80:1 b. 1:80 c. 1:6400 d. 6400:1 8.将月球、地球同步卫星以及静止在赤道上的物体三者进行比较，下列说法正确的是ba三者都只受万有引力的作用，万有引力提供向心力b月球绕地球运动的向心加速度小于地球同步卫星的向心加速度c地球同步卫星的速度小于静止在赤道上的物体随地球自转的速度d地球同步卫星的向心加速度小于静止在赤道上的物体的向心加速度9如图所示，人站在自动扶梯的水平台阶上，假定沿扶梯一起加速上升，在这个过程中b da人受到的摩擦力等于零，对人不做功b人受到的摩擦力水平向左，对人做正功c人受到支持力对人不做功d人受到的合力对人做正功10质量为m的小球，用一根轻绳系在o点，在竖直平面内做半径为r的圆周运动，小球到达最高点时的速度为，到达最低点时的速度变为，两点速度大小的关系为，则b ca最低点的速度的最小值为b最低点的速度的最小值为c最低点和最高点细绳张力的差值是6mgd最低点和最高点细绳张力的差值是5mg11.如图所示，一根细线下端拴着一个金属小球p，细线的上端固定在一个金属块q上，q放在带小孔（小孔光滑）的水平面上，小球p在某一水平面内做匀速圆周运动。现使p在更高一些的水平面内做匀速圆周运动，两次金属块q都静止在桌面的同一位置，则后一种情况与原来的情况相比b ca小球p运动的角速度变小 b小球p运动的向心加速度变大c小球q受到的静摩擦力变大 d细线所受拉力变小12铁路在弯道处的内外轨道高低是不同的，其倾角为，弯道半径为r，若质量为m的火车转弯时速度小于，则a da. 内轨对内测车轮轮缘有挤压b. 外轨对外测车轮轮缘有挤压c. 铁轨对火车的支持力等于d. 铁轨对火车的支持力小于13 2013年12月2日1时30分，搭载月球车和着陆器的嫦娥三号月球探测器从西昌卫星发射中心升空，飞行约18min后，嫦娥三号进入如下图所示的地月转移轨道ab，a为入口点，b为出口点，嫦娥三号在b点经过近月制动，进入距离月面h=100公里的环月圆轨道，其运行的周期为t；然后择机在月球虹湾地区实行软着陆，展开月面巡视勘察.若以r表示月球半径，忽略月球自转及地球对它的影响.下列说法正确的是a ca嫦娥三号在环绕地球近地圆轨道运行的速度等于7.9km/s b嫦娥三号在环绕地球近地圆轨道运行时，处于完全失重状态，故不受重力c月球表面的重力加速度大小为 d月球的第一宇宙速度为14一摩托车在竖直的圆轨道内侧做匀速圆周运动，人和车的总质量为m，轨道半径为r，车经最高点时发动机功率为p0，车对轨道的压力为2mg.设轨道对摩托车的阻力与车对轨道的压力成正比，则a b ca车经最低点时对轨道的压力为4mgb车经最低点时发动机功率为2p0c车从最低点运动到最高点的过程合外力做功一定为零d车从最低点运动到最高点的过程中重力做功为2mgr二、填空题（共4小题）15如图所示，两个啮合齿轮，小齿轮半径为r大齿轮半径为2r大齿轮中c点离圆心o2的距离为ra、b分别为两个齿轮边缘上的点，则a、b两点的角速度之比为a：b= 2:1 b、c两点的线速度之比为vb：vc= 2：1 a、c两点的向心加速度之比为aa：ac= 4:1 16如图所示，某小船从河岸的a点出发，保持船身与垂直河岸的方向成=37的方向朝河对岸匀速行驶，小船在静水中的速度为，河水的速度为且保持不变，河宽为96m，则小船过河的时间为 20 s。 17如图所示，人用细绳通过光滑定滑轮拉起地面上的质量为m的物体a，a穿在光滑的竖直杆上沿杆以速度v匀速上升。某一时刻细绳与竖直杆的夹角为，则此时人拉细绳的速度为 vcos ，人拉力的功率为 mgv 。（重力加速度为g）18在做“研究平抛运动”实验时，（1）除了木板、白纸、小球、斜槽轨道、铅笔、图钉之外，还需要下列哪些器材 a b a重垂线 b刻度尺 c天平 d秒表（2）实验时，让小球多次沿同一轨道运动，经过描点法画出小球做平抛运动的轨迹，为了能较准确的描绘运动轨迹，下面列出了一些操作要求，你认为正确的是 a b d a必须调节斜槽末端保持水平b每次必须由静止释放小球c记录小球经过不同高度的位置时，每次必须严格地等距下降d固定白纸的木板必须调节成竖直e每次释放小球的位置必须不同f斜槽轨道必须光滑 g将小球经过不同高度的位置记录在纸上后，取下纸，用直尺将点连成折线（3）如图是一个小球平抛运动的频闪照相的一部分，图中背景小方格的边长均为5cm，则闪光的时间间隔为 0.1 s，小球做平抛运动的速度大小为 1.5 m/s（）三、计算题（共4小题）19我国首次执行载人航天飞行的“神州”六号飞船于2005年10月12日在中国酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，由“长征2f”运载火箭将飞船送入近地点为a、远地点为b的椭圆轨道上。椭圆轨道上近地点a距地面的高度为h1，实施变轨后，进入预定圆轨道，如图所示。在预定圆轨道上飞行n圈所用时间为t，之后返回。已知引力常量为g，地球表面的重力加速度为g，地球半径为r，求：（1）飞船在预定圆轨道上运动的周期为多大？（2）预定圆轨道距地面高度为多大？（3）飞船在近地点a处的加速度为多大？ 解析：（1） t=（2） （3） 20汽车发动机的额定功率为60kw，在平直公路上行驶的最大速度为12m/s，汽车质量为5000kg，若汽车从静止开始先做加速度为0.5m/s2的匀加速直线运动，达到额定功率后以额定功率行驶，在运动过程中阻力不变试求：（1）汽车受到的阻力大小；（2）汽车匀加速直线运动的最大速度；（3）汽车速度为10m/s时的加速度大小解析：（1）且f1=ff=5000n （2） f2=7500n （3） 21如图所示，用内壁光滑的薄壁细管弯成的“s”形轨道固定于竖直平面内，其弯曲部分是由两个半径均为r的半圆平滑对接而成（圆的半径远大于细管内径），轨道底端d点与光滑的水平地面相切。现一质量为m物体以某一速度进入“s”形轨道，从轨道的最高点a飞出后，恰好垂直撞在固定斜面b上的c点，c点与下半圆的圆心等高。已知斜面的倾角为30。求：（1）小车到达c点时的速度大小为多少? （2）在a点小球对轨道的压力是多少，方向如何？ 解析：（1） （2） 竖直向上22如图所示，光滑水平面内有个带有固定弯杆的小车，将一长l=0.80m的轻绳一端固定在弯杆的端点，另一端连接一质量=0.10kg的小球，悬点到小车上表面的距离为h = 1.00m开始时小车连同小球一起在水平面上做匀速直线运动，速度大小在运动过程中轻绳碰到一个相对地面静止的钉子p（）（1）若轻绳碰到钉子时立刻断裂，且轻绳断裂前后小车的速度认为不变。从绳子断裂开始到小球落在小车上表面的过程中，小车前进的距离？（2）若轻绳所能承受的最大拉力fm = 9.0n，要使碰钉子后瞬间细绳不被拉断，则钉子p到小球的距离d应满足什么条件？（3）在（2）的情况下，试画出碰钉子后瞬间轻绳拉力f与钉子到小球的距离d间的关系图像。（标出特殊点的具体数值，但不需要写出计算过程）解析：（1） （2） （3）2014-2015学年天津市第一中学高一下学期期中考试 英语第一卷i. 听力 （共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. what is the man? a. a doctorb. a tailorc. a waiter2. where does the conversation take place? a. at home.b. in the street.c. in a restaurant3. what are the speakers going to do? a. do some cooking.b. stop to eat.c. go into a dining room.4. what does the woman think of coming back by coach? a. its comfortable.b. its expensive.c. its time-saving.5. whats the possible relationship between the speakers? a. teacher and student.b. manager and secretary.c. police officer and driver.