研究生英语课文翻译答案.doc

UNIT 11.5.1 Comprehension 1) 他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。2) 她哭得很伤心。/她眼睛都哭肿了。3) 女孩很快摆好了餐具。4) 他大发雷霞，未免小题大做。 5) 我们找了他，但一无所获。“to no purpose”和“for no purpose不同，后者是“没有目的”，前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。6) 人生历程就是从生到死。 7) 但是他的重大发明还在后头呢 8) 他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。可不是吗！/没错。9) 我死也不干。（不能译：那怕这样能救我的命也不干）10) 谁来都行，由我来对付。/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。 11) 理论固然重要，实践更重要/理论源于实践。 12) 学英语，光学语法是不行的。13)你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。14) 我拜读过大作，没有想到你这么年轻有为(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。 15) 他们再次相逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个也已经再嫁了。16) 哎哟! 人生如草芥。 17) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。18) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。 19) 可是这个家里是他妈妈说了算(或他妈妈当家)，他们说，他连他妈妈的一半也顶不上/他那样的人，两个也比不过他妈妈一个。1.5.2 Expression Free translation1）当然喽!或译成：还用说吗! 2) 他们不欢而散，成了仇敌。3)天网恢恢，疏而不漏。(法律的权力和威力是“鞭”长可及的，是无边的。或译为：罪犯难逃天罗地网。) 4) 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。5) 关于增税的谈论激怒了许多公民。a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。6) 选A, B是胡译UNIT 22.2. Word (1)他是新闻界重要人物。 (2)他父亲酒瘾极大。 (3)这部车耗油量很大。 (4)这种甜点心还不错，就是有点腻。(5)他太胖了，需要穿特大号的衬衫。 (6)下班后，她心情沉重地回家了。(7)今晚的雨下得比昨晚大。 (8)那里传来了浓郁的柠檬树和花的香味。(9)十年内将有一场战争，这对每个人来说都是一个令人忧虑的消息。(10)The two good friends get into disputes because of money. (11) People hold different opinions on celebrities as the spokesmen of drug ads.(12) In the recent years, people complain a lot about the haze/smog in Beijing.(13) You should seek the advice of your parents and teachers before changing your major. (14) Id like to add a few points to the issue of climate changes. 2.3.1 Subject1. The house was built in the western compound (courtyard)/ The western compound witnessed/saw the building of another house. 2. We built a house. 3. 同14. Another house was built last year/Last year witnessed the building of another house.5.The members of the Presidium are sitting on the platform./ The platform is occupied by the members of the Presidium.6. Where are we now? Where is it? Where am I?7. There is no meeting today. 8. Jumping and running help our digestion.9. We use chopsticks when we have meals./ Chopsticks are used for eating meals./ Having meals requires the use of chopsticks. 10. “15” is an odd number. (even number偶数)11. Our financial resources are limited, but expenses limitless.12. To empty ones purse to help people in need is a virtue./ It is a virtue for one to empty his purse to help people in need.13. As for his business, you neednt worry too much. 14. Wisdom/cleverness doesnt necessarily mean success. 15. Exact calculation depends on a calm mind.16. The best learner will be given a reward./ Whoever learns (Those who learn)best will be given a reward.17. (You should) take one step and look around before taking another.18. There are many people in the street. 19. Small shops dot the way.20. As you sow, so will you reap.21. It is ok (all right) for me (one person) to do it./ Let me do it, it is enough.22. It is impossible for him to believe what you said/your words.23. It is not strange that sometimes cats are more fierce than dogs./It sometimes happens that cats are more fierce than dogs. /That cats are sometimes more fierce than dogs does happen ( in our life).24. From outside the window came a gust of laughter.25. With a knowledge of natural sciences, one can go anywhere in the world./If one has a knowledge of natural sciences, he /she can go anywhere in the world. /Whoever has (Those who have) a knowledge of natural sciences can go anywhere in the world./ The mastery of a knowledge of natural sciences enables you to go anywhere in the world.26. It doesnt matter to be slow, but it is easy to make mistakes to be fast./ Being slow is no problem, while being fast may result in mistakes.27. There is plenty of meat in the kitchen; there are strong horses in the stable. But people looks hungry, and there are people who starved to death in the field. 