RC词汇分类总结.doc

思考类动词总结 assume / conceive构思, 以为, 持有conceive a plan to increase profits. / conclude / expect / determine 决定, 确定, 测定, 使下定决心Demand determines production. / hold / judge / presume假定, 假设, 认为Thats the new assistant, I presume. / reckon / see / sense / suppose / comprehend / consider / deduce / infer / evaluate / examine / rationalize合理化/ reason说服, 推论, 辩论reasoned out a solution to the problem. / reflect反射, 反映, 表现, 反省, 细想 / resolve 决心，解决 / speculate 推测, 思索, 做投机买卖/ study / turn over 反复考虑/ weigh / contemplate沉思 / convey传达 ponder, meditate, deliberate, ruminate, mull, muse这些动词表示仔细而详尽地考虑某件事情。Ponder 是指用煞费苦心的详尽和仔细在头脑中权衡： “He and the council had already pondered the list of members returned to the parliament” (John Morley). “他和委员会已经认真地考虑过了重返国会的人员名单” （约翰摩利）。 “The Doctor had been pondering, and had made up his mind to a certain course” (Henry Kingsley).“这个医生已经苦思冥想了一段时间并已决定要采用某种方法” （亨利金斯利）。Meditate 暗指严肃的思考，比如对于采取一项行动或执行一项计划所做的考虑；这个词还可表示陷入深深的思考： “The King struck the blow he had for some time meditated” (William E.H. Lecky). “国王实施了他考虑已久的打击” （威廉E.H.莱奇）。 “He quitted her presence to meditate upon revenge” (Frederick Marryat). “他不让她出现以考虑如何复仇” （弗雷德里克玛利亚特）。Deliberate 是指集中注意力地且通常是缓慢地思考， 如对于将要做出的一项选择或决定的思考： The jury deliberated for two days before returning a verdict. 陪审团在仔细斟酌了两天后才做出了他们的最后决定。Ruminate / mull暗指把一件事情在脑子里翻来覆去地想： “The old warrior king was . . . ruminating on his gloomy fortunes” “年迈的武士之王正在反复咀嚼他暗淡的命运和前途” I sat mulling over my problem without finding a solution. 我坐着一遍又一遍地思考我的问题，可总是找不到解决办法。Muse 缪斯希神文艺、美术 、音乐等的缪斯女神是指沉浸在自己的思想中； 该词经常含有一种抽象的性质： “And musing there an hour alone,/I dreamed that Greece might still be free” (Byron). “在那默想一个钟头，/我梦见希腊也许仍然自由” （拜伦）思考类名词总结(观点 / 概念 / 理论) Notion 概念, 观念, 想法/ idea / view / concept / perception 理解，感知，感觉perspective 观点, 看法/ observation / examination witness / judgment / approach / hypothesis impression / supposition假定, 想象, 推测, 推想 / theory / thought apprehension 理解, 忧惧/ comprehension / realization consideration 体谅, 考虑/ interpretation / understanding speculation / vision幻想,洞察力 / picture / inclination 倾向/ ideology 意识形态支持类单词总结 Support / maintain / insist / hold / uphold 支持, 赞成/ agree / accede to 同意，让步：通常是因为他人的坚持而同意accede to terms同意条件accede to a request答应某人要求accede to a proposal接受建议accede to a party加入政党accede to an estate继承一份产业/ admit / consent to同意)consent to stay on同意继续住下My father would not consent to my leaving school./ assent 同意/ verify / revel in 得意于, 着迷, 酷爱, 纵情于revel in a book/ glory in 自豪, 得意/ believe in / dictate 规定/ celebrate 表扬, 赞美a song that celebrates love. 反对类单词总结 Contradict / decline / disagree / dispute / dissent from不同意dissent from the Church of England/ oppose / protest / refuse / abandon / neglect / disapprove / disprove 反驳 / condemn 核心的；主要的；基本的；内在的 essential / chief / crucial / core / fundamental / main / key / principal / elementary / primary indispensable / central / vital / underlying / inherent 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的inherent contradictions内在矛盾inherent laws内在规律inherent regulations自动调节/ intrinsic (指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的 / inborn 天生的, 生来的, 先天的an inborn talent for art天赋的艺术才能重要的；显著的 important / valuable / substantial 坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的/ big / considerable / critical / crucial / decisive决定性的/ earnest 