第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. why does the man thank the woman?a. because she has helped him a lot.b. because she has invited him for coffee. c. because she has agreed to see him on monday.7. when does the conversation take place? a. before class.b. after class.c. after work.8. whats the relationship between the speakers? a. classmates.b. teacher and student.c. relatives.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9. what does the man probably do? a. a manager.b. a salesman.c. a cleaner.10. what isnt needed for his job? a. copying machine.b. wax.c. floor-polishing machine.11. whats the possible relationship between the speakers? a. employer and employee.b. mother and son.c. teacher and student.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12. what does the woman do in the group? a. play the violin.b. play the piano.c. sing for the group.13. what can we learn from the conversation?a. glory david is the director of the group.b. glory david will direct at tomorrows concert. c. glory david will teach the man to play the violin.14. when does the woman want the man to come? a. this wednesday.b. next wednesday.c. tomorrow.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15. what is probably the globe and mail? a. a tv show.b. a newspaper.c. a magazine.16. when is american idol on? a. every thursday.b. every tuesday.c. every other tuesday.17. who is jay grymes? a. an assistant professor.b. a director.c. a fan of a singing star.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. when will the activity be organized? a. on june 14th.b. on july 30th.c. on june 30th.19. how many hours will the activity last? a. ten hours.b. eleven hours.c. eleven and a half hours.20. which of the following is wrong?a. there are many kinds of tasty food.b. you can enjoy three famous singers voices. c. money raised from ticket selling will be donated (捐赠). ii. 单项选择（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）21. - philip! hurry up! - _. we still have half an hour before the movie begins. a. it doesnt matterb. take your timec. its up to youd. its a deal22. the apec meeting in beijing is _ success and has achieved _ desired results. a. a; theb. the; ac. the; thed. a; a23. last month, part of southeast asia was hit by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.a. that b. whose c. those d. what24. - why, you are wet all over!- i _ just now and i rushed all the way here. a. was caught in the rainb. was caught by the rainc. caught by raind. caught up a rain25. - frequent lack of breakfast does harm to health. - _, why do you always do that?a. so whatb. if soc. if anyd. even so26. neither you nor she, i think, _ the truth behind the accident. a. have toldb. are tellingc. has toldd. tells27. i like your products very much _ quality but i think the price is too high. a. in charge ofb. in place ofc. in terms ofd. in spite of28. there is no flight because of the heavy rain, so many passengers could do nothing but _ the train. a. to takeb. takingc. takend. take29. science and art, which are the spiritual wealth man creates in the course of social development, both belong to the _ of culture. a. categoryb. conditionc. positiond. exhibition30. the construction work is progressing properly. _, the bridge across the river will be open to traffic in ten months.a. thankfullyb. fortunatelyc. graduallyd. hopefully31. kathy _ a lot of chinese when she was working in beijing during the summer vacation. a. took up b. picked upc. brought upd. turned up32. she says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.a. if b. when c. afterd. unless33. we have a website _ you can