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安徽省合肥市第三十五中学2018_2019学年高一语文上学期第一次段考试题20200210023.doc
安徽省合肥市第三十五中学2018-2019学年高一上学期第一次段考试题(5科5份).zip
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安徽省合肥市第三十五中学2018-2019学年高一化学上学期第一次段考试题【时间:90分钟 满分:100分】 相对原子质量:h-1 c-12 n-14 o-16 na-23 s-32 cu-64 一、单选题(本大题共15小题,每小题3分,共计45分)1. 唐代中药学著作新修本草中,有关于“青矾”的记录为:“本来绿色,新出窟未见风者,正如琉璃,烧之赤色”据此推测,“青矾”的主要成分为()a. cuso45h2ob. feso47h2oc. kal(so4)212h2od. fe2(so4)39h2o2. 现有三组液体混合物:乙醇与水汽油与水碘的水溶液,分离以上各混合液的正确方法依次是()a. 蒸馏、分液、萃取b. 萃取、蒸馏、分液c. 分液、蒸馏、萃取d. 蒸馏、萃取、分液3. 下列有关实验原理或实验操作正确的是()a. 利用丁达尔效应鉴别fecl3溶液和fe(oh)3胶体b. 只能利用焰色反应可鉴别kcl溶液和na2so4溶液c. 用润湿的ph试纸测量某溶液的phd. 实验室用naoh溶液除去co2中的少量hcl气体4. 用na表示阿伏伽德罗常数值,下列说法正确的是()a. 物质的量浓度为0.5mol/l的mgcl2溶液中,共含有cl-个数为nab. 1mol任何气体的体积都为22.4lc. 7.8gna2o2中所含阴离子的数目是0.1nad.标准状况下,2.24l水中含有的分子数为0.1na5. 下列各组中,两种气体的分子数一定相等的是()a. 温度相同、体积相同的o2和n2b. 体积相等、密度不等的co和c2h4c. 质量相等、密度不等的n2和c2h4d. 压强相同、体积相同的n2和o26. 常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶液中能一定大量共存的是a. 无色透明的溶液中:fe3+、mg2+、scn-、cl-b. 能使酚酞变红的溶液中:k+、na+、co32-、no3-c. c(fe2+)=1moll-1的溶液中:k+、nh4+、mno4-、so42-d. 能和al反应生成h2的溶液中:na+、nh4+、so42-、hco3-7. 下列离子方程式正确的是a. 铝粉投入到naoh溶液中:2al+2oh-=2alo2-+h2b. 钠与硫酸铜溶液反应:cu2+2na=2na+cuc. alcl3溶液中加入足量的氨水:al3+3oh-=al(oh)3d. ba(oh)2溶液与h2so4溶液反应:ba2+2oh-+2h+so42-=baso4+2h2o8. 实验室里可以利用以下反应制取少量氯气:2kmno4+16hcl(浓)=2kcl+2mncl2+8h2o+5cl2,关于该反应的说法正确的是( )a. kmno4中的锰元素被氧化b. cl2既是氧化产物,又是还原产物c. hcl在反应中只做还原剂d. 每生成1molcl2转移电子的物质的量为2mol9. 根据下列反应进行判断,下列各微粒氧化能力由强到弱的顺序正确的是()2mno4-+10cl-+16h+=2mn2+5cl2+8h2o2fecl3+2ki=2fecl2+2kcl+i22fecl2+cl2=2fecl3a. mno4-cl2fe3+i2b. cl-mn2+i-fe2+c. mno4-cl2i2fe3+d. i-fe2+cl-mn2+10. 硅及其化合物应用广泛,下列叙述正确的是( )a.硅酸钠可用于制备木材防火剂 b.水晶项链是硅酸盐制品c.光导纤维的主要成分是晶体硅 d.硅在地壳中主要以游离态形式存在11. 下列有关铝及其化合物的说法正确的是()a. 可用naoh溶液除去fe2o3中的al2o3b. 铝表面有氧化膜保护,铝锅可以长时间盛放酸性溶液c. 氯化铝溶液与naoh溶液互滴现象完全相同d. 实验室常用naoh溶液和alcl3溶液制备al(oh)312. 关于na2co3与nahco3的性质判断正确的是()a. 常温下溶解度:na2co3nahco3b. 热稳定性:na2co3nahco3d. 与澄清石灰水反应,均有白色沉淀生成13. 有关铁的化合物的说法中,错误的是()a. feo不稳定,在空气中加热迅速被氧化成fe2o3b. 由图示操作可制取fe(oh)2c. fe3o4、fe(oh)3都可以由化合反应制得d. fe(oh)3胶体呈红褐色、透明,能发生丁达尔现象14. 不能证明某溶液中含有fe2+的是()a. 该溶液呈浅绿色b. 该溶液中加入naoh溶液,生成白色沉淀并迅速变成灰绿色,最后变为红褐色c. 向该溶液中加入氯水,再滴入几滴kscn溶液,呈红色d. 向该溶液中滴入几滴kscn溶液,不变色,再加入氯水,呈红色15. 下列物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是()a. 明矾用作净水剂b. 液氮用作制冷剂c. 氢氟酸刻蚀玻璃d. 生石灰作干燥剂二、填空题(本大题共2小题,共22分)16. 现有以下物质:naoh晶体干冰铜无水酒精熔融的kno3盐酸hcl (填序号)(1)属于电解质的是 _ , 属于非电解质的是 _ ; (2)既不是电解质也不是非电解质的是 _, 能导电的是 _ 17. 物质的量是高中化学计算的核心: (1)相同物质的量的nh3和h2s的质量比 _ ,分子个数比为 _ ,同温同压下的体积比 _ ,所含氢原子的个数比为 _ (2)现有mg某气体,它的一个分子由四原子构成,它的摩尔质量为mg/mol设阿伏加德罗常数为na, 则: (用含有字母的表达式表示即可)该气体的物质的量为 _ mol 该气体中所含的原子总数为 _ 个 该气体在标准状况下的体积为 _ l 三、实验题(本大题共2小题,共24分)18. 实验室用18.4moll-1的浓硫酸来配制480ml0.2moll-1的稀硫酸可供选用的仪器有:胶头滴管烧瓶烧杯药匙量筒托盘天平玻璃棒请回答下列问题:(1)配制稀硫酸时,上述仪器中不需要使用的有_(选填序号),还缺少的仪器有_(写仪器名称)(2)需要用量筒量取上述浓硫酸的体积为_ml,量取浓硫酸时应选用_(选填10ml50ml100ml)规格的量筒(3)实验中两次用到玻璃棒,其作用分别是:_、_(4)下列对容量瓶及其使用方法的描述中正确的是_a容量瓶上标有容积、温度和浓度b容量瓶用蒸馏水洗净后,必须烘干c配制溶液时,把量好的浓硫酸小心倒入容量瓶中,加入蒸馏水到接近刻度线12cm处,改用胶头滴管加蒸馏水至刻度线d使用前要检查容量瓶是否漏水(5)在配制过程中,下列操作可引起所配溶液浓度偏低的有_(填序号)未洗涤稀释浓硫酸时用过的烧杯和玻璃棒未等稀释后的硫酸溶液冷却至室温就转移到容量瓶中转移前,容量瓶中含有少量蒸馏水定容时,仰视刻度线19. 现将少量fe2o3粉末加入适量稀盐酸,发生反应的离子方程式为_,用所得溶液进行以下实验:(1)取少量溶液于试管中,滴入naoh溶液,观察到有红褐色沉淀生成,反应的离子方程式为_。(2)取少量溶液于试管中,加入少量还原铁粉,振荡,铁粉逐渐溶解,溶液由黄色变为浅绿色,反应的离子方程式为_。(3)在烧杯中加入25ml蒸馏水,加热至沸腾,向沸水中滴加几滴fecl3饱和溶液,继续煮沸直到溶液呈_色,即得到fe(oh)3胶体。将该胶体置于暗处,用一束激光照射,在垂直于光线的方向观察,可以看到一条光的通路,此现象叫做_,是鉴别胶体和_的方法。(4)取少量fe(oh)3胶体,逐滴加入盐酸至过量,可观察到的现象是:先_,然后_,对前一现象的解释是_,对后一现象的解释是(用离子方程式表示)_。四、计算题(本大题共1小题,共9分)20. 浓硫酸和铜在加热时反应,生成so2气体的体积为3.36l(标准状况下)。已知:cu2h2so4(浓)=cuso4so22h2o。试计算:(写出计算过程)(1)so2气体的物质的量是多少?(2)参加反应的硫酸的物质的量是多少?(3)将生成的硫酸铜配制成500ml溶液,则该溶液中溶质的物质的量浓度是多少?化学参考答案1.b 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.a 11.a 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b16.(每空2分,共8分);17.(每空2分,共14分)1:2;1:1;1:1;3:2;mm;4mnam;22.4mm18.(除标注外,每空1分,共10分)(1);500ml容量瓶(2)5.4;(3)搅拌;引流(4)d(2分)(5)(2分)19.(除标注外,每空1分,共14分)fe2o3+6h+=2fe3+3h2o;(2分)(1)fe3+3oh-=fe(oh)3;(2分)(2)2fe3+fe=3fe2+;(2分)(3)红褐;丁达尔效应;溶液;(4)沉淀;又溶解;加入盐酸即加入了电解质,使胶体聚沉;fe(oh)3+3h+=fe3+3h2o。