高考英语之概要写作.docx

此文档收集于网络，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。一正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the texts structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*The authors name*The articles or chapters name*The authors thesis statementa general overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describesHe then points out thatIn addition, the author talks aboutFinally, the author suggestsSome other introductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that*(The author), in (this article) shows that*In (this article), (the author) writes that*As (the author) says in (this article),*The main idea of (the authors article) is*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二记叙文概要写作记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：Who did what bybecause不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldnt say a word but cried in my fathers arms.材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I”, the writerWhatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约50词的通顺概要：The passage tells us the writers experience of adventure. Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. （44 words）三说明文概要写作要点点拨说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类：现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which(补充解释)利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side, but it may also研究显示类：The study reveals thatThe purpose of the report is to show thatDirections: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink（发出恶臭）, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categoriesmetal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主要内容是什么。第一段开头第一句话“A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total.”是段落的中心句，同时也点明了文章的主题，后面就在