28. To be scolded and to be beaten (punished) is to be loved.(Scolding means loving, beating means affection). It will be strange (impossible) for a life without scolding and beating. 29. The man is stubborn. 30. One learns as long as one lives./ We learn as long as we live./Live and learn.31. Many high buildings were built. 32. Be quiet. 2.3.2 Predicate1. I know that. 2. Who said/did that? 3. I feel very hot. 4. The melon is very sweet.5. This pair of shoes is small and worn-out. 6. He is a good guy. 7. The girl has big eyes. 8. Each one gets one copy./one for each.9. The boy is 16 years old.10. He is smelling of sweat. (正在进行时表示强烈的感情色彩)11. He has a quick temper. 12. The dish tastes salted.13. The child has a good memory. 14. China is rich/abounds in land areas and resources.15. You scared me out of my senses. 16. Youre making a fuss about nothing./Youre raising a storm in a teacup.(正在进行时表示强烈的感情色彩)17. During the Moon Festival every family eats moon cakes.18. It hasnt rained for 2 months./It is 2 months since it rained last. 19. This conduct is immoral.20. What we owed to our party is far beyond the measure/cant be measured.21. It is not that I didnt understand, but that I didnt want to say anything.22. The problem remains to be solved by the labor union.23. We like/value old friends just as we like/value new clothes. /Old friends are as good as new clothes. /Friends are good when old, clothes when new.24. We must not only concern ourselves with personal affairs but the affairs of the state and the world.如果放在对联“风声、雨声、读书声，声声入耳；家事、国事、天下事，事事关心。”可译为： The sounds of wind, of rain and of reading aloud all fall upon my ears. The affairs of the state, of the family, and of the world are all my concerns. 25. The reeds on the wall are top-heavy, foot-light and root-shallow. The bamboo shoots in the hill are tongue-sharp, skin-thick, and stomach-empty./ The reeds on the wall have heavy tops, light feet and shallow roots. The bamboo shoots in the hill have sharp tongues, thick skin, and hallow inside./ The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and foot-light with shaky foundations. The bamboo shoots in the hill are tongue-sharp and skin-thick with empty bellies.26. He often receives visitors and attends dinner parties./ He often treats visitors with dinner./ He often invite others to have a dinner.27. I remembered that he had been to Washington.28. Professor Li always stands there and gives his lectures./ Professor Li always stands there giving his lectures./ Professor Li always gives his lectures by standing in front of the classroom.29. One of my friends lives in Vancouver./ I have a friend living in Vancouver.30. The children came running to greet us.31. He often took his students to the factory for a visit/to visit the factory.32. Lets open the window and let in the fresh air./ Lets open the window to let in the fresh air.33. Taking a dictionary, he began to prepare his lessons./ He took a dictionary and began to prepare his lessons.34. He is going to fix an appointment over the phone to meet her for a talk.35. He is going to ask for leave to go home by air to see his relatives next Thursday.Translation Practice1. 