get a lot of information about our new products for free.a. whichb. wherec. how d. why34. at first they disliked each other, but they _ getting married after going through a lot together. a. put upb. come upc. ended upd. held up35. the volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain, _ several villages.a. buriedb. to buryc. buryingd. being buried36. she was so interested in the book that she _ it for three hours _ she realized it. a. had read, after b. had read, before c. read, when d. read, until37. our manager _ a big rise in sales of computers in the second half of this year, and the sale result has proved that hes right. a. designsb. wishesc. forecastsd. measures38. mr. green is said _ an experiment to prove the efficiency of the method when he was young.a. to have doneb. to doc. to be doingd. to have been doing39. - what do you think of the movie? - its fantastic. the only pity is that i _ the beginning of it. a. missb. had missedc. missedd. would miss40. it was only after he had read the papers mr. gross realized the task was extremely difficult to complete.a. that b. when c. which d. whatiii. 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）i was looking at a picture in the museum and noticed something different. the frame (画框) was _41_. though the overall picture still looked good, i couldnt _42_ whether or not a new frame made it better. an interesting _43_ came to my mind. at times when i was _44_ i would buy clothes. since i have a love for _45_, i thought i would feel good after buying new clothes. however, even if i bought a lot, the feeling still _46_ me. why? because doing this didnt _47_ the real issue. what i needed to do was to pay attention to what was bothering me on the inside _48_ trying to ignore my problems by making changes on the outside, just like the frame changed, while the picture was still the same. we may buy new clothes or even change the _49_ of our hair. there is nothing wrong if you do these _50_, but if it is often being done for emotional reasons, it may not _51_. so try to change it if you _52_ something wrong with you. _53_ time with family, having a conversation with a friend, or even letting your pen write your feelings can _54_. eventually, you will get _55_ peace and joy inside. this way, not only will you be better able to _56_ your feelings, but also better your life through feeling the love from others. so _57_, dont just change the frame. change the _58_. getting a new picture may be _59_ and may take time; however, it will finally turn out _60_! anyway, next time i feel blue, i wont spend so much money on new clothes again.41. a. touchedb. changedc. coveredd. cleaned42. a. tellb. discussc. doubtd. answer43. a. storyb. thoughtc. messaged. concept44. a. highb. upc. downd. below45. a. foodb. musicc. architectured. fashion46. a. pleasedb. controlledc. supportedd. troubled47. a. raiseb. recognizec. avoidd. solve48. a. instead ofb. in case ofc. because ofd. in spite of49. a. widthb. colorc. numberd. structure50. a. suddenlyb. finallyc. occasionallyd. gradually51. a. make a differenceb. get throughc. take a chanced. pass by52. a. wonderb. carec. sensed. appreciate53. a. devotingb. spendingc. killingd. affording54. a. helpb. happenc. returnd. appear55. a. littleb. simplec. muchd. true56. a. knowb. sharec. improved. express57. a. believeb. enjoyc. imagined. remember58. a. pictureb. museumc. wayd. environment59. a. convenientb. difficultc. simpled. necessary60. a. changingb. respectablec. worthwhiled. challengingiv. 