(2分)20.(9分)(1)0.15mol(3分) (2)0.3mol(3分)(3)0.3mol/l(3分)- 6 -安徽省合肥市第三十五中学2018-2019学年高一政治上学期第一次段考试题考试范围:必修一第18课 满分:100分 考试时间:90分钟一、选择题(本大题共25小题,共50.0分)1. 当下,人们对“舌尖上的安全”越来越关心。尽管有机食品的价格明显高于普通食品,但很多人认为“吃得健康比什么都划算”,甚至有人想自己种菜、种粮吃。人们这种自食的农产品()不是商品,因为它没有用于交换是商品,因为它耗费了人类劳动不是商品,因为它只有使用价值是商品,因为它能满足人们的需要a. b. c. d. 2. 小李采用银行按揭方式购买了一套15万元的住房。首付5万元,15年内付清10万元贷款和3万元利息。其中3万元利息、15万元的房价、5万元首付分别体现了货币的()a. 价值尺度流通手段支付手段b. 支付手段价值尺度流通手段c. 流通手段支付手段价值尺度d. 支付手段流通手段价值尺度3. 假定某国2018年待售商品为70亿件,平均每件商品价格为50元,一年内货币平均流通次数为5次,实际发行了货币770亿元。据统计,该国2017年某商品价格为175元,2018年,该商品的社会劳动生产率提高了25%,不考虑其他因素,该商品2018年的价格应为()a. 127.2元b. 152.6元c. 154元d. 约159元4. 微信“打赏”是读者在微信订阅号上阅读完原创文章后,如果认可这篇文章,点击文章下方的“打赏”链接,并支付一定的金额给作者的行为。微信公司在汇总“打赏”后,会把所得金额如数支付给文章作者。这样的“打赏”()变革了原有支付模式,能够提高作者的收入增加了读者的支出,会降低读者的消费体验增加了微信公司的收入,提高了其经营效益体现了社会对劳动、知识、人才和创造的尊重a. b. c. d. 5. 全面放开二胎政策,对月嫂的消费需求产生了一定刺激,月嫂薪水飙升,进一步催热月嫂服务行业。不考虑其他因素”能正确反映这种变动传导效应的是(注:d、s为变动前,d1、sl为变动后)()a. b. c. d. 6. “大米涨价了,也得买”;“金价涨了,以后再买金项链吧”。这些经济现象我们都感受过。这里包含的经济学道理是()价格变动会引起需求量的变动价格变动对生活必需品的影响较小价格变动对高档耐用品的影响比较大价格变动对各种商品需求量的影响是相同的a. b. c. d. 7. 据预测2020年我国60岁以上的老人数量将突破2.43亿,未来每年净增600万800万老龄人口,庞大的养老市场使我国“银发经济”,各类老年消费产品如雨后春笋般亮相市场,“银发游”“保健品热”等现象一度引起社会热议。这表明()我国居民的消费结构进-步优化消费拉动经济增长,促进生产的发展生产决定消费的对象,为消费创造动力居民消费水平受未来收入预期的影响a. b. c. d. 8. 在a市某地铁站,王女士将空矿泉水瓶投设在站口的“饮料瓶回收机”中,随后,在“手机话费、一卡通充值、优惠券”等“返利”方式中,王女士选择了“手机话费”,0.1元就到账了。饮料瓶回收后会实现“瓶到瓶的循环”,即可加工为再生瓶,进入市场流通。这一“互联网十回收”的模式()倡导循环经济理念,提升公众环保意识决定消费方式,提升消费的质量和水平创新商品价值实现方式,促进绿色消费创造消费动力,引导产业结构不断升级a. b. c. d. 9. 随着移动支付普及,使微信、支付宝的人数越来越多。加上很多手机支持nfc功能(近距离无线通讯技术),刷pos机、银行卡无障碍,越来越多的人减少了现金的使用,选择使用手机支付。手机支付之所以受到消费者广泛欢迎是因为它()提升了人们的消费质量增强了消费的快捷性和便利性创造了消费支付的新方式减少了货币的流通量a. b. c. d. 10. 城乡居民养老等民生问题是我国社会发展的短板所在。近日,为弥补民生短板,国家财政部、民政部、人社部联合发布了关于运用政府和社会资本合作模式支持养老服务业发展的实施意见,鼓励运用政府和社会资本合作 ( ppp)模式(政府引导+市场驱动)推进养老服务业供给侧结构性改革,加快养老服务业培育与发展。这种做法()能有效减少财政赤字,并进而降低财政赤字率 体现了国家财政促进国民经济平稳运行的作用旨在激发社会资本活力,鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展有利于构建多样化多层次的养老服务体系,提升公共产品供给质量a. b. c. d. 11. 据报道,如今,民营资本进入的领域越来越多,中国的经济活力越来越强。中国的个体户总数已经达到了4750万户,全国60%的gdp、70%的税收和80%的就业岗位都来自民营企业。这表明()非公有制经济是社会主义经济的重要组成部分非公有制经济是我国经济社会发展的重要基础非公有制经济的发展有利于支撑经济增长、扩大就业个体和私营经济发展有利于增强市场活力、促进创新a. b. c. d. 12. 某地将激活闲置农房与农村产权交易改革相结合,融合推进“确权+流转+增收”,将集体和个人闲置农房用于发展民宿、农事体验、健康养老等乡村经济新业态,带动资金、人才、技术等要素从城市向农村回流,有效促进了乡村经济发展和农民增收。材料表明()发展乡村经济必须改变农村的土地所有权生产关系变革是促进乡村经济发展的动力经济业态创新是实现乡村振兴的重要手段城乡一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径a. b. c. d. 13. 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司生产的茅台酒誉称“国酒”,下列对茅台酒股份有限公司的特征描述正确的是()公司的资本必须划分为等额的股份由50个以下股东出资设立实行一股一票的原则股东以其认缴的出资额为限承担责任a. b. c. d. 14. 到2020年,我国将在全国范围内初步构建责任明确、途径畅通、技术规范、保障有力、赔偿到位、修复有效的生态环境损害赔偿制度。构建这一制度()有利于引导消费者保护环境,绿色消费有利于引导企业推进循环发展、低碳发展必将导致企业因环境成本增加而效益降低会增加消费者消费成本而使生活质量下降a. b. c. d. 15. 据研究,每一位消费者身后大约有250个亲朋好友。如果赢得了一位消费者的好感,就意味着赢得了250个人的好感;反之,如果得罪了一位消费者,也就意味着得罪了250个人。这就是商场中的“250定律”。据此,企业应该()以消费者利益为经营目标,扩大市场自觉遵守市场道德,坚持诚信经营提高生产能力,确保市场经营实施品牌战略,树立良好企业形象。a. b. c. d. 16. 十九大报告指出:“就业是最大的民生。要坚持就业优先战略和积极就业政策,实现更高质量和更充分就业。”为贯彻落实这一精神,政府应该()提供全方位的就业服务,做好高校毕业生的分配工作大规模开展职业技能培训,注重解决结构性就业矛盾树立正确的就业观念,实现多渠道多方式就业和创业破除妨碍劳动力流动的体制弊端,使其都有发展机会a. b. c. d. 17. 2018年3月24日的中国发展高层论坛上发布消息称,我国居民储蓄率持续下降,成为拉动国民总储蓄率下滑的主要因素,有研究表明居民储蓄率下降对国民储蓄率下滑的影响占70%与此同时,居民家庭杠杆率快速提升,2013-2017年,家庭债务占gdp的比重由33%升至49%造成这种现象的原因可能是()社会保障体系不断完善,人们有较乐观的预期收入房地产吸引了家庭大量资金流入,投资方式单一化消费观念和方式转变,更多的人们追求超前消费金融科技背景下互联网理财兴起,储蓄分流显著a. b. c. d. 18. 有人说:“投资理财,不要把所有的鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里。”也有人说:“投资理财,不要把鸡蛋放在太多的篮子里。”这两种观点启示我们()a. 要充分考虑到投资的合法性b. 要避免投资的风险c. 要兼顾投资的风险和收益d. 要实现收益的最大化19. “风险”一词与人类的决策和行为后果联系越来越紧密。股票投资的风险源于()股票交易次数的不确定性企业利润的不确定性股东人数的不确定性股票价格波动的不确定性a. b. c. d. 20. 2018年3月,中共中央办公厅、国务院办印发关于提高技术工人待遇的意见,指导企业深化工资分配制度改革,建立基于岗位价值、能力素质、业绩贡献的工资分配机制,强化工资收入分配的技能价值激励导向。落实这一政策有利于( ) 贯彻我国的按劳分配原则,健全再分配制度提高技术工人生产积极性,助推产业转型升级实现技高者多得、多劳者多得,增强技术工人获得感快速解决技术工人短缺问题,优化劳动力供给结构a. b. c. d. 21. 中共中央、国务院关于深化体制机制改革、加快实施创新驱动发展战略的若干意见强调,要鼓励各类企业通过股权、期权、分红等激励方式,调动科研人员创新积极性。实施股权激励方式()a. 是我国分配制度的重大变革b. 保障了科研人员在企业发展中的主体作用c. 是生产要素按贡献参与分配的体现d. 是我国按劳分配制度的完善与发展22. 