北师大版高中英语必修1Unit1 学案GRAMMAR.doc

一般现在时与现在进行时用法小结一般现在时常用于以下情况：1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等表时间的状语连用。如：he usually wakes up at 7:00 am. the store often stays open until late on sunday.2. 表示主语现在的状态、特征、感受或观点。如：she works for an engineering company.she admits to being strict with her children.3. 表示按规定、计划、安排发生的动作，通常有一个表示未来时间的状语，这类动词主要有go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等。如：the train leaves at six tomorrow morning.when does the bus start? it starts in ten minutes.4. 表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。如：light travels faster than sound.the earth goes around the sun.现在进行时常用于以下情况：1. 表示现在（即说话人说话时）正在进行的动作，常与now, at present, at the moment, these days等时间状语连用。如：where are you living now? they are travelling in france these days. 2. 用于表示不断发展、变化的情形。如：the cat is growing bigger and bigger.its becoming warmer.3. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定正在进行。如：cindy is teaching english in middle school.my sister is writing a paper about british education. 4. 表示经常性的动作，常与always, constantly, forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦、批评或赞美等情绪。如：he is always saying the same thing.fashion is constantly changing.5. 表示按计划或安排不久就要发生的动作，这时常有一个表示未来时间的状语。如：mr. smith is leaving for shanghai in a few days.tom is picking me up at seven oclock tonight. 【拓展】一般现在时与现在进行时的区别：* 一般现在时表示“长久性”、“习惯性”；现在进行时表示“短暂性”。如：she works in the company. （长期工作）she is working in the company. （短期工作）* 用事物作主语时，多用一般现在时表示按时间安排的活动。用人作主语时，多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事。如：the lecture begins at 19:00.the professor is writing a book soon.【即学即练】用括号内单词的正确形式填空。a1.phoenix _ (come) to work by bus every day.2.the teacher is busy. she often _ (sleep) late at night.3.listen! he _ (sing) softly to the baby.healways_(sing)that song.4.he _ (wait) for me to make a decision right now.5.vicky _ (be) interested in chemistry and _ (know)how to carry out chemical experiments.b the distance at which two people stand when having a conversation 1. _ (be) different from culture to culture. studies have shown that most americans feel uncomfortable if they stand too close to others while they 2. _ (talk). they feel most comfortable at a distance of about 50 centimetres. many americans find silence uncomfortable. they will talk continually to fill any pause in a conversation even if it 3. _ (last) only for a moment. if you are silent for long periods of time, they will do their best to include you in their conversation. however, if they disagree with what you 4. _ (say), they remain quiet. it only 5. _ (mean) that they consider it impolite to argue further.答案【即学即练】a. 1. comes 2. sleeps 3. is singing; sings4. is waiting 5. is; knowsb. 1. is 2. are talking 3. lasts 4. are saying / have said 5. means将来的表达法【归纳】1. will / shall +动词原形表示将来要发生的动作或将来存在的状态。如：ill tell you everything next time.you will be all right soon.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如：flowers will die without water. every saturday they will play football together.表示说话人说话时将要做的事情。如： the doctor will be with you in a few minutes.2. be going to +动词原形表示主观上打算要进行的动作。如：why are you putting on those old clothes?im going to paint the kitchen.表示有迹象表明将要发生的事。如：look at the black cloud. its going to rain.3. be +不定式表示预先安排好的计划。如：you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.表示按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事。如：you are to finish the work by noon.4. be about to +动词原形 表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，马上就要”，不能加时间状语。如： mr. curry, im about to get angry; youd better not say another word.【注意】一般现在时和现在进行时也可表示将来，具体内容请参考上期。【即学即练】i. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。1. the plane from beijing _ (is about to arrive, is going to arrive) at 3:00 p.m. this afternoon.2. did you tell julia about the result? oh, no, i forgot. i _ (will call, am to call) her now. 3. i _ (am to see, am about to see) him today at six oclock.4. holidays over. the new school year _ (is about to, is to) begin. ii. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。henry: where are you going, jane?jane: i 1. _ (go) to the hospital to see susan green. must i catch a number 7 bus to get there?henry: no, you neednt. a number 13 bus 2. _ (take) you to the hospital, too. yesterday, i had to wait for the number 7 bus for half an hour at the bus station.jane: thank you, henry. i 3. _ (get) a number 13.henry: but number 13 b