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）aitalian language immersion class in chicago, illinoislanguage stars: funimmersion italian class at language stars in illinois provides fun, full language immersion programs (全语言沉浸式教学) for children aged (1-10). also: spanish, french, german and mandarin chinese. throughout their 3-hour class every day, the children take part in full-immersion activities, create art projects, sing and enjoy themselves all in italian!quality teachers: teachers are the single greatest driver of the quality of our programs! language stars carefully selects our native-speaking italian teachers, who have received extensive (广泛的) training before starting their teaching careers.teaching style: language stars makes learning a language fun, through a mix of games, songs, puppet shows, arts & crafts, cooking projects, treasure hunts, movement and drama, all in the foreign language. our unique funimmersion method is the best way for children to enjoy learning a foreign language.the benefits of learning a language at a young age: it is uniquely suitable for young children to learn a second language. exposing your child to a second language allows a child to optimize (使最优化) his or her learning potential, helping to shape the brain at its most flexible stage. learning a second language at a young age is as easy as learning a first language.language immersion programs for kids (aged 1-10): language stars offers play-based, full immersion programs in small groups of 4-8 children in italian, spanish, french, german and mandarin chinese in three exciting formats:- parents & kids (aged 1-3)- kids only classes (aged 3-5, 5-8, 8-10)- summer immersion campfree trial class: during a free class we encourage your child to participate as if he / she is enrolled.tuition fee: $ 600address: 2105 n. southport, chicago, illinois, usa61. what do you know about the language stars? a. its teachers come from different countries throughout the world. b. children can spend 3 hours every week learning italian. c. it aims to teach children english through playing. d. it provides language immersion programs for children.62. it can be learned from the passage that _. a. learning a second language at a young age helps a kid to increase his or her learning ability b. parents can attend all the classes together with their children c. language immersion programs are intended for children over 10. d. children can speak their native language when they are doing their activities63. which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? a. contact information.b. accommodation.c. tuition.d. courses and activities.b my daughter alisa was born blind in her right eye and was bullied (欺侮) pretty severely in school. so i quit my job as a babysitter and then schooled my daughter heart and soul at home. a year ago a boy of 14 befriended my daughter on facebook after reading something alisa wrote about bullying. today he messaged her and asked if she would like six tickets to a colorado rockies baseball game. they have never met in person but she said, “sure! that would be great.” then i received a call from his mother explaining why her son had chosen my daughter. she said he thought my daughter deserved them because of all the good she did in the community. her son, she explained, had experienced a similar situation and was also home schooled. what she said is true. now my daughter alisa continues to teach groups of girls in trouble in our community how to look within themselves for the positive and how to be themselves. everything taken into consideration, we decided to meet the mother