2018年3月5日,李克强总理在第十三届全国人民代表大会上所做的政府工作报告中指出,提高个人所得税起征点,增加子女教育、大病医疗等专项费用扣除,合理减负,鼓励人民群众通过劳动增加收入、迈向富裕。下列符合这一政策传导路径的有( )扩大财政支出社会总供给增加扩大居民消费生活水平提高实施积极财政政策优化民生支出结构居民收入增加共同富裕鼓励大众创业创新初次分配提高劳动报酬所占比重社会公平实施积极就业政策再分配劳动要素收入增加缩小收入差距a. b. c. d. 23. 2018年供给侧改革的重点转向“补短板”,补短板是各项改革推进的“压舱石”,也是检验改革综合成效的“刻度表”。补短板要从严重制约经济社会发展的重要领域和关键环节、从人民群众迫切需要解决的突出问题着手,既补硬短板也补软短板,既补发展短板也补制度短板。下列举措传导路径符合上述要求的有()推进个人所得税改革一减轻企业负担增强企业发展活力一促进经济发展加加强国家宏观调控抑制物价过快上涨提高货币购买力一实现共同高裕优化财政支出结构一增加社会保障支出一刺激居民消费一提高人民生活水平加快户籍制度改革一打破城乡二元结构一促进城乡一体化一实现城乡协调发展a. b. c. d. 24. 税收是一个国家财政收入的主要来源。税收与其他财政收入形式的最主要区别()a. 税收“取之于民,用之于民”b. 税收有法律依据和法律保障c. 依法纳税是公民的基本义务d. 税收具有强制性、无偿性和固定性25. 2018年,个人所得税法迎来了第七次改革大修。6月19日,个人所得税法修正案草案初次审议,个税起征点拟由每月3 500元提至5 000元(6万元年)。提高个人所得税起征点 ( ) 有利于缩小收入差距,提高社会总体消费水平能够促进社会公平,为提高经济效率提供保证能提高经济效率,是促进社会公平的物质前提有助于完善分配制度,促进社会生产力的发展a. b. c. d. 二、简答题(本大题共4小题,共50.0分)26. 阅读材料,回答问题(14分)李克强总理在政府工作报告中指出,要加快培育消费增长点。鼓励大众消费,控制“三公”消费。促进养老家政健康消费,壮大信息消费,提升旅游休闲消费,推动绿色消费,稳定住房消费,扩大教育文化体育消费。扩大消费要汇小溪成大河,让亿万群众的消费潜力成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力。 请从影响消费水平的因素的角度,就如何让亿万群众的消费潜力成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力提出合理化建议。27. 阅读材料,回答问题(12分)国家统计局数据显示,2018年上半年最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率达78.5%,是拉动经济增长的第一引擎。其中信息消费规模达2.3万亿,同比增长15%,是同期gdp增速的2.2倍,对拉动内需、促进就业、引领产业升级发挥着重要作用。运用生产与消费的相互关系原理,说明当前我国促进信息消费对发展经济的积极作用。28. 阅读材料,回答问题(12分)深圳某视讯公司把自身定位为一家集产品研发、制造、销售、售后服务于一体的高新技术企业。公司凭借雄厚的资金实力、强大的技术研发能力以及完善的生产管理能力,推出了dlp大屏幕数字拼接墙、多屏图像控制器、交互式数字显示平台等一系列高端数字光电系列产品,产品出口到日本、韩国等地,目前已荣获“深圳市高新技术企业”、“中国安防行业十大最具影响力品牌”等称号,并拥有多项国家专利。运用经济生活的知识,结合材料谈谈该企业是如何取得成功的。29. 阅读材料,回答问题(12分)2018年是进入“十三五”时期的第三个年头。要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,加大对民生领域和社会事业支持保障力度,增加对“三农”、科技、教育、卫生、文化、社会保障、保障性住房、节能环保、中小企业、居民消费、欠发达地区经济发展等方面的支持力度,推动重点领域改革。 结合材料,运用“财政”的知识,说明财政发挥了怎样的作用。答案1. b b c b b 6. b c c c d 11. d c b a c 16. c c c c c21. c c d d a26.收入是消费的基础和前提。国家要保持经济的稳定增长,增加居民收入,提高居民消费水平。居民消费水平不仅取决于当前的收入水平,而且受未来收入预期的影响。因此要增加就业,完善社会保障制度,解除居民后顾之忧,稳定居民收入预期。社会总体消费水平的高低与人们收入差距的大小有密切的联系。国家要完善收入分配制度,缩小收入差距,实现共同富裕。物价变动会影响人们的购买力。国家要加强宏观调控,稳定物价,促进居民消费。27.(1)生产决定消费,消费对生产有重要的反作用。促进信息消费,能够有效拉动国内需求,进而推动经济发展。消费所形成的新需要,对生产的调整和升级起导向作用。信息消费能够促进产业结构优化,加快转变经济发展方式。一个新的消费热点的出现,往往能带动一个产业的出现和成长。信息消费已经成为当前的一个消费热点,促进信息消费,能够带动相关行业的发展。(2)原因:部分网络企业缺乏诚信,市场调节存在自发性;法律规范、行业规范不够健全;国家有关部门监管不力等。解决办法:国家要加强法律法规和市场规则的制定和落实,褒扬诚信、惩戒失信,在全社会形成守信光荣、失信可耻的氛围。企业要自觉遵守国家法律和市场规则,合法经营,诚信经营。消费者要树立权利意识、法律意识,运用法律维护自己的合法权益。28.制定正确的经营战略。该企业把自身战略定位为高新技术企业,同时能优化产品结构和产业链。提高自主创新能力。该企业依靠技术进步、科学管理等手段形成自己的竞争优势,不断推出高新技术产品。树立良好的企业形象。该企业通过技术研发创设自主品牌,提高企业的竞争力。积极参与国际竞争(“两种资源、两个市场”)。该企业通过产品出口开展国际化经营。29.国家财政是促进社会公平、改善人民生活的物质保障。大力支持教育、卫生、社会保障、保障性住房等社会建设。国家财政具有促进资源合理优化配置的作用。把支持“三农”作为预算安排和财政工作的重点,增加对欠发达地区支持力度。国家财政具有促进国民经济平稳运行的作用。实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,保证国民经济平稳较快发展,避免出现大起大落。- 9 -合肥合肥 35 中中 2018 级高一年级上学期第一次段考 物理级高一年级上学期第一次段考 物理一、选择题:(本大题共一、选择题:(本大题共 11 小题,每题小题,每题 4 分,共分,共 44 计分计分1-7 单选,单选,8-11 多选其中多选题 选错或多选不得分,少选得多选其中多选题 选错或多选不得分,少选得 2 分)分)1.下列各组物理量中,都是矢量的是 ()a位移、时间、速度b速度、速率、加速度c加速度、速度的变化量、速度d路程、时间、位移2.足球运动是目前全球体育界最具影响力的项目之一,深受青少年喜爱。如图所示为四种与足球有关的情景。下列说法正确的是()a甲图中,静止在草地上的足球对地面的压力就是它的重力b乙图中,静止在光滑水平地面上的两个足球由于接触而受到相互作用的弹力c丙图中,踩在脚下且静止在水平草地上的足球共受到 2 个力的作用d丁图中,落在球网中的足球受到弹力是由于球网发生了形变3如图所示,甲、乙两物体叠放在水平面上,用水平力f 拉物体乙,它们仍保持静止状态,甲、乙间接触面也为 水 平 , 则 乙 物 体 受 力 的 个 数 为()a6 个b5 个c4 个d3 个4.如图是一物体在某直线运动过程中的 v-t 图象,根据图象以下判断正确的是()a01s 内和 1s2s 内加速度相同b1s 末物体开始反向运动c1s4s 内物体的加速度大小和方向都不变d6s 末物体回到了出发点5. 如图所示为 a、b 两人在同一直线上运动的位移时间图象,下列说法中正确的有()aa、b 两人在第 5s 内运动方向相反ba、b 两人在第 2s 末相遇ca 物体在第 5 秒末 运动方向发生改变。d在前 5s 内,a 走的路程比 b 走的路程少-10f乙甲6如图所示,小强用与水平方向成角的轻绳拉木箱向右加速运动,木箱与地面间的动摩擦因数为,此时绳中拉力为 f,则木箱所受摩擦力的大小为()a(mgfsin)bmgcfcosd(mg+fsin)7下列关于重力的认识不正确不正确的是()a重力是由于地球的吸引产生的b在地球表面,重力加速度随着纬度的升高而减小c重心是物体所受重力的等效作用点d重力的方向是竖直向下的8.某同学用频闪照片研究自由落体运动,某次实验时他把拍摄出来的几个淸晰的位置标注在坐标纸上,如图所示.若己知坐标纸上小方格的边长为 l,自由落体加速度 g,根据图中信息可求出:()a.小球运动到 c 位置速度为27 glb 小球运动到 b 位置的速度为gl2c 频闪仪拍照的时间间隔为gld.小球做自由落体的起始位置在 a 点上方l l处9.一物体在五个共点力作用下保持平衡,现撤掉其中两个力,这两个力的大小分别为 25n 和 20n, 其余三个力保持不变, 则此时物体所受的合力大小可能是 ()a0nb20nc25nd50n10.