对于许多人来说，在当今计算机时代还需要由人来作翻译似乎不合情理。既然现代计算机能装入词典和语法，为什么不让计算机来作翻译呢?计算机是可以作一些非常简单的语际转换工作，条件是事前和事后都要进行大量的编辑。但是无论广告小册子还是抒情诗都绝不可能归结为计算机所要求的那种逻辑。计算机打印出来的译文常常是可以看懂的如果有关人员早就知道原文的大概。但是机器翻译出来的东西，其语言形式通常是不自然的，而且有时候简直令人不可思议。再者，仅仅修改程序或者增加规则也不会使译文有真正的改观。人的大脑不仅具有数字功能和模拟功能，而且还有内存价值系统，这个系统在语言成分分析上比起计算机来有着不可估量的优势。对于任何文体引人入胜、语义复杂的文本包括大多数值得在另一种语言中表达出来的东西，非得由人来进行翻译不可。 2. Translation means the conversion of an expression into another languageTo say plainly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possible. Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator must stick to the authors idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his authors idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.II. Choose the better translation: 1. (B) 2. (C) 汉语喜欢动态表达，多用动词、短句和四字结构。UNIT 33.1 Judging from different contexts (1) 那是一件艺术品。 (2) 他们经常在工厂劳动。 (3) 昨天我们干了一整天的活。(4) 他知道如何操作该机器。(5) 我们已经读完了爱因斯坦的著作。(6)二十世纪五十年代合肥没有汽车制造厂。(7 有些卫星中继站有着一种不同的功能。(8)这些表的机件都是国产的，并且耐磨。 (9) 功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。 (10)对资源的可持续性管理是否行得通还有待观察。Judging from Different Collocations (1) 氢和氧构成水。(2)分子由原子组成。(3)雌蜘蛛在树上或花丛中结网。(4) 正是数学的抽象性使它大有用处。(5) 有了电，才使无线电通讯成为可能(才可能进行无线电通讯)。 (6) 大多数物质加热时，体积增大。(7)中国在科技方面已经取得了很大的进展。(8) 将来我们要利用许多新的能源。(9)我们一定要为我国的环境保护作出较大的贡献。(10)他们正在试制一种新型电动机来满足生产的需要。Translation Practice:1. 该显微镜没什么毛病。2.我可以提出关于这件事的意见吗? 3. 不论你把数据资料给我的早(或)晚，都无关紧要。4. 水力已成为经济上的一个重大问题。 5. 他突破了现象论，抓住了事物的本质。 6.这篇科技文章的内容很好，但是体裁太糟糕了。 7. 自然界的一切现象都通过物质以时间和空间的形式展现在我们面前。 8. 实际上，物理学家发现得越多，有关存在的实质就越令人惊奇。 9.科学家们经过实验宣告他们发现了他们相信（认为）是物质最终结构的东西即夸克。10.二的四次方(幂)是十六。11. 功率指的是做功的速率。12. 电力能够远距离输送。13. 机器的输出功率总是小于输入功率。14. 航天器(太空飞行器)的速度越快，它的能量消耗就越大。15. 现代工业利用大量蒸汽来发电。16.陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。17.在强烈希望减少总重量和总体积(全面减少重量和体积)的同时，还需要减少元件和设备的动力消耗。18. 化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一种元素的化合价。（译为“价”）19. 独立宣言包括三个部分:第一部分阐明政治哲学民主与自由哲学,内容深刻动人;第二部分列举若干具体的不平事例,以证明乔治三世破坏了美国的自由;第三部分庄严宣布独立,并宣誓支持该项政策。20. 接到来函后，不到十分钟，我骑马动身了。到达坎特布里，换乘四轮马车进镇，但一场雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，一时不能痊愈。大约中午到达财务委员会，要做的第一件事，就是刮脸换衣。不久，打听到在委员会前树碑的内情。可是我尚未接到通知，不过从送信者口里获悉翌日上午会有通知的。我一回到小旅馆就吃了晚饭，然后就上床睡觉。第2天一早，吃过早饭，换好衣服，我就及时出发去打听有关纪念碑的事情。一得到消息，我就坐上马车，在3点之前回到了坎特布里。没给你带来什么，再见吧。II.1. The evening party was a great success. 2. She was once a favorite with the boss.3. It is heard that there has never been a cross word between the two of them.4. Their days are becoming better and better.5. He stayed up all night and his eyes are bloodshot.6. Though he is young, he has already seen through the world of mortals.7. After a few drinks his face flushed.8. The girl had rosy cheeks, brightened by a smile.9. He is always jealous of people who can earn more than he does.10. He reached the height of his popularity in the thirties, and was all but forgotten after the war. (became a nobody)11. Our factory has had all-round success this year. All our targets have been fulfilled ahead of schedule.12. His face was healthily tanned by the flaming sun.UNIT 4Translation Practice 1:1. 冶金学研究各种金属的提炼方法及其种种特性。2. 由于没有转动部件，所需维修工作量可减少到最低限度。3. 考虑到我的健康问题，他们当时对我是友好的，对我的看法是支持的。4. 一幢幢的楼房，都是老妇人从未见过的。5. 果断、坚毅、变通能力是人们在商场上取得成功的三个要素。6. 他因工作关系，只能隔周在周末回家。7. 导体内如果没有电压，便不会产生电子流动现象。8. 发电机的工作原理是以磁和电的这种相互作用为基础的。9. 制造过程中的主要问题是如何控制污染和杂质，例如，药品的制造。10. 我真替她担忧，但此时此地，既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。11. 各国社会制度不同，但不应妨碍彼此接近与相互合作。12. 我可以说，我们两国之间的关系比我所知道的以往任何时期都好，其基本特点在于比以前更能坦率地交换意见。 13. 随着科学技术的发展，不久的将来会开通往返金星的，还有火星的航班。14. 老师们现在发现学生们过去很容易教，是因为当时他们很容易地把所学到的东西运用到实践中去。15. 