未成年人论文未成年人犯罪预防的德育思考.doc

未成年人论文：未成年人犯罪预防的德育思考【中文摘要】未成年人犯罪是当今各国十分重视的重大社会问题，有的专家学者将未成年人犯罪与环境污染、吸毒贩毒并列为世界三大公害。未成年人犯罪不仅意味着个人与社会的严重冲突，而且更意味着社会化、文明化的挫败；不仅危害了社会治安秩序，干扰了经济建设和发展，也严重影响未成年人的健康成长，关系到国家的前途。未成年人犯罪的原因是多方面的，品德不良是导致未成年人犯罪的重要原因。在构建和谐社会的背景下，加强未成年人的思想道德建设，有效地预防和减少未成年人犯罪，具有重要意义。本文在论述当今未成年人犯罪概念和特点的基础上，从德育工作入手，分析德育现实状况对未成年人犯罪的影响，并深入分析未成年人犯罪的客观因素和主观因素,阐述了学校德育、家庭德育、社会德育以及自我教育在预防未成年人犯罪方面的内容、方法和措施，最终使学校、家庭和社会的德育目标与德育主体未成年人的德育自治目标趋向一致，从而在一定程度上减少未成年人犯罪的发生。全文共分为三大部分。第一部分阐述了未成年人犯罪的涵义、特点以及德育对预防未成年人犯罪的意义。未成年人犯罪概念有广义和狭义之分。广义的未成年人犯罪概念不仅包括未成年主体所实施的触犯刑律的犯罪行为，还包括某些触犯社会治安管理法规的违法行为。狭义的未成年人犯罪概念是指未成年人所实施的危害社会并依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。在我国，根据宪法、未成年人保护法和刑法的有关规定，未成年人应是指未满18周岁的公民；所以我们把未成年人犯罪的概念界定为：已满14周岁未满18周岁的公民实施了危害社会，触犯刑法，依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。未成年人犯罪呈现出低龄化、贪财性、团伙性、暴力性、反复性、多样性、网络性等特点。德育对预防未成年人犯罪具有以下三方面的重要意义：德育是预防未成年人犯罪的重要一环；德育是促进未成年人身心健康成长的必要途径；德育是完善未成年人人格的需要。第二部分分析了未成年人犯罪预防中德育方面存在的问题，并剖析了其原因。未成年人犯罪预防中德育存在的问题主要体现在未成年罪犯自身道德养成不足、家庭德育存在不当、学校德育存在漏洞以及社会思想道德环境不佳等几个方面。一是对未成年人的教育目标“重智力轻德育”，存在着教育制度上的偏颇。二是对未成年人教育的心理辅导极度缺失，性教育存在失误，法制教育不健全。三是过分注重道德准则的灌输和规章制度的约束，忽视了未成年人的德育主体地位。四是对未成年人提供的社会环境不佳，不良思想和行为对未成年人思想意识产生极大影响。五是对未成年人教育的内容存在不健康的东西，严重危害其身心健康。六是对未成年人的教育责任是学校独担，存在着学校、家庭、社会合力承担的网络缺失。未成年人犯罪预防中德育存在问题的成因：一是未成年人自身主观的原因。包括未成年人犯罪的生理因素和心理因素两方面。二是家庭因素的影响。包括家庭结构不完整与家庭关系不和睦；家庭教育方式不当；父母的文化素质不高；家长行为失范等原因。三是学校因素的影响。包括学校德育目标存在片面性；学校德育针对性差、主体性不强；学生评价标准的错位；忽略心理咨询和心理疏导；忽视道德和法律教育；青春期教育不到位；学校部分教师自身素质不高；学校与家长缺乏沟通等原因。四是社会客观原因。包括社会转型期出现的矛盾冲突和价值失范；社会文化市场管理存在漏洞等。第三部分阐述了未成年人犯罪预防的德育对策。一是在学校教育预防方面：扎实推进中小学思想道德教育。重视未成年人的心理健康教育和青春期性教育。强化德育与法制教育相结合，增强未成年人的自我约束意识。广泛深入开展未成年人道德实践活动。切实加强教师职业道德建设。加强学校与家长之间的互动与沟通，共同教育未成年人。二是在家庭教育预防方面：要更新家教观念，重才更要重德。要关注孩子心理，做好良师益友。要注重榜样示范，强调潜移默化。要讲究德育策略，培养良好习惯。在社会预防方面：大力弘扬中华民族的优良文化传统，用先进的思想武装未成年人。净化社会文化环境，为未成年人的健康成长提供良好的社会环境。加强社区的管理与服务职能。建立学校、家庭、社会教育一体化的网络体系。四是自我教育方面：通过劳动教育、体育锻炼、各种活动载体和舆论宣传锤炼未成年人的自我教育能力。【英文摘要】The minor crime is a serious social problem which many countries attach importance toin now the society. Some experts and scholars think minor crime, environmental pollution,drugs and drug trafficking are the worlds three largest public hazards. Minor crime meansnot only personal and social serious conflict, but also means the setback of the socializationand culturalization. Minor crime not only harms the public order and disturbs economicconstruction and development, but also seriously affects the healthy growth of minors, andconcerns the future of the country. The cause of the minor crime is various, unhealthymoralities are the important one. In the background of constructing the harmonious social, ithas important meaning to strengthen teenagers morality, effectively prevent and reduceminor crime. This paper analyses influence of the minor crime moral factor starting from thestudies of the characteristics of the minor crime, discusses the construction of morals andthought the value guidance, target, the main content and the practical way, helps minor intothe cheer up, right from wrong, formed the good moral character and behavior habits, andmake their own thoughts and behavior to the state, the family and itself throughstrengthening of moral education minors, so as to achieve the purpose of the minor crimeprevention.The full text is divided into three sections. The first section describes the minor crimethe connotation and the characteristic and moral education in the meaning of the minorcrime prevention. Minor crime concepts have broad and narrow senses. General minor crimeconcept includes not only minor subject while penalizing implement of the crimes, alsoincludes some breaches of the social public security management regulations of the illegalbehavior. Narrow sense of minor crime is a concept that minors would carry out the harm tosociety and should be punished in accordance with the act. In China, according to theconstitution, the law on the protection of minors and “criminal law” concerned regulation,minors under 18 years of age should be refers to the citizen; So we put the minor crime isdefined as: is full already 14 years younger than 18 citizens a threat to societyimplementation, violating