如图所示,用水平力 f 将同种材料不同质量的物体压到一竖直墙壁上,下列说法正确的是()a若物体保持静止,则 f 越小,物体所受摩擦力越小b若物体保持静止,则质量越大,物体所受摩擦力越大c若物体沿墙壁向下滑动,则 f 越大,物体所受摩擦力越大d若物体沿墙壁向下滑动,则物体质量越大,物体所受摩擦力不变。11. 质量为 m 的光滑小球被竖直挡板档住而静止于斜面上,当挡板逆时针缓慢转动到水平位置,物体对斜面的压力fn及对挡板的压力fn2变化情况说法正确的是()afn增大bfn减小cfn2先增大后减小dfn2先减小后增大二、填空题(二、填空题(每空 3 分,共 15 分)每空 3 分,共 15 分)12.为测定小车的加速度,用打点计时器(电源频率 50hz)记录小车运动的一条纸带如图所示,在纸带上选择 6 个计数点 a、b、c、d、e、f,相邻两计数点间还有 4 个点未画出, 各计数点到 a 点的距离依次为 2.0cm、 5.0cm、 9.0cm、 14.0cm、20.0cm。bc 间的时间为s,c 点速度为m/s,小车加速度为m/s2。13. 在探究求合力的方法时,先将橡皮条的一端固定在水平木板上,另一端系上带有绳套的两根细绳实验时,需要两次拉伸橡皮条,一次是通过两细绳用两个弹簧秤互成角度地拉橡皮条,另一次是用一个弹簧秤通过细绳拉橡皮条(1)实验对两次拉伸橡皮条的要求中, 下列哪些说法是正确的_(填字母代号,多选)a将橡皮条拉伸相同长度即可b将橡皮条沿相同方向拉到相同长度c 将弹簧秤都拉伸到相同刻度d将橡皮条和绳的结点拉到相同位置(2)同学们在操作过程正确的是_(填字母代号,多选)a两细绳的夹角必须成 90 度b弹簧秤、细绳、橡皮条都应与木板平行。c用笔沿着细绳划线,记录力的方向。d拉橡皮条的细绳要适当长些,标记同一细绳方向的两点要远些。三计算题(8+9+12+12=41 分)三计算题(8+9+12+12=41 分)14.(8 分)如图,用一根绳子 a 把物体挂起来,再用另一根水平的绳子 b 把物体拉向一旁固定起来物体的重力是 50n,绳子 a 与竖直方向的夹角=37,绳子 a 与 b 对物体的拉力分别是多大?(sin37=0.6, cos37=0.8)15.(9 分)质量为 m 的物块能恰好在倾角为=30的斜面上匀速下滑,求物块与斜面的动摩擦因数.16.(12 分)客车以v= 20 m/s 的速度行驶,突然发现同轨道的正前方s= 120m 处有一列货车正以v0= 6m/s 的速度同向匀速前进,于是客车紧急刹车做匀减速运动,若客车刹车的加速度大小为a= 1m/s2,问:(1)客车是否会与货车相撞?(2)若会相撞,则在什么时刻相撞?客车位移为多少?若不相撞,则客车与货车的最小距离为多少?17. (12 分)如图所示,a、b 两球质量均为 m=1kg固定在劲度系数为 k=200n/m 的轻弹簧的两端,b 球用细绳悬于 o 点,a 球处在光滑竖直墙面和光滑水平墙面的交界处,已知两球均处于平衡状态,oab 恰好构成一个正三角形。(重力加速度为 g=10m/s2)(1)弹簧处于拉伸还是压缩状态?弹簧形变量是多少?(2)地面对 a 的支持力是多少?选择题答案:1-7c d b c d a b8.ac9.bc10.bcd11.bd填空题答案:选择题答案:1-7c d b c d a b8.ac9.bc10.bcd11.bd填空题答案:12.0.1s0.35m/s1m/s12.0.1s0.35m/s1m/s2 213.(1)bd(2) bd13.(1)bd(2) bd安徽省合肥市第三十五中学2018-2019学年高一英语上学期第一次段考试题说明:1本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分,考试时间120分钟。2在答题纸的密封线内填写学校、班级、姓名、考号、座号,密封线内不要答题。3将所有答案均按题号填涂或填写在答题卡或答题纸相应的答题处,否则不得分。第i卷 选择题(共1 00分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有1 0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。1.who probably has the womans pen now?a. jack. b. mr. watson. c. john.2.what does the man like doing to relax?a. watching tv. b. going walking. c. listening to music.3:what does the man mean?a. he is unable to give help. b. he will carry the boxes later.c. he refuses to pay for boxes.4. where will the woman probably go for her holiday?a. to south america. b. to europe. c. to africa.5. what do we know about the man?a. he has difficulty waking up. b. he likes collecting clocks.c. he gets up late everyday.第二节(共1 5小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题。6who is freckles?a. the boys brother. b. the boys dog. c. the boys best friend.7. what do we know about the boys father?a. he is always busy with work. b. he is a gardener.c. he stays at home a lot.听下面一段对话,回答第8至第10三个出题。8. what did the woman dream about?a. the man was leaving his job. b. the man had an accident.c. the boss wanted to fire the man.9.what is the relationship between the speakers?a. co-workers. b. husband and wife. c. classmates.10.what does the man think the womans dream means?athe woman is concerned about him. bthe woman doesnt like her job therec. neither of them like the job there.听下面一段对话,回答第11至第1 3三个小题。11. what are the speakers discussing?a.a shopping list. b. an evening party. c.a weekend plan.12. what does the man suggest doing?a. going shopping. b. staying at homec. taking a long walk in the park.13. what will the speakers do next?.a. pack up. b. have dinner. c.go to the concert.听下面一段对话,回答第14至第17四个小题。14. where are kate and tom?a. in kates office. b. in toms house. c. in a classroom.15. why did tom come into the room?a. he worked there, b. he wanted to talk to kate.c. he wanted to have a letter typed. 16. what was jane doing at that time? a. she was taking a rest. b. she was preparing for an exam.c. she was taking an exam.17. what will kate do next year?a. go to japan. b. change her job. c. go tonight school.听下面一段独白,回答第1 8至第20三个小题。18. what is the highest temperature on the weekend?a. 15 b20 c2619. what will the weather be like on sunday night?a. sunny. b. rainy. c. cloudy.20. when will be the best time to go to the beach?a. this weekend. b. before summer ends. c. next weekend.