牛津高一英语第一学期重要短语复习及语法专项练习（含答案）.doc

高一英语第一学期期末总复习【重要短语复习】1run into2a couple of3Step up the search for sb.sth.4go missing5show great interest in sth.6due to7turn up8get ready for sth.9put on ones favorite CD10begin with/ start with11according to12the full moon13pull back the curtains14do research on sb.15fly over16rule out the possibility of17look into18make up a story19in an inverted pyramid format20in charge of21make a speech22outer space23launch a spaceship into space24the former Soviet Union25collect samples26dream of doing sth.27carry out28pick sb. up29come true30human beings31a space shuttle32be connected to33make a comic strip34conduct a survey35be divided into36instead of37point out38belong to39in return40shake hands with sb.41introduce oneself42intend to do sth.43inorder44draw conclusions45make recommendation46base sth. on sth.47remote areas48give sb. an idea of49on average50find ones way to51land bridge52break off53be responsible for sth.54leave out55vote on sth.56busy doing sth.57plenty of58spend time doing59go white-water rafting60in case61go on a trip62even if63because of64after sunset65begin with/start with66refer to67be concerned about68scare away69take a photo of70travel on camels/by camel71write a reply to sb.72cant wait to do73look forward to doing74risk ones life75remind sb. of/about sth.76see/watch the sunrise/the sunset77at dawn78see the race of79in total silence80look out for81take a river cruise82draft a travel plan83fill in84be away on business85take turns to do86up to87in all/in total88travel in a cable car89be tired of90be touched with91leave out92make use of93be confident of/about94a tourist spot95on entering96a great deal of97as a result98have (an) effect on sth.99at the age of 17100search for101make a discovery102as well as103fall ill104attend a class105die of heart trouble106have sth. to do with sth.sb.107in advance108base on109prepare for110match sth. with sth.111pay off112make a great contribution to113would rather do sth.114dream of doing sth.115in the 1920s116be curious about sth.117deal with sth.118experiment with sth.119take (an) interest in sth.120in ones thirties121pay little attention to sth.122catch the readers attention123make a note of124win a Nobel Prize for sth.125in control of126sail at full speed127thanks to his research128be known as129lead sb. to a place1偶尔撞见2一双，一对3加紧，加快搜索4失踪5对某事表现出极大的兴趣6由于，因为7出现，露面，到达8为某事作好准备9播放某人喜爱的CD10以开始11根据，按照12满月13拉开窗帘14对某人或某事进行研究15从头顶上飞过16排除的可能性17调查18编故事19以倒金字塔的格式20负责，掌管21发言，演讲22外层空间，外太空23发射飞船到太空24前苏联25采集样本26梦想，向往做某事27实行，执行，贯彻28接走某人29成为现实，实现30人类31航天飞机32与有联系33编写连环画34进行一次调查35被分成部分36代替，取代37指出38属于39作为回报，作为报答40与某人握手41自我介绍42打算做某事43按顺序44得出结论45推荐46以为基础根据47边远地区48给某人印象49平均50来到某处；流人，进人51大陆桥52断开53为某事负责54遗漏；省略55就某事投票56忙于做某事57大量的58花时间做某事59进行急流漂60以防万一61去旅行62即使63因为64日落之后65以开始66提到，谈到67为担忧68吓跑69给拍照70骑骆驼旅行71给某人写回信72迫不及待做某事73盼望做某事74冒生命危险75提醒某人做某事76看日出日落77黎明时78看到迹象79沉默不语80寻找81乘船观光82起草旅游计划83填满84出差85轮流做86多达87总共88坐缆车旅游89因而厌烦，厌烦做90带有色彩91遗漏，省略92利用93对有信心94旅游景点95进入96许多的97结果，因为，由于98对有影响99在17岁100寻找，搜寻101发现102和；也103生病104听课105死于心脏病106与做某事某人有关系107事先108根据，基于109为某事作好准备110使与相搭配111付清112为做出伟大贡献113宁愿做某事114梦想做某事115在20世纪20年代116对某事感到好奇117处理某事118用做试验119对感兴趣120在某人三十几岁时121几乎不重视某事122吸引读者的注意力123做笔记124因某事而获诺贝尔奖125控制，管理126全速航行127由于他的研究128作为而出名129领某人到某处【语法专项复习】在英语句子中，不同时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，要使用不同的动词形式，这一点和汉语不同，这种谓语动词的变化形式，称之为时态。现将本学期我们所学的时态总结如下，包括：现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去完成时，将来进行时，过去将来时等。 一、现在完成时1.动词形式现在完成时由助动词have (has) + 动词过去分词构成。2.现在完成时的基本用法1)表示过去某时所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响。动作已经完成，但从结果看，又着眼于现在。现在完成时不能和表示具体的过去时间的状语 (如yesterday, last year, in 1999等)连用，而常和以下表示不确定时间的状语连用：yet, already, before, recently, never, often, lately, sometimes, twice, this week (month, morning, year等),ever, today, once等等。