The Look Younger Diet.doc

The Look Younger DietIs the Fountain of Youth a myth? Not entirely, many experts in nutrition now believe, Age fast, or age slowits up to you. declares Dr. Kenneth Cooper, president and founder of the Aerobics Center in Dallas. Jeffrey Blumberg, associate director of the U. S. Department of Agricultures Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston, agrees, Research shows that many so-called age-related declines in physiological function seem to have less to do with aging than with environmental factors like diet and exercise. Obesity (过度肥胖 ) is one of the leading causes of accelerated aging, according to Cooper, If you lose weight, stop smoking, and exercise, he says, you can slow the aging processand make dramatic changes in your looks in a relatively short period of time. A 37-year-old sales director for a Boston computer-distribution company is a prime example. Over six feet tall, he had been considerably overweight most of his like. Then he began to worry that his appearance could be hurting his career. I got tired of people thinking I was the same age as my brother, whos nearly nine years older, he says, When youre fat, people in the business world assume youre out of control. Determined to change, the sales director entered a hospital-based diet program and dropped over 70 pounds. I feeland lookten years younger. he says.At 82, Clarice R. Mc Williams, a retired business owner in Dallas, has the appearance, skin tone (肤色) and mental agility of someone many years younger. Most people think Im in my 60s. she boasts.Mc Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks, but believes diet is an important factor. It doesnt matter how good the genes are if you dont eat properly and take care of yourself, she says. If you want to look good, get plenty of rest, exercise every day, eat mostly raw fruits and vegetablesand quit worrying. Says Blumberg, Theres certainly a link between good nutrition, a positive 30 attitude and improved quality of life. People can have a say in whats going on with their bodies by selecting a healthful diet. Skin. Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates, the skin stretches with each up cycle, but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result, the skin may sag(松弛下垂).A severely deficient diet can lead to skin disorders, dramatically affecting ones appearance. By the same token, a well-balanced diet with ample supplies of nutrients is thought by many experts to produce a glowing, younger look.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal, healthy skin. Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple, preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells. Good sources of zinc are beef, eggs and seafood, while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. Other foods containing ample amounts of beta carotene include carrots, cantaloupe, winter squash, sweet potatoes, sweet red peppers, apricots and mangoes.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen(胶原) , the fibrous protein that lies beneath the skins surface and gives it a smooth appearance. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, snow peas, red and green peppers, broccoli, white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon, honeydew melon and cantaloupe.Greens are excellent sources of skin-preserving nutrients and, generally, the darker the leaves, the more nutritious. Romaine lettuce, for example has about six times as much vitamin C and eight times as much beta carotene as iceberg lettuce.How food is prepared matters too. The longer vegetables cook, the greater the loss of vitamins and texture. Dont soak vegetables when washing them, since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost. Blumberg also recommends drinking six to eight glasses of water or other fluids each day to help keep skin and other tissues hydrated. Thats especially important for older people, he says, who are at risk for dehydration because their thirst drive becomes blunted with age. Coffee, colas and tea arent the best sources, since they contain caffeine, a diuretic that induces water loss.Hair. Healthy, shining hair is second only to vibrant skin for making one look younger. Yet many people unwittingly mistreat their hair by eating an unbalanced diet.When a 33-year-old employee at a Texas corporation decided to lose weight quickly, she went on a fad diet, high in fiber and bulk, but low in protein. Over three months, she lost a lot of weight. She also lost a good deal of her hair.Dermatologist (皮肤病学家) David Alkek, a clinical professor at the University of Texas Southwest Medical Center at Dallas, sees too many cases like this womans. When diets dont contain enough amino acids, the building blocks of protein, theres dramatic increase in hair loss as the body breaks down its own protein.Hair and skin cells are constantly reproducing and are, therefore, very sensitive to nutritional deficiencies, explains Dr. Alkek. Foods high in amino acids include meats, eggs, milk, grains and legumes. Just remember that the body cannot store protein. So foods high in protein must be ingested daily. Under Alkeks care, the woman began eating nutritionally balanced meals, and her hair was restored in about eight months.Immune system. Vitamins E and C and beta carotene, known as antioxidants (抗氧化剂 ) , are considered powerful disease-fighters, capable of slowing down or preventing a number of ailments typically associated with aging.A growing body of evidence suggests that aging and decline in immune function may result in part from accumulated damage to cells caused by certain toxic compounds called free radicals (自由基). Antioxidants seem to counteract or impair the ability of these substances to attack healthy cells, thus avoiding at least some of the damage. Foods containing these nutrients are being linkedby science rather than mythto the control and prevention of heart disease and cancer, stroke, cataracts and to the bodys ability to ward off infectious diseases. Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy, youthful appearance. And the key to good general nutrition is balance. Proteins should make up roughly ten percent of your daily calorie intake; no more than 30 percent should come from fats; and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates.1. The passage primarily tells us how to lose weight so as to improve ones appearance.2. Dark-green leafy vegetables are good sources of beta carotene.3. When one gains weight, the skin becomes loose.4. It is particularly important for the old to drink 6 to 8 glasses of water to help keep skin and other tissues hydrated.5. Food low in protein is harmful to hair. 6. Free radicals play an important role in immune function.7. In order to look younger, one should cut back on fats.8. Amino acids are the building blocks of_.9. Genes are_than diet in determining ones looks.10. The body changes_into vitamin A.I. N 2. Y 3. N 4. Y 5. Y 6. N 7. NG 8. protein 9. less important 10. beta caroteneSophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She made me feel uneasy most of the time. She smoked _11_ and never used an ashtray. She followed me into the kitchen while I made tea or coffee