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出最佳选项。asummer 2016 art campsthe harn museum of art offers art camp for kids, aged 7 to 11, during school breaks.fees:half-day: $ 150 per week ($ 130 harn members)full-day: $ 290 per week ($ 250 harn members)datescamp descriptionsmorning:afternoonjuly 11-15comics for kids. learn the art of comics. create original characters, design backgrounds, and use comics to tell stories. instructor: tom hart.asian art & anime explore the art of asia, from traditional ink painting and block printing to japanese drawing and anime. instructor: sunny heo.july 18-22printmaking: line, color, and shape master the printing press and discover a variety of printmaking techniques. instructor: katie mcdonald.painting a rainbow: the art & science of color learn from museum professional and paint a variety of subjects. instructor: katie mcdonald.july 25-29faces in art: masks and mirrors explore the face in art, from portraits to masks. practice working with your own face to create a self-portrait. instructor: katie mcdonald.3d art: build it, shape it, sculpt it! move beyond the surface and have fun playing around with 3d art using a variety of techniques, tools and media. instructor: katie mcdonald.august 1-5people in art learn how to draw, paint and sculpt people. instructor: linda zidonik.wild things: animals in art go wild and create animal-inspired artwork. look at animals in art in the museum, and make animal paintings, drawings, sculptures. instructor: linda, zidonik.21. if a harn member wants his kid to learn comics, how much should he pay? a. $ 130. b.$ 150.c. $ 250. d. $ 290.22. if a kid is fond of 3d art, he should attend the summer camp during . a. july 11-15 b. july 18-22 c. july 25-29 d. august 1-523. what will sunny heo instruct kids at the summer camp? a. faces in art. b. printmaking. c. the art of asia. d. animals in art.bcharlottes web, a best-selling children s book, was described as a story of friendship on a farm. if youve already read the book, you may know about the friendship that grows between wilbur, a small pig, and charlotte, a spider. but you may not know that the author, e. b. white, was also a friend of animals.in charlottes web, a spider saves a pig from being killed. in real life, the author had tried to save a pig too, but failed. a few years before charlottes web, white wrote an article about caring for a dying pig on his farm. even though white raised the pig to make bacon, he found himself trying to save its life.although farm pigs were born to die, white had mixed feelings about this fact. “i began to feel sorry for the pig because he was born to die,” he recalled. “this made me sad. so i started thinking of ways to save the pigs life.” soon the story of wilbur was born.charlotte, the heroine of the book, was also born of the observations on whites farm. “i had been watching a big, gray spider at work and was impressed by how clever she was at weaving its nets,” he remembered. but what would happen if a clever spider could weave not only webs, but also words? charlottes web explores this possibility. in a letter to a young reader, white wrote, “in real life, a spider doesnt speak. but the real life is also a life of imagination. and although my stories are imaginary, i like to think that there is some truth in them truth about the way people and animals feel, think and act.”24. the book charlottes web is about _. a. operating a farm b. the observations of nature c. protecting animals d. an imaginary story about animals25. according to paragraph 3, white felt sorry probably because _. a. his book was unwelcome b. he could not change farm pigs life c. all animals were born to die d. he had to make the pig into bacon26. what did e.b. white want to tell readers by writing charlottes web? a. animals can think and act like humans. b. spiders are the smartest creatures. c. humans have no right to kill