Phillip has lost all his money. (菲利浦失去了他所的钱。)I havent heard from my parents recently. (最近我没有收到父母的来信。)Joan hasnt finished reading my essay yet. (琼还没读完我的论文。)Have you had your supper yet? (你吃过晚饭了吗？)I have never seen such a moving film. (我从来没看过这么有趣的电影。)Ive had enough now. (我已经吃或喝够了。)2)表示动作或状态开始于过去某一时间，持续到现在，并且有延续下去的趋势。常和表示一段时间的状语连用：since, for a long time, up till now, up to now, so far, for the past (last) few years, these days (months, years)等。Bogart has worked here for about five years. (布加特已在这儿工作五年了。)Up till now, Grace has received no news from her parents. (迄今为止，格雷丝尚未收到父母的消息。)Nancy has been away for four years. (兰西已经离开四年了。)3)在时间状语和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将要完成的动作。Ill start as soon as the rain has stopped. (雨一停，我就出发。)Ill go and see my girl friend when I have finished writing this book. (写完这本书之后，我就去看我的女朋友。)When I have studied the book Ill write a report on it. (我研读完这本书之后，将写一个关于它的报告。)4)现在完成时常用于下列句型：(1)It has been (is) + 一段时间 + sinceIt has been/is five years since he lived in Beijing. (他不住在北京已经五年了。)注意比较：It has been/is five years since he has lived in Beijing. (他住在北京已经五年了。)(2)It is (will be) the first (second)time (day ) thatIt is the first time Ive been here. (我是第一次来这儿。)It is the best film Ive ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的一部电影。)注：1)表示“到哪里去过”要用have (has) been to，表示“去什么地方了，尚未回来”用have(has) gone to。I have been to Paris several times. (我去过巴黎好几次。) (人已回来了)Mary has gone to New York. (玛丽到纽约去了。) (玛丽人在去纽约的路上或在纽约)2)瞬间动词用于完成时态时不能跟表示一段时间的状语。例如，我们要表达“他的父亲去世好几年了。”不能说：His grandfather has died for several years.而应该说：His father grandfather has bee dead for several years.或者：His grandfather died several years ago.或者：It is/ has been several years since his grandfather died. 再如，我们不能用He has joined the army for three years.来表达“他参军三年了。”而应说：He has been in the army for three years.或者：He has been a soldier for three years.或者：He joined the army three years ago.也可以说It is/ has been three years since he joined the army.二、现在完成进行时1.动词形式现在完成进行时由have (has) + been + 现在分词构成。2.现在完成进行时的基本用法：1)表示动作从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，没有中断。Grace has been waiting for me for half an hour. (格雷丝已经等我半小时了。) (动作尚在继续)The satellite has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. (自那时起卫星一直不断地向地球发回信号和照片。) (动作尚在继续)Aaron has been teaching English ever since graduation. (毕业以后，艾伦一直在教英语。) (还在教)2)表示动作从过去到现在一直不断重复、断断续续。I have been saying good-bye to my colleagues these days. (这些天我一直在向我的同事们告别。)My parents have been telling me to work hard since I went to school. (自从我上学之后，我的父母亲不停地告诫我要好好学习。)注：状态动词一般不用于现在完成进行时。若要表示动作的延续性，只能用现在完成时。3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。I have thought it over. (我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。)I have been thinking it over. (我一直在反复考虑这件事。)2)现在完成进行时比现在完成时更具感情色彩。I have been waiting for you for two hours. (我已经等你两小时了。) (有责备的口气)I have waited for you two hours. (我已经等你两个小时了。) (说明一个客观事实)三、过去完成时1.动词形式过去完成时由had + 过去分词构成2.过去完成时的用法1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态。I had worked as a worker for five years before I became a teacher. (在我成为教师之前，我已经当了五年的工人。)By the end of last year, I had already learnt 5,000 English words. (到去年年底，我已学会了5,000个英文单词。)2)动词的过去完成时可以用于表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事，常用的动词有：intend, hope, want, mean, suppose, expect, think等。I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. (我本来要到机场去接你的，可在我出门时有人来看我。)I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didnt ask. (我本打算借你一些钱的，但你没开口。)3)在有hardlywhen, no soonerthan等副词的句中，也使用过去完成时，表示“刚刚就”，“一就”。Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain. (我刚刚到家，天就开始下起雨来了。)No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. (他们刚刚离开那栋建筑，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。)