高中英语语法省略课件.ppt

为了避免重复 句子中某些部分可以省略 省略 一 并列句中的省略 在由and连接的一些句子中 为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组 1 省略共同的主语或宾语 Mr Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand Mr Smith handedittoapoliceman 2 若主语不同而谓语助动词 情态动词相同 则省略后面的助动词或情态动词 JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary musthavebeen doingherhomework 3 若主语与谓语动词相同 则省略后面的主谓成分 Hisadvicemademehappy but hisadvicemade Jimangry 4 若主语不同 但主要动词及后续部分相同 则省略主要动词及后续部分 Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob wasborninwinter in1989 5 省略重复的介词 连词及后续部分 Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand becausehehad missedthetrain 二 状语从句的省略 1 在when while whenever till assoonas if unless asif though as whether等引导的状语从句中 若谓语有be 而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时 则从句的主语和be常被省略 1 As hewas young hewasastore keeper 2 Hisopinion whether itis rightorwrong wouldbeconsidered 2 在as than however whatever nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分 Anyone nomatterwho heis maypointoutourshortcomings Icanonlydoitthewayas Iwas toldto doitthatway 3 虚拟条件句常省略if 将were had should提前构成部分倒装 Shouldtherebeaflood Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo 4 有些状语从句置于句末 可作句尾省略 有时可省略整个从句 Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill go Iwouldhavecomeyesterday ifIhadwantedto 三 定语从句和名词性从句中的省略 1 在限定性定语从句中 作宾语用的关系代词whom which that可省略 在以thesame as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中 也可省略与主句相同部分 Thegirl who whom that theteacherspoketoisLiuYing Idon tlikesuchbooksasthis is 2 定语从句中的 主语 系动词be 可以省略 Thegoods whichwere orderedlastmonthhaven tarrivedyet 3 在know think consider suppose find believe say decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中 连词that可以省略 若带有多个宾语从句 只有第一个that可省略 其余的则不能 Ithink that itwillclearup 转晴 thisafternoon Hesaid that thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart 4 由which when where how和why引导的宾语从句 可全部或部分省略 Hewillcomeback buthedoesn tknowwhen hewillcomeback 5 在与suggest request order advise等词相关的名词性从句中 须用虚拟语气形式 should 动词原形 should可省略 Theofficerorderedthathismen should fire Itissuggestedthatwe should gotoseethefilm 四 复合句中特殊的省略现象 1 主句省略多用于句首 在答句中 主句或者一些成分可全部省略 Itisa PitythatIdidn tgotoMary sbirthdaypartyyesterday 2 省略一个从句或从句的一部分 可用so或not代替 1 Shemaynotbefreetoday Ifso so sheisnotfreetoday wewillhavetoreportthemanager 2 Ishefeelingbettertoday I mafraidnot not heisn tfeelingbettertoday 五 动词不定式省略 只保留to的场合1 不定式作某些动词的宾语时 常见动词如like love care hope wish expect afford forget prefer refuse mean try advice persuade agree want remember manage等 Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft Imeanto butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn tfindheranywhere 2 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时 常见的有ask tell advise force persuade wish allow permit等 Shewantstocomebutherparentswon tallowto 3 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时 常见形容词如happy glad eager anxious willing ready等 Ithinksheshouldgetajob butyoucan tforcehertoifshe snotreadyto I llbeawayonabusinesstrip Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat Notatall I dbehappyto 4 不定式作某些复合谓语时 常见结构如beableto begoingto haveto oughtto usedto等 Hedoesn tlikefishbutheusedto 注意 当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时 to后面保留原形have或be Hedidn tcome butheoughttohave Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe 六 动词不定式符号to的省略 1 主语部分有todo 系动词是is或was时 作表语的不定式通常省略to Theonlythingyouhavetodois to pressthebutton 2 作介词but except besides的宾语时 前面有实义动词do时 常省略不定式符号to Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerbettersthismorning 3 当两个或多个不定式并列时 其后的不定式符号可省略 但有对比关系时则不省略 Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout 平行结构 4 在see watch notice hear listento lookat feel havemake let leave observe等词后作宾语补足语时 省略不定式符号to Why not do结构中不定式不带to Didyounoticeherentertheroom whynotjoinus 七 介词的省略 考点 1 一些常和动名词 形容词一起搭配的介词常省略 而保留其后的动名词 常见的句型有spend wastetime in doing losenotime in doing havedifficult trouble in doing bebusy in doing stop preventsb from doing等 Theheavyrainpreventedhim from arrivingthereontime Shelostnotime in givingthepatientfirstaid 2 表示行为方式的in在inthisway inthesameway inanotherway等词组中 经常被省略 Hedidit in thisway 八 会话中的省略 省略在会话中应用广泛 无论是回答别人问题 还是在接别人说话时都会发生 否则就觉得累赘 Doyoulikethisshirt Yes Ilikeit verymuch Come Thisway please WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset Losingherbicycle madehersoupset 省略句练习题 1 Generallyspeaking accordingtodirections thedrughasnosideeffect A whentakingB whentakenC whentotakeD whentobetaken B 2 Though money hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity lackedB lackingofC lackingD lackedin C 3 Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft Imeant butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn tfindheranywhere A todoB toC doingD doingit B 4 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto A 5 Whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank A BobhadwalkedfartherB ifBobshouldwalkfartherC hadBobwalkedfartherD ifBobwalkedfarther C 6 Doyouthinkit sgoingtorainovertheweekend A Idon tbelieveB Idon tbelieveitC Ibelie