animals. d. real life is full of imagination.27. what is the purpose of the passage? a. to tell the story of e. b. white.b. to introduce charlottes web. c. to show the popularity of charlottes web. d. to attract more readers to charlottes web.c lectures on happiness are becoming increasingly popular in harvard university. i went to one of them, which left a lasting impression on me. while we were listening with close attention, the speaker suddenly stopped and started a game, giving each person a balloon. each one was asked to write their name on it using a pen. then the 100 students from 25 schools were divided into two groups. now the two groups were in different rooms with their balloons flying in it. the first group of 50 students were asked to find the balloon with their name on it within 5 minutes. everyone was hurriedly searching for their own name, pushing and running into each other, and there was lots of noise. at the end of 5 minutes, none of them could find their own balloon. the second half, on the other hand, was asked to randomly(随机地) collect a balloon and give it to the person whose name was written on it. within minutes everyone had their own balloon. this is exactly happening in our lives. everyone is hurriedly looking for happiness all around, not knowing where it is. our happiness lies in the happiness of other people. give them their happiness, and you will get your own happiness. and this is the purpose of human life.28. at he beginning of the lecture, each person was asked to . a. write their name on a balloon b. visit harvard university c. fly their balloon with wishes d. get into 4 different groups29. what happened to the first group? a. none made any noise at all. b. none found their balloon. c. everyone found their friends.d. everyone helped one another.30. how many students found their own balloons in the game? a.5. b.25. c. 50. d.100.31. which of the following can be the best title? a.finding happiness b. having lectures c. collecting balloons d. playing gamesdfacebook is widely used in the us, britain and many other countries. but should children under 13 be allowed to use it? well, whether children under 13 are allowed to use it or not, many of them are doing that. they use it to find out what shopping center to meet in after school tomorrow and what park to hang out in on saturday afternoon. under-13s might not be have facebook accounts, both here and in the us, but that hasnt stopped hundreds of thousands of them from using dates of birth which are not true to start an account. yes, of course parents like me worry that means our kids are at risk of both being bullied(欺凌)and of bullying others. but the important thing to realize here is that bullying takes place in the school lunch hall or on the playground. no one is trying to stop under-13s from those places, right?some fear that their children are prey (受害者) for bad people on facebook. again, does your kid travel alone or go to a shopping center without you? most children do from the time they go to high school. and just as you teach them the rules for staying safe when theyre out and alone, you teach them the rules for staying safe online.facebook is about what life is about, which is connecting with others. when children are young, we supervise (监管) them. as they get older, we trust them to connect without us around all the time. and what facebook does is to teach our kids a language that will surely be important to their future, because todays children are going to be interacting (互动) online with friends, and in the future business partners and customers for the rest of their lives. why, when were trying to educate them in useful skills on other fronts, hold them back on this one?32. according to the passage, many under-13s have facebook accounts because they _. a. can buy account from others b. are no longer limited to own them c. ask their parents to open accounts for them