4)过去完成时还用于下面句型中 It was the first time that。It was the first time that Id seen such a beautiful place. (那是我第一次见到这么美的地方。)It was the first Hollywood film I had ever seen in America. (那是我在美国观看的第一部好莱坞电影。)3.过去完成时和一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示的时间是“过去的过去”，一般都有相比较的动作和相对时间。而一般过去时表示的时间只是单纯的过去，没有时间的对比。When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. (当我赶到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。)The plane took off five minutes ago. (飞机在五分钟前起飞了。)I went to bed after I had finished reading the interesting novel. (读完那本有趣的小说之后，我就上床睡觉了。)He told me that Sony Corporation had bought Columbia Pictures for$5 billion. (他告诉我索尼公司花了50亿美元收购了哥伦比亚影业公司。)四、将来进行时1.动词形式将来进行时由shall (will) + be + 现在分词构成。2.将来进行时的用法：1)表示将来某个时刻正在进行的或持续的动作。We will be visiting the Great Wall this time tomorrow. (明天这个时候我们将正在游览长城。)Ill be conducting a scientific experiment this June. (今年六月份我将在进行 一项科学试验。)2)表示委婉的命令、询问、请求等。Will you be going to the movies with me tonight? (你今晚愿意和我去看电影吗？)Youll be coming at six oclock. (请你在6点钟来。3.将来进行时和一般将来时的区别1)一般将来时不仅表示“将来”，还可表示“意志、意愿”等。而将来进行时则只表示单纯的将来。Ill try my best to work hard. (我将尽全力努力学习。) (表意愿)Ill be studying English next semester. (下学期我将在学英语。) (表单纯未来)2)一般将来时的动作发生在将来某个时间，而将来进行时的动作发生在某个具体的时刻。Ill write a letter to my parents tomorrow. (明天我要给父母写封信。)Ill be writing a letter to my parents this time tomorrow. (明天这时候，我将在给父母写信。)五、过去将来时1.动词形式过去将来时由should (would) + 动词原形构成。2.过去将来时的用法：1)表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态。Grace told me that she would marry me the next year. (格雷丝告诉我她明年和我结婚。)I promised that I would be kind to her in the future. (我承诺将来我会对她好。)2)表示过去的某种习惯性动作，一般只用would，不用should。Whenever she had trouble, she would turn to me for help. (每当她有困难，她总会向我求助。)3.过去将来时的其它表达方法：1)Was (were) going to + 动词2)was (were) to + 动词3)was (were) about to + 动词4)过去进行时也可表示过去将来时,例如：Abraham was going to leave when you came. (亚伯拉罕打算在你来时就离开。)Lily said she was to go abroad. (莉莉说她要出国。)Mother told me that she was quitting office. (妈妈告诉我她正准备辞职。)期末试题单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。1. I dont feel like going out now. _ its beginning to rain.A. HoweverB. UnfortunatelyC. BesidesD. Anyway 2. Id try even if I may fail _ sit there worrying in time of trouble.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. less than3. When shall we meet again Mr. Anderson? Lets make it next Saturday if _.A. you are convenient B. it is convenient to youC. you are convenient with it D. it is convenient with you4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have5. When _ help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its very kind of you”.A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered6. I will make this radio work _.A. no matter difficult it is B. no matter how difficult it is C. no matter it is how difficult D. no matter what difficulties we are7. Lets go to a movie after work, OK?_?A. Not at allB. Why notC. Never mindD. What if8. The hall is big enough _, but we will have to move to a bigger one if more people turn up. A. for the momentB. on the momentC. in a momentD. the moment9. Never before _ in greater need of petrol than we are today.A. have we beenB. we have beenC. were weD. we were 10. Where was it that you met the famous football player?It was in the Capital Stadium _ the football game between China and Iran was going on.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. 