or supper and_ 12_ herself to the childrens orange juice. She made a great hit with my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would _13_ about her for hours and refer to her lovingly as sofa, and she was always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.I could not decide why she chose my _14_ , although I realized that nobody else paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult in that she was _15_ out of drama school and only nineteen, but being _16_ to play a leading part in a company of fairly _17_ and experienced actors. They would not have liked her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts, she was not good so they took every _18_ to run her down. I think she thought that I was the only person around who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably _19 _. To associate with me was not, at any rate, to step down the scale. And for my part, although I felt troubled by her I did not dislike her. There was something genuinely outstanding in her personality, and she had such physical _20_ that with me she could get away with anything. She was nice to have around, like flowers or a bowl of fruit.A. helped B. smart B. constantly D. treatedE. required F. supreme G. hang H. charmI. continually J. company K. opportunity L. distinguishedM. straight N. partner O. disappointedAs we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place off the job in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place on the job, by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check oh savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.21. To be successful in our training programmes, we must understand the difference between_.A. a job description and a job specificationB. what is taught and how it is taughtC. learning about skills and training in using themD. the savings in time and the savings in cost22. The success of a training programme depends on_.A. the places where the training takes placeB. the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the programmeC. the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the programmeD. the training methods and the quality of the training staff23. A training specification specifies_.A. the performance required for a certain jobB. the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employeeC. the training contents and methodsD. the costs and savings of the programme24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessary.B. A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specification. C. Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same place.D. It is easier to evaluate management training than to evaluate the training of workers and technicians.25. The best title for this passage might be_.A. A Successful Training ProgrammeB. How to Describe and Specify a JobC. Staff Training D. The Importance of Training Workers and TechniciansWithout most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market which are capable of doing the work which used to be done by much larger and more expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors, or WPs as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of routine work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a managers point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing routine jobs automatically outside office hours.But is it all good? If a lot of routine secretarial work can be done automatically , surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units. The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.Whatever the arguments for or against word processors, they are a key feature of this revolution in office practice. 26. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_.A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computersB. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do todayC. these computers did not come onto the marketD. these companies did not need to use this new technology27. According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is_.A. the saving of time and money B. the use of computers in small companiesC. the wide use of word processors D. the decreasing number of secretaries28. It is implied but NOT directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _.A. some secretaries will lose their jobsB. routine jobs can be done automatically outside office hoursC. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increasedD. using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses29. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.D. Using world processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.30. It can concluded from the passage that_.A. safety screens are of poor quality B. working at a VDU for a long time is good for ones healthC. more and more British offices will use word processorsD. British companies will need fewer and fewer managersII. I 12. A 13. G 14. J 15. M 16. E 17. L 18. K 19. B 20. H 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. CImmigrants AllA visitor to Liberty Island in New York Harbor would see one of the most important national monuments in the United States. Rising three hundred five feet above the island stands the Statue of Liberty, which since its formal unveiling (揭幕) on October 28, 1886, has served constantly to remind Americans of the long-lasting friendship that has existed between the United States and France. As immigrants to the United States pass the statue with its enormous torch pointing skyward, they may notice the broken chain at the statues feet, symbolizing the people of a nation bursting the bonds in their mighty struggle for a free form of government and the ensuing liberties.To the forty-one million immigrants who have arrived upon our shores during the past one hundred forty years, these lines indicated that the poor, hungry, and persecuted could find freedom and opportunity in the New World. They arrived in such large numbers that by the end of the nineteenth century some Americans had doubts concerning the policy of admitting unlimited numbers of immigrants. By 1921, this viewpoint was widely accepted. During the 1930s we discovered that emigration from this nation was at times larger than immigration to this nation. The history of these significant developments divides itself into the three clearly defined periods. Period of Early ImmigrationThe period from 1790 to 1861 is considered as the period of early immigration. In 1790, one year after the new government was organized, the population of the United States was approximately 4,000,000. Of that number more than seventy-five per cent were descendants of immigrants who had sailed westward from England and northern Ireland. By 1810 there were probably 5,000 to 6,000 immigrants per year. At about 1820 the rate began to increase. By 1840 the new arrivals numbered more than 80,000 yearly. The number continued to increase until, in 1854, it reached a total of 428,000. Although many of these continued to come from Great Britain, the largest numbers were of German and Irish origin. A trickle was now apparent from Italy, Austria-Hungary , and the nations of Scandinavia. The Period of the Later ImmigrationThe years intervening between 1861 and 1