认真的, 热心的, 庄严的：重要或有份量的/ exceptional 例外的, 异常的/ marked 有记号的, 显著的/ meaningful / momentous 重大的, 重要的/ paramount 极为重要的/ salient 易见的, 显著的, 突出的, (salient features points, characteristics 特色, 特征, 特点)/ significant / weighty 重要的；重大的/ eminent / influential / outstanding / distinctive 与众不同的, 有特色的/ esteemed 尊敬的/ grand 盛大的, 豪华的, 重大的, 主要的, 极重要的/ honored / illustrious 杰出的illustrious accomplishments杰出成就/ leading / majestic 宏伟的, 庄严的/ notable / powerful /prominent / remarkable / solid / superior / conspicuous 显著的限制 / 阻挠 limit / confine / compress / decrease / lessen 减少, 减轻narrow / bar / bind 约束/ cap 给定一个上限/ check / constrain / curb impede 妨碍：拖延或阻挡的进程/ inhibit / obstruct / restrict / cramp 关住，限制，约束diminish (使)减少, (使)变小/ block / choke堵塞/ frustrate / hamper hinder / retard 延迟, 使减速/ stall / throttle 扼杀, 压制/ thwart 反对, 阻碍, 横过退步 decline / halt / repress压制/ recession / cease / fall 减少 abate 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 除去, 缓和, 打折扣abate a tax减税The medicine abated his pain.这药减轻了他的痛苦。We must abate the noise pollution in our city.我们必须消除我们城里的噪音污染。/ curb / curtail 削减/ drop / ebb潮退, 衰退/ evaporate / fade / lower / reduce / restrain / shrink / decrease /slacken松弛, 放慢, 减弱, 减少, 减缓放慢slacken ones efforts松劲The car has slackened its speed.车速放慢了。/ slump失败, 消沉, (物价)暴跌, 跌落Business slumped after the holidays.节日过后生意下降了/ subside下沉, 沉淀, 平息, 减退, 衰减The sea subsides.海浪平息下来。The wind subsided to a calm.风平息了。He subsided into a chair.他慢吞吞地坐在椅子上。/ wane变小, 亏缺, 衰落, 退潮（wax and wane (月的)盈亏圆缺; 喻盛衰）His strengthreputation is -ning.他的力量名声减弱了。The day is -ning.近黄昏了。/ diminish / subtract增加 / 发展 increase / develop / enlarge / expand / grow / raise advance / aggrandize增加, 夸大All he desired was to aggrandize his estate.他所希望的只是扩充他的家业。/ amplify / augment增加, 增大Continuing rains augmented the flood waters.持续的雨水加大了洪水水量/ boost 刺激增长, 增强/ broaden / enhance / enlarge / escalate / extend further / heighten / inflate / magnify放大, 扩大, 赞美, 夸大, 夸张/ mount progress / proliferate增生，增殖，激增 / spread / swell (使)膨胀, 增大/ widen 发展 / 进步 / 加强 / 丰富 / 增加 develop / advance / evolve / expand / flourish foster / grow / maturate / mature / promote / ripen thrive / amplify / augment / broaden / cultivate deepen / enlarge / enrich / extend / intensify magnify / perfect / refine / spread / strengthen enhance / stretch / widen / hike提高，抬高，增加：数量上的增加或提高，特别指突然性地：Shopkeepers hiked their prices for the tourist trade.店铺老板们对观光客们大幅提价/ aid / assist / boost / boom / blossom / expedi(a)te使加速开始 / 产生 begin / start / commence / originate / initiate generate / form / unfold 开展A brilliant career unfolded.发展起来的光辉事业arise / create / kindle / ignite 消灭 / 消失 / 消散 extinguish / abolish / annihilate / crush / destroy eliminate / eradicate / erase / extirpate消灭, 根除, 毁灭extirpate weeds evils根除杂草弊端extirpate superstition破除迷信/ obliterate废除, 擦掉quell镇压Police quelled the riot.警察平息了暴动使平静；安静：finally quelled the childrens fears.最终驱散了孩子们的恐惧/ remove / stamp out扑灭, 踩灭 / quench结束, 熄灭，淬火/ smother / suffocate使窒息, 噎住, 闷熄/ trample / disappear / depart / disperse / dissipate驱散（云、雾、疑虑等), 浪费(金钱或时间)/ dissolve 解散/ ebb / end / evaporate / expire / fade / fade away / flee / recede后退/ retire / retreat / sink / wane / withdraw suppress镇压, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住,stifle使窒息, 抑制, repress压制这些动词表示抑制需要找到发泄途径的某事。 