连词情景交际专题整理.doc

专题七：连词一常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since ，as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if= even though（即使）。however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever=no matter +疑问词(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。二常见连词and, but, so, orand 、but、 so与or（我们可以用连词来连接两个意思联系紧密的句子，也可以连接两个相同的成分。） 1、and的用法： （1）and是“和，还，而且”的意思，用于连接形容词、副词、名词或句子。 Eg：Ive got a red and blue shirt.我有一件红蓝相间的衬衫。（连接两个形容词） Please do your homework slowly and carefully. 请慢慢，仔细地做你的家庭作业（连接两个副词） Bob and Janet danced.鲍勃和珍妮特跳了舞。（连接两个名词） I met John and we talked for a while.我遇到了约翰，还聊了一会儿。（连接两个句子） （2）当and用于连接两个句子或短语时，我们可以省略重复的部分。 Eg：He is sitting there and (he is) watching TV.他正坐在那里看电视。 I need to go to the post office and (to) the library.我要去邮局和图书馆。 （3）在连接两个单词或简短的句子时，and前不用加逗号。 Eg：I bought a hat and a scarf.我买了一顶帽子和一条围巾。 （4）如果and连接的内容超过两个，则需要使用逗号，但and前不适用逗号。 Eg：I bought a hat, a scarf and a coat.我买了一顶帽子，一条围巾和一件外套。 （5）忘记使用and是一个常见的错误。 Eg：He brought chicken wings, hot dogs to the barbecue.(错误) He brought chicken wings and hot dogs to the barbecue.（正确）2、or 或者，否则，表示选择。如: Get up early, or youll be late。 Which do you prefer, this one or that one? (当or 表示“和”时，用于否定句或疑问句中；而and 用于肯定句中 ) 3、but的用法： （1）but 意为但是，可是。用于连接前后内容不同或相反的句子，表示转折的含义。 Eg：Joan can sing but she cant dance.琼会唱歌，但不会跳舞。（肯定+but+否定） Our flat is new but very small.我们的公寓很新，但很小。（好+but+坏） （2）我们还可以用but来比较句子的主语。和and一样，使用but时，也要避免重复相同的部分。 Eg：Sally likes swimming but Doris doesnt( like swimming).萨利喜欢游泳，但多利不喜欢。 （3）有时候，我们也可以把否定的部分置于but的前面。 Eg：Martin isnt happy but I am.马丁不开心，但我很开心。 4、so的用法：意为因此，所以，表达的是结果。so不能放在句首。原因结果It rained heavily，雨下地很大，I enjoy drawing, 我喜欢画画，so we stayed at home.所以我们呆在家里。so I am in the Art Club.所以我参加艺术社。 Because意为因为，由于，表达原因。在一个句子不能同时出现because和so。 Eg：He was hungry, so he ate a lot.他饿了，所以吃了很多东西。专项练习：用连词and， but，和so填空。My brother is ill, _ I have to stay at home.He has a lot of money, _ he spends little.Take some medicine, _ you will feel better.I came to see him, _ he wasnt at home.Work hard, _ you will pass the English exam. 单项填空1. They are good at swimming, _ I am not.A. and B. but C. so D. or2. The old woman cant read _ write. A. and B. or C. but D. and can3. _ John felt tired, _ he still went on working.A. Because; so B. Although; but C. /; so D. /; but4. He is rich, _ he isnt happy.A. but B. and C. or D. so5. Lucy has seen the film, _ Lily hasnt.A. and B. or C. but D. so6. Would you like to go to the cinema with me?- Id like to, _ I m afraid I have no time.A. so B. or C. and D. but 7. Jenny, put on your coat _ you will catch a cold.A. but B. and C. or D. so8. Last night I went to bed late, _ I am really tired now.A. so B. or C. but D. because三语法附加：常用连词的用法辨析 （1） while, when, as都可引导时间状语从句 三者均可译为“在时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生(when后面接短暂性动作)；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；while还能引导两句都是进行时（while后面接延续性动作）。as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning.Youd better turn off the water while you brush your teeth.She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱歌。注： While还可以表示对比，而，却 We were leaving school when it began to rain. He likes coffee, while she likes tea.（2）as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going? -Because I dont want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for：是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后，且可与 because 换用)；有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后，但不能与because 换用)。比较：The ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天早上地面是湿的。 (此句不能用 because 代 for)（3）if, whether“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。在ask，wonder，not know, want to know，not be sure等后常用whether或if从句。在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引导主语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown.2) 引导表语从句时。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.4）与or not 连用.He doesnt know whether he should leave or not.5)在介词后。Im thinking about whether I will go there.（4）sothat, such.that sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.=_.so(adj.)thatcant = too(adj.)to+(do) “太以至（不能）”He is so old that he cant work.=He is too old to work.他太老了，不能工作。so形容词a/an可数名词的单数that从句；somany/much/few/little名词that从句；sucha/an形容词可数名词单数that从句；such形容词不可数名词/可数名词复数that从句。用so, such, such a/an填空。