不填11. Gone are the days _ I can swim happily in the river near my house. A. whichB. thatC. from whichD. when12. About sixty years ago, the Chinese people fought bravely _ Japan _the independence （独立） of their country. A. for; against B. against; forC. with; in order toD. against; in order for13. If one has a bad habit, such as reading in bed, usually it will be very difficult to _. A. break it away B. break off itC. break away from it D. break out of it14. After the Second World War, Germany was divided into two countries. But about fifty years later, they were _ again as one country. A. joined inB. joined onC. joined upD. joined with15. Before slavery was ended in the USA, many black slaves were often _by their owners, _animals. A. beaten to death; likeB. beaten to die; likeC. beaten dead; asD. beat to dying; as16. Beijing is _ favourite to win the bid for _ 2008 Olympics. A. a; /B. /; theC. a; theD. the; the17. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at whichB. at whereC. the place whereD. where18. Mother told Jim to _the milk until it boiled and then turn off the gas. A. observeB. watchC. noticeD. glance19. The train leaves at 6: 00 pm. So I have to be at the station _ 5: 40 pm at the latest. A. untilB. afterC. byD. around20. The next morning she found man _ in bed, dead. A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying21. _ it is!A. What fine a day B. What fine a dayC. How fine a day D. How a fine day22. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. have enjoyed D. have been enjoying23. I cant see the blackboard well. Perhaps you need _. A. to examine your eyesB. to have your eyes examinedC. to have examined your eyesD. to be examined your eyes24. How about John?My uncle _ John a good student. A. thinksB. suggestsC. considersD. knows25. He wondered if the house _. A. was belonged to his B. was belonged to himC. belonged to hisD. belonged to him. 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。Many people agree that boys and girls should 26equally. But in almost every society in the world, girls are paid 27 than boys in 28 such as education, health, jobs and pay. In some Asian and Latin American countries, girls are less 29 to be sent to hospital if they are ill; and they are more likely to die 30 childhood diseases than 31. In some countries, girls from poor families come to 32 with rich families in towns, They work for them as servants. They have to work long hours every day and often receive 33 pay. The reason is 34 their families are 35poor to provide enough food and clothes for all their children. Matt grow the nice vegetables in the village. He grows big, sweet apples and oranges, too. And what 36? Well, the biggest and the 37 flowers. It is a wonderful garden. Matt plants things 38 spring, summer, autumn and winter. After that he does very 39 work. He sits in the garden with his small radio, listening to music 40 all day. Matt likes music. But what 41 the garden? 42 does the work? I will tell you something true; the music 43 the work. All plants 44 music, and Matt knows that. Do you want nice vegetable and beautiful flowers? Just give your plants a lot of 45. 26. A. treat B. be treat C. be treated D. treat as27. A. less attention to B. more attention to C. less attentionD. more attention28. A. matter B. matters C. thing D. something29. A. likely B. possible C. like D. probably30. A. of B. in C. from D. by31. A. them B. others C. girls D. boys32. A. work B. live C. play D. study33. A. no B. not C. much D. few34. A. because B. why C. that D. which35. A. very B. too C. enough D. so36. A. also B. either C. else D. too37. A. prettiest B. prettiest C. more pretty D. most pretty38. A. in B. at C. on D. before39. A. heavy B. tough C. little D. hard40. A. nearly B. hardly C. totally D. barely41. A. on B. about C. to D. inside42. A. What B. Who C. Whom D. Which43. A. did B. was doing C. does D. had done44. A. hear B. play C. love D. grow45. A. music B. air C. water D. milk. 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。ARobert E. Peary was a great U. S explorer. He reached the North Pole in 1809. For more than 20 years, he tried to reach the pole.