高中英语被动语态讲解及练习.doc

高中英语被动语态精讲一、被动语态的基本时态变化 be过去分词，be随时态的变化而变化。以动词do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here4） was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there. 5）has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.6） had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.7） shall/will be done be going to be done 一般将来时 be about to be done be to be to doneHundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ 过去将来时waswere about to be done/ waswere to be to done The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July.10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.二、被动语态的五种特殊结构1) 情态动词结构： The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 双宾结构：（通常改间接宾语） His mother gave him a present for his birthday. （主动态） He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （被动态）3) 动宾+宾补结构（将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动） Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4） 使役动词（have, make, get）感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe） 等后跟不定式作宾补结构，主动态时不定式to要省略，但变为被动态时，要增加“to” Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. （walk前省to）A stranger was seen to walk into the building. （walk前增to）5). 非谓语动词结构 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。 I dont like being laughed at in the public.三、主动表被动：1. break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等 This kind of cloth washes well.（主动态表被动强调的是主语的特征）而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked（指将不会有人锁门, 指“门没锁”是人的原因）2. happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等表示发生动词 How do the newspapers come out? 3. feel, sound, taste, look, feel等感官动词Your reason sounds reasonable.4need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， The house needs repairing（to be repaired）5worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is very worthy to be read6. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)7. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.8 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.9. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）10. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for starting the fire?四、其他句型表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth”。It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.五、in, on, under等介词+名词-构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。 The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。 The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。His honest character is above all praiseHis honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。He took two days off within the teachers permission六、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例The door is locked （系表结构）The door has already/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态与完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired【强化训练一】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developedB. have developed C.are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told BIve toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _ A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching【强化训练二】1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is getting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken out C . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name calls C . The child callsD . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun of B was made funC. was being made fun of D. was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong C . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_at once. A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print 13.The story_in ChinA . A . was taken placeB . was happenedC . took placeD . has been taken place 14.The house_my parents A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A . happened to seeB . was happened to see C . happened to be seenD . was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, have been set up B . have taken place, have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up 17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps. A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full 18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A . had already taken offB . already took off C . was already taking offD . was already taken off 20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_. A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now 21. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A . are not kept；will have toB . are not kept；have C . do not keep；will have toD . do not keep；have to 22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A . developedB . have developed C . are being developedD . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD . I told 24. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is completed 25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe earth in the near future. A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut 26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A . has been designedB . had been designed C . was designedD . would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken 28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up 29. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A . had costedB . costedC . is costedD . cost 30. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A . is being builtB . has been builtC . is builtD . is building 31.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 32. It is