criminal law, shall be punished in accordance with the act. Minor crime presents young tendency, mammonism, groups,force, reiteration, variety, network,and etc. Moral education to prevent minor crime has the following three importantsignificance: the moral education is to prevent minor crime a important part; Moraleducation is to promote the growth of physical and mental health minors the necessary way;Moral education is the need of minors perfect personality.The second part of the minor crime prevention analysis of the problems existing in themoral education, and analyzed the cause. Minor crime prevention problems existing in themoral education mainly embodied in the juvenile criminal their own moral cultivation ofmoral education, family lack of undeserved, existing school moral education existence ofloopholes and social moral environment not beautiful, etc. The first is for minor educationgoals“heavy intelligence light moral education”, there is education system bias. The secondis of a minor education of psychological counselling extreme lack, sex education existenceerror, and legal education is not sound. The third is too much attention to moral criteria ofthe infusion and rules of the constraints, and neglect of minor moral education subjectposition. The forth is to minors with social environment is not good and bad thought andbehavior of a minor ideology have great influence. The fifth is of a minor education contentbeing not healthy thing, serious harm their physical and mental health. The sixth is onminorseducation responsibility there is only the school education, there is not theassociated work of the school, the family and the social force. Minor crime preventionproblems of moral education causes: the first one is a minor own subjective reasons,including minor crime physiological factors and psychological factors. The second one is theinfluence of family, including the incomplete family structure and not harmonious familyrelations, family education improper way, the culture quality of the parents is not high,parents behavior anomie, and etc. The third one is the school influences. The forth one is thesocial objective reasons, including the social transition period, the contradiction and appearvalue to lose, social cultural market management existence of loopholes, etc.The third part describes the minor crime prevention countermeasures of moraleducation. The first is in the school education prevention: solid advancement elementary andmiddle schools education thought morality, pay attention to the psychological healtheducation minors and adolescence sex education, strengthen moral education and legal system education combined, enhance minors of self-discipline consciousness, extensiveminors in moral practice activities, strengthen the construction of teachers professionalmorality, strengthen between schools and parents of interaction and communication,common education minors. Secondly, in the family education prevention: parents want toupdate tutor concept, heavy just more to heavy DE; The attention to child psychology,completes the good teacher and helpful friend; Should notice to model demonstration,emphasize the subtle; Want to pay attention to moral education strategy, cultivate goodhabits. Thirdly, in the social prevention aspects, we must: carry forward the fine culturaltradition of the Chinese nation, with advanced thought armed minors; purify the socialcultural environment, for the sound growth of minors provide a good social environment;strengthen the community management and service functions; build a school, family andsocial education integration of network system. The forth one is self education aspects:through the labor education, physical exercise, all kinds of activities carrier and publicity ofminors self education ability.【关键词】未成年人 犯罪预防 德育【英文关键词】Ideological Educatio Juvenile Delinquency【备注】加好友索购全文：1.39.9.3.8848 同时提供一对一论文写作指导和论文发表委托服务【目录】未成年人犯罪预防的德育思考摘要6-8Abstract8-10导言11-15（一） 论文选题的理由和意义11-121. 理论意义112. 现实意义11-12（二） 研究现状12-141、 国内关于未成年人犯罪预防的德育研究12-132、 国外关于未成年人犯罪预防的德育研究13-14（三）