Suppress suggests the exercise of force that drastically inhibits or crushes: Suppress 表示使用力量来激烈地禁止或镇压： “There is the world of ideas and the world of practice;the French are often for suppressing the one and the English the other;but neither is to be suppressed” (Matthew Arnold). “存在着一个思想的世界和一个行动的世界；法国人通常赞成压制前一个世界，而英国人则赞成压制后一个；但是两者都不会被压制住的” （马修阿诺德）。To stifle is to keep back something, such as an impulse or an emotion, as if by smothering it: Stifle 就是好像闷熄般抑制住某物，如冲动或情感： “This was a sinful curiosity, and I stifled it to the best of my ability” (John Galt).“这种好奇心是罪恶的，我尽了我最大的力量来抑制它” （约翰盖尔特）。Repress 通常表示以意志力来控制某事：Repress often implies keeping something under control by an act of volition: “To save his life he could not repress a chuckle” (Booth Tarkington). 为了救他的命，他情不自禁地轻声笑起来： （希斯塔尔金顿）废除 / 取消 / 抵消 / 使无效 abolish / eliminate / annul废除, 取消, 废止“The significance of the past . . . is annulled in idle gusts of electronic massacre”/ nullify使无效；废除nullify a contract取消合同nullify ones efforts使某人徒劳/ annihilate cancel / dissolve / invalidate使无效/ negate否定，打消 / neutralize 抵消obliterate废除, 擦掉/ revoke撤消，撤回revoke an driving licence吊销驾驶执照revoke verbal evidence翻供/ retract收回；否认refused to retract the statement.拒绝收回那声明/ delete / erase / efface抹掉/counteract / offset / act against 改变 change / alter / vary / modify adapt / adjust / convert / evolve / diverge / lower diversify / diminish / fluctuate / merge / reform reduce / regenerate / remake / renovate革新, 刷新, 修复/ resolve revolutionize / shape / shift替换, 转移, 改变, 移转, 推卸, 变速shift a burden from one shoulder to the other将重担从一肩移至另一肩上The wind shifted to the south.风转向南吹。shift the blame on to someone else把一切错误归于别人shift gears变速, 调档strategic shift战略转移go on off shift上下班the shift of responsibility推托责任an eight-hour shift八小时的工作班work in three shifts of eight hours每班八小时的三班制the day-shift日班on the night-shift值夜班/substitute n/v substitute A for B用A代B substitute sb. 替某人班/temper缓合：很好地调整；使协调：a portfolio that is tempered to the investors needs.调整得适合投资者需求的有价证券transform / turn / vacillate犹豫不定/ revise / customize 不改变 continue / hold / keep / persist / remain / stay / sustain maintain / retain / reserve / preserve / conserve / fix 保留 preserve 保守 conserve 保存 reserve 保持 keep / retain / maintain / sustain uphold / perpetuate使永存, 使不朽，使延长的存在；使被纪念：The new library will perpetuate its founders great love of learning.这座新图书馆将纪念它的创建人对学习的热爱/ persevere坚持（褒义） /persist 怀疑(的) suspicious / doubtable / dubious/ skeptical / rule out划去, 排除, 取消/ withhold使停止, 拒给, 保留, 抑制 确认 / 验证 / 证明 / 论证 corroborate 使坚固, 确证corroborate ones authority巩固某人的权威Witnesses corroborated the policemans statement.见证人证实了警察的陈述。/ approve / authenticate / certify / confirm / endorse / justify / prove / ratify 批准, 认可(代理商等)ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案substantiate 证实，证明substantiate an accusation. / support / validate / verify affirm / ascertain确定, 探知/ attest 证明/ determine 决定, 确定, 测定, / manifest 表明, 证明 / settle / testify / uphold / warrant 保证, 辩解, 担保, 批准, 使有正当理由处理 / 管理 / 命令 / 控制 / 支配 cope with / handle / administer / demand / command / conduct / dominate / employ使用/ exercise / govern 统治, 支配, 管理/ manipulate / supervise监督, 管理, 指导/ utilize / dispose (of) / wield使用，掌握wield power行使权力wield control influence施加控制影响wield the sceptre掌握大权; 行使权力/ array部署, 穿着, 排列arrayed the whole regiment on the parade ground.将整个团列阵于阅兵场大量的 ample