and the boy at a local bike shop. after meeting, the boy approached my car and my daughter gave him a hug and thanked him for his generosity. she told him that she had never been to a baseball game and that she was going to take her entire family, including myself, her dad, little sister, her cousin and an aunt who has brain cancer. we all thanked one another, got in our car, and went our way. as we drove home my daughter opened the envelope. inside it were the tickets and $100 each to buy hot dogs, pay for parking and not have any worries but a great time. my daughter has always been the giver and now she and our family are the receivers and i can not tell you how incredibly honored we feel to be on the other end. what an incredible young man to have such a kind idea!64. how did the boy get to know the authors daughter alisa? a. they met when buying tickets to a baseball game. b. they got in touch via the internet. c. they became familiar when talking face to face. d. they went to the same school and got to know each other.65. why did the boy want to offer alisa free tickets to a colorado rockies baseball game? a. alisa was physically disabled and he showed pity on her. b. he had a lot in common with alisa and appreciated her. c. alisa often helped those in trouble in the community. d. he had experienced a similar situation.66. which of the following best describes the passage? a. good is rewarded with good.b. a friend in need is a friend indeed. c. two heads are better than one.d. treat others in the way you want to be treated.c on a christmas day several years ago, when our children were quite small, my father came to visit and presented his grandchildren with their gifts-a handful of penny balloons. contrary to our expectations, our three little ones gave up their impressive toys and spent the rest of the day with those balloons. it occurred to me that a rule i had been applying to entertaining children on television also applied to raising my own children at home. the rule was the rule of simplicity. my wife, jeanne, and i, like most parents, have cared about the establishment of values for our youngsters, but i wonder whether they have found out how difficult it is to show these values in a world of material distractions. it is difficult to be a kid today. take the matter of todays toys for example. when i was young an airplane was two ice cream sticks tied together. did it look like an airplane? not unless i wanted it to. that is the point. i had to bring some imagination, something of myself to the objects of my play to make it what i wanted it to be. today the toy plane looks eidetic in every detail, the door opens, the stewardess (空乘) steps out and waves. what can a child bring to such a toy? its all there for them. no wonder he becomes tired of it shortly after he receives it. it is often difficult for a youngster to find a place to play a game of ball in this modern world. when we were kids we didnt care if we had 8 or 18 guys for a baseball game. any corner lot would do as a playing field. the uniform was not important, nor was the length of the baseline. however, today everything has to be organized. you have to have the uniform, obey strict regulations. how can you enjoy the play this way? i know you cant turn the world around and go backward. times change; life gets more complex. but that doesnt stop me stressing the simple values on my tv show: saying “please” and “thank you”, being a good neighbor and sharing what you have with others. 67. what did the
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