d. could open accounts using untrue information33. what can we learn from paragraph 2? a. bullying on facebook isnt scary at all. b. bullying hardly takes place on facebook. c. facebook is just one more place that bullying happens. d.parents cannot stop children from using facebook.34. by mentioning children go to a shopping center alone, the author want to imply that . a. kids should be taught online safety rules b. its very dangerous for kids to do that c. kids can keep away from dangers themselves d. its impossible to keep children away from facebook35. the authors attitude towards kids using facebook is . a. negative b. indifferent c. positive d. pessimistic第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 how to have a healthy diet many people with serious illnesses would give anything they have for a single day of perfect health. 36 to be healthy and make the most of what youve got, you should follow these tips. dink more water. 37 that is in addition to things like tea and coffee. water keeps bodies at the right temperature and removes toxins (毒素). eat breakfast. a light, healthy breakfast is enough to reap the benefits of eating early. 38 so, if you want to control your appetite, dont skip the first meal of the day. 39 a good time for a healthy, easy-to-digest evening meal is between 17:00 and 20:00. its best to avoid late-night snacks because they fill you with unnecessary calories and make you difficult to sleep. if you do need that midnight snacks, stick to unsalted nuts, seeds and fruits. consider going meatless. in case you havent noticed, meat hasnt played much of a role in what weve talked about so far. 40 while its not the best idea to go fully vegetarian, most people do eat far too much meat. a good idea is to change the amount and types of meat you eat.a. eat at the right time.b. eat midnight snacks properly.c. water plays an important role in our health.d. adult humans should drink 2-3 liters of water per day.e. research shows that breakfast skippers actually eat more!f. therefore, being vegetarian is a good way to reduce your calorie intake.g. after all, its only when you lose your health that you realize what you once had.第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) im grace, 13 years old and in seventh grade in florida. i was in the six grade last year. that school year was 41 . my family and i spent that year 42 all over europe, seeing amazing places, meeting all kinds of people, understanding different cultures, and getting 43 in the process. when my 44 decided to travel to europe, we were excited. 45 we had a problem. we couldnt rent a car that had enough 46 to work for our five-member family, so my dad bought a bigger one. it became our new 47 during the trip. i had to leave a lot of my things behind because so little of it would 48 into my tiny new room. we had to be careful to save our water. and we were doing homeschooling, 49 worked out great. we lived in a (n) 50 home, but my family 51 got along really well. no matter what, i made sure to 52 my window every morning, because the view was 53 every day- england, then france, italy, greece each special in its own way. we toured around country after country, tried to pick up little bits of the local 54 , but that didnt help us much. luckily, we kept 55 people who knew some english. everywhere we went, we saw the most amazing things. i love reading about places, in my text-books and then getting 56 our car midway to look right at them. i cant pick a favorite one, because every place we were at seemed to be the 57 .after our 58 ended, we moved back to florida. but it makes me 59 that my family had this great year long 60 together. im thankful for that.41. a. normalb. longc. unusuald. painful42. a. walkingb. drivingc. flyingd. painting43. a. shockedb. closerc. boredd. weaker44. a. familyb. classmatesc. teamd. teachers45. a. andb. soc. butd. or46. a. wheelb. spacec. gasd. horsepower47. a. guideb. hotelc. friendd. home48. a. fitb. turnc. lookd. lead49. a. whob. thatc. whend. which50. a. largeb. openc. smalld. empty51. a. actuallyb. possiblyc. hardlyd. recently52. a. clean