物价过去很高，现在仍然很高的真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话就能圆满解释的。 16. 他对数论的抽象性，对天文学的冗长的计算方法以及对应用物理学的实际应用问题都是同样精通的。/他既精通数论的抽象性，又精通天文学的冗长的计算方法，还精通应用物理学的实际应用问题 17. A cat, whatever the color, is good if it catches mice.18. It will take great pains to improve the financial situation of the factory.19. In the face of difficulties, we should have firm confidence and rely on sci-tech progress to promote our coal-bed methane (CBM) industry 20. What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us for 8 or 10 years, and by that time all of Chinas problem would have been solved.II. 1.(C) 2. (B) 3. (C) UNIT 51.与人同乐才是真乐。/众乐才是真乐。(joy省译)2热塑料加热就会变软。(if省译) 3. 他耸耸(他的)肩，摇摇(他的)头，抬起(他的)两眼看天，一句话也不说。4. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。（over.not省译）。5这台计算机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。6. 同过去一样，将来必然会出现的新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。(they have省译)7给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。（by省译）8.穷人在没有政府资助的情况下，也能活得不错， 这个事实对多数人来说本身就是个巨大胜利。（as they did with it省译） 9矿物燃料告罄之日已经为期不远了，最多再有一两个世纪，人类将耗尽地球上所有的石油和煤炭资源。10. 人类对科学的探索，对知识的寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有了躲避天灾人祸的能力。11.In the 21st century, we must vigorously develop our education, and science and technology.12. The old man was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.13. The purposes of his journey were both military and political.14. They started from scratch and needed men, money and space.15. The Party and the government will rely on all quarters of society to increase its support for the central and western parts. 16I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and so has she.17. In short, taking the country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas. 18. In a sense, Chinas modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations.19. The big cities should press ahead with the reform of housing, and accelerate the establishment of a minimum standard of living for impoverished urban residents. 20. To make a right choice needs deep thinking, realistic judgment, careful attitude, sufficient time as well as brave resolution.II. 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C)UNIT 6Translation Practice 1:1. 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对核战。(名词转动词)2. 要想成为成功的销售员，你需要的是善于倾听。(名词转动词)3. 生于社会，不能脱离社会。(形容词转动词)4. 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。(名词转形容词)5. 一位穿得考究，外表、谈吐像美国人的人上了出租车。(动词转名词)6. 中俄两国间的贸易额有很大的增加，这使双方都受益。(副词转形容词，动词转名词， 名词转动词)7. 美国真正摆脱了曾盛行于欧洲的所有不公正行为。(名词escape译为动词)8. 十九世纪八十年代的美国是一个贫富分化极为明显的国家。(动词divided转译成了名词“分化”；副词sharply也相应地转译成了形容词“极为明显的”)9. 然而全部历史告诫我们，否认这些基本原因，就会致使整个世界陷于瘫痪的、无处不有的自私自利之中。(名词denial转译为动词)10.过了某一时刻，当大多数有关的事实到手时，你就会发现只能听凭收益递减律的摆布了。(介词in, at转译为动词)11.只要发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和幽默将这个人争取过来。(名词转副词)12. 我记得当我最初抓住物种起源中心思想的时候，我的感想是“真笨，我怎么连这个都没有想到！” (名词转动词)13. 亚太地区的特点是集经济、社会和政治制度、文化传统和价值观、语言和愿望多元化为一体。(动词转名词)14. 把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自于人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。(名词users转译成动词“使用”，而形容词ill-informed，incompetent相应地转成了动词“不甚了解”或副词“不当”。)15. The experiment report is performed in compliance with the specifications. 16. The circulation of air is necessary to the growth of plants.17. In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.18. A new nuclear power station is now in the process of construction in that area.19. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.20. This article aims at discussing new development in raw material and techniques.21. It is well known that western people think differently from Chinese people.22. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.23. To prove the mysterious sth.radium, the Curies worked very hard.24. Today, the substitution of information age for the industrial age has compressed time and distance.25. A successful scientist is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective.26. A deeper look into the fundamental drivers of this capacity expansion and rationalization reveals that emerging trends will shape the future of the global refining industry.II. 1.(C) 2. (B)Unit 7Translation Practice:1. 我真不该重犯这样的错误。 2 伊拉克这个国家长期以来都是多灾多难的。 3. 我绝不同意。4.这两部仪器并非都是精密仪器。 5. 这两部仪器并非都是精密仪器。 6 这儿变化无常的天气使我适应不了。7 这些事件的重要性引起了我们的注意。 8. 工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。 9. 不懂的事，不要怕问。10. 没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。11. 我认为我们要求的事情他们都一一办到了。12. 有必要就这个问题展开一项长期的、不带成见(坦诚)的、系统的探索研究。(正openminded反) 13. 你一打开电视准会看到一个女人在做产品演示。(反couldnt, without正)14. 假如他不发(保持)脾气，谈判很可能已成功了。(正kept反)15. 他应该知道不擦净鞋子而走进屋里去是不对的。 16. 国立大学，在战前是教育制度上的骄傲，当时是不收女生的。 17.这是一本很有价值的书。我认为，任何人，无论文章写得有多好，也可以从中得到许多教益。 18. 学生们现在面对大量生僻的英语词汇和惯用法犹豫起来，因为这些都是教材中未涉及到的内容。(untouched反正，falls outside正反)19. Understanding this mining article is beyond my capacity.20. His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.21.Remember to say “hello” to her for me when you go and see her next week.(正remember反)22. I went to the bus station to meet my classmate but missed her. (正miss反)23. Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth.24. That city and the areas around it ale an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon free zone.25. In the future, oil will cease to be a reason for war.26. She doesnt feel that she can stand her classmates sarcasm any longer.27. There was complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. 28. You will never change your life until you change something you do daily.II.1.(A) 2.(C) 3.(B)UNIT 8I.1. 一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。2. 原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用。3.据估计，这些热带雨林地区拥有地球上50%到90%的动植物物种。4. 在这场争论中，赞成“天性”一方面的那些人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。5. 由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。（增加“加以”）6. 工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉，多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。7. 矿物油是有用的，但前提是要进行清洁并分离成不同的商业产品，而这些产品可用于轮船和火车，汽车和飞机。8. 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比，他们并认为这些思维过程必须是经过某种专门训练才能掌握。9. 必须找到新的能源，这需要时间，而过去我们感到能源价廉而充足的情况将不大可能出现了。10. 科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确的表达方式。(nothing but：只不过是。)11. 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的孩子态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏其他孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 12. 有些人听信谎言而误认为，人们总想保存精力，总想休息，尽可能地爱惜自己。其实情况正好相反。正是精力的消耗才使人感到满足。从某种意义上来说，精力消耗掉，自会有新的补充。正像水库里的水一样，不会越用越少。13. Potential energy is capable of being readily changed into kinetic energy.14. It is well known that hydrogen is the lightest element.15. The solution to the heating problem of the electric machine was ultimately found.16. All sorts of useful things are obtained from oil and coal./ oil and coal can be used to make all kinds of useful things.17. Local governments should be encouraged to come up with their own strategies for protecting environment and increasing energy efficiency. 18. Specialties in colleges and universities should be readjusted and teaching methods should be improved to meet the social needs. 19. All achievements in science and technology are founded on rational thinking,