1Hangzhou is（ ） beautiful a city that lots of visitors come here every year.2She is （ ）good girl that we all like her.3There are（ ） many students on the playground.（5）eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词邻近原则。例如：a. Either you or he _ ( be ) wrong.b. Neither he nor his children_(like) fish.c. Not only the students but also the teacher _（want ）to buy the book.（6）表示转折关系。but但是 yet然而 while然而although, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（7）because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。（8）表示选择关系or或者；否则 not.but.不是而是 either.or.或者或者连词专项练习：1. _ he studies hard, he will never pass the examination. A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. Even though2Peter likes reading a newspaper _ he is having breakfast.Auntil Bwhile Cbecause Dthough3Jenny, put on your coat _ you will catch a cold. Abut Band Cor Dso4May I go to the concert with you? Im afraid not _ you have a ticket, because I have only one.Asince Bif Cunless Dthough5The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her. Aso that Bbecause Csince Dwhen6Bob is young, _ he knows a lot. Abecause B so Cbut Dunless7What do you think of this skirt? Its beautiful and it fits me well, _ I like it very much. Asince Bso Cbut8Jane, please turn off the lights _ you leave the classroom.Aafter Bbefore Cuntil Dbut9Stop smoking, _ you will get better soon. Aand Bor Cbut Dafter10_ its difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives up. AThough BUnless CBecause DIf11You have to leave now _ you can catch the early bus. Aso that Bas soon as Cbecause Dif12Usually, we dont know how important something is _ we lose it. Aor Buntil Cas soon as13I need one more student to help me to carry the book. Please ask _ Lucy _Lily to come. Aneither; nor Bnot only; but also Cboth; and Deither; or14I cant believe _ a little girl can write _ many books. Aso; so Bsuch; such Cso; such Dsuch; so15I heard that Linda moved to London and found a new job there. Yes. She works there _ she can see her parents more often. Auntil Bas soon as Cso that Dwhen16I would go with him _ I were here.You mean you would go with him no matter _ he agrees or not? Aif; if Bif; whether Cwhether; if Dwhether; whether17Help others whenever you can, _ youll make the world a nicer place. Aand Bor Cunless Dbut18_ hamburgers are junk food, many children like them. AIf BUnless CBecause DAlthough19_ Switzerland is very small, _ it is the land of watch and it is very rich. AThough; but BBecause; so CBecause; / DThough; /20. I dont like bread. I wont eat it _ I am very hungry. Aif Bwhen Cas Dunless21._ Tom _ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well. ANeither; nor BNot only; but also CBoth; and DEither; or情景交际练习题：( )1. Nice to meet you, Miss Green. A. Very well. B. Thank you. C. Nice to see you, too. D. How are you?( )2. When you want to introduce Mary to others, you should say “_”A. This is Mary. B. She is Mary C. Mary is. D. Its Mary. ( )3.Your English is quite good. _ A. No, my English is still poor.B. I dont think so. C. Do you really think so? D. Thank you.（ ）4. Im glad to see you. _.A. Thank you B. So am I C. See you later D. Thats all right （ ）5. How are you? Fine. Thank you. And you? _A. Fine. B. Fine. And you?C. Thank you. D. How are you?（ ）6. Hi, Mike. We havent seen each other for a long time. _.A. Good luck B. Thats great C. Nice to see you again D. Best wishes to you（ ）7. How do you do, Kate? _A. How are you?B. How do you do? C. How nice to see you. D. Im OK.（ ）8. Jack. Id like you to meet my mother, Mrs. Brown. Hello, Mrs. Brown, _ Hello, Jack, pleased to meet you, too.A. how do you do! B. are you OK?C. very pleased to meet you. D. the same to you.（ ）9. Hello, Im Lily .Were in the same class. _A. Yes, we are. B. Glad to meet you.C. Im sorry, but l dont know you. D. Hello, may l introduce myself?（ ）10. Id like you to meet my new friend, Jim. _A. Hello, there. B. How do you do, Jim? C. Nice to see, Jim. D. How are you, Jim?（ ）11.Gould I have your name please, sir? _.A. Oh, no B. Youre polite C. Call me Mary D. Its kind of you（ ）12.Lucy, _.Glad to meet you . Jack Wilson.A. thats my friend, Jack Wilson B. this is Jack WilsonC. he is Jack Wilson D. introduce Jack Wilson to you（ ）13. Thank you for having us. We had a very good time today. _. Bye! A. No, thank you B. Im afraid not C. You shouldnt s