upb. look forc. look out ofd. fix up53. a. strangeb. similarc. ordinaryd. different54. a. peopleb. languagec. foodd. custom55. a. missingb. troublingc. findingd. helping56. a. offb. inc. ond. down57. a. simplestb. bestc. funniestd. clearest58. a. businessb. dreamc. tripd. story59. a. happyb. calmc. regretd. nervous60. a. imaginationb. sufferingc. relationshipd. experience第卷注意事项: 用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 while we are learning english, we should first pay more attention to listening and speaking. it is important because it is the basic work of reading and writing. make sure to open your mouth and speak english loudly and 61(confident). dont be afraid of 62 (make) some mistakes. you should also develop the habit of keeping 63(diary) in english. thats 64 best way i can think of to improve your written english. ifit is possible, ask some others to go through 65 you have written and tell you where there is a mistake. many mistakes in your speaking will be easily 66(find) once you write them down. through correcting some unnecessary mistakes, you can do better 67 learning english than ever before. at the same time, you are supposed 68 (choose) some proper reading materials for yourselves, which i think should be 69 too difficult nor too easy. while you are reading, dont stop to look up the words in the dictionary. if you refer to the dictionary too often, most probably you will get 70(bore) and stop reading in no time. 第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节 短文改错 (共10小题;每小题l分,满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。om增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。today we had an english test. i found the test difficulty, but i tried hardly to do it. suddenly mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. after think for some time, i let her copy my answers. but after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. the teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. we were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. i was very upset. i didnt cheat. i was just helping a friend. why does she punish me?第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)假定你校学生会近期就“互联网对学生学习的影响”这一问题展开校园调查。请你根据下图的调查结果写一份调查报告,并针对学生上网学习给出合理的建议,发表在校英文报上。注意:1.词数120左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。recently, the student union conducted a surveyon the influence of the internet on studying._2018- -2019学年第一学期高一年级段考英语测试题答案第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(后附听力原文)1-5 cbaba baaab ccaac bccba第二部分:阅读(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)21-23 acc dbab abca dcac gdeaf第三部分:英语知识应用 第一节: 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)41-45 cbbac bdadc acdbc abcad第二节:语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)61. confidently 62.making 63.diaries 64.the 65.what 66. found 67.in 68.to choose 69.neither 70.bored 第四部分:写作第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)today we had an english test. i found the test difficulty, but i tried hardly to do it. suddenly difficult hardmary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. after think for some time, i let her asked thinkingcopy my answers. but after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. the teacher was bothangry because we had same answers in the tests. we were warned not to cheat again so she would the test orneed to see our parents. i was very upset. i didnt cheat. i was just helping a friend. why does she didpunish me?第2节 书面表达(满分25分)(略)听力原文:(text 1)w: do you know what happened to my pen? i left it on the desk last night.m: dont worry, jane. i saw mr. watson give it to john this morning.(text 2) w: i like list
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