选修8第一单元学案.doc

选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity 教材内容分析教材分析本单元以“地域文化”为主题, 旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解有关美国地理方面的知识；学习加利福尼亚州的简介，使学生对美国的文明史略见一斑；通过阅读名人传记，研究美国的民族文化，使学生对美国有全方位的认识，；学会运用名词性从句等语法知识，并通过相关练习，提高学生的语言运用能力；通过阅读一篇图文并茂的美国游记，学会书写电子邮件或明信片，介绍某一名胜古迹和人文景观。 教学内容分析Warming Up要求学生查阅美国地图，讨论有关美国地理方面的知识，为下一步的学习做好热身准备。 Pre-reading要求学生讨论加利福尼亚州的几张图片，了解当地风土人情、民俗文化。Reading主要介绍了加利福尼亚州人口及民族、种族构成、融合、变迁的历史。通过学习，使学生了解加州不仅是美国人口最多的州，同时也是民族、种族最多、文化最为多元的州。Comprehending要求学生在理解课文的基础上，写出发生在加州的重大历史事件，并分析讨论新世纪加州为什么会成为多种文化交织的共同体的原因。 Learning about Language由Discovering useful words and expressions 和Discovering useful structures两部分组成。Using Language由Reading and writing, Listening and speaking组成，通过对学生听说读写综合能力培养，要求学生在了解相关知识的基础上，阅读并改写部分游记。三维目标知识目标1. 掌握本单元教学目的和要求中的单词和词汇。如applicant customs socialist occur cattle indicate luggage shave tram apparent apparently brake conductor2. 通过对世界各地的名胜古迹、风土人情的研究与学习，丰富学生的世界地域文化知识，开扩视野。3. 复习名词性从句的用法能力目标：使学生了解美国的概况情感目标：培养他们热爱祖国、热爱大自然、的高尚情操。教学重点：更多了解西方历史地理文化背景教学难点：名词性从句教学方法：任务型教学法 合作学习 Period 1 warming-up, pre-reading, reading and comprehendingTeaching goals 1. Target language strait, means, slavery, Spain, majority, Catholic, Mexico, immigration, percentage, Denmark, Danish, aircraft, Korea, Korean, Pakistan, Pakistani, mix, mixture, nationality, racial, the Bering, by means of, the Pacific Islands, make a life2. Ability goalsEnable the students to talk about the history of California.Teaching important points Enable the students learn how to talk about the important events in Californian history.Teaching difficult points Enable the students to explain the reasons why California is such a multicultural community in the 21st century.Teaching methods Skimming, scanning and discussion.Teaching aids A recorder, a computer, a projector and some pictures.Teaching procedures Step1. Preparing lessons &self-study and exploring the problemsTask1. Fill in the blankets according to the map.1.Ocean on the east coast _ 2.Ocean on the west cost _ 3.Country to the north of USA _ 4.Country to the south of USA _ 5.Mountains range in the west _ (answers:1. Atlantic Ocean;2. Pacific Ocean;3. Canada;4. Mexico;5. Rocky Mountains)Step2.Finishing plan & asking questionsTaks2. Read the short passages at Page 1-3 and choose one from A,B,C and D for each exercise in the following.1. The main idea of this passage is _.A. the life of Californians B. the population of CaliforniaC. the land of California D.the history of California2.How did the first settlers come to California?_A. They flied to California over the Pacific OceanB.They sailed southward through the Indian OceanC.They got to America crossing the Bering Strait in the Arctic by means of a land bridgeD. They sailed to the west in the Spanish ships3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? _A. Most people did not become rich but settled in CaliforniaB. Most people died in the gold rushC. The first to arrive in California for gold were AsiansD. All the people became rich in the gold rush4.Where do Chinese-Americans live ? _A. They live in all parts of California B. They only live in the Chinatowns of Los AngelesC. They only live in San Francisco D. They live in California as well as in Los Angeles5.What about the future of California?_A. The racial culture will go on B. Its climate and lifestyle will change a lot C. More and more people will come to California only for gold D. More travelers will be attracted to California for the climate and the lifestyle(Answers:1-5. DCAAD)Step3.Researching cooperatively& answering questionsTask3.Skimming: answer the following questions:1.Who were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold?2.When and why did the large number of Chinese immigrate to California?3.What attracted people from different parts of the world to immigrate to California?Suggested answers:1.South Americans and people from the United States.2.During the gold rush period, many Chinese immigrated to California to achieve their dream of becoming rich, and in the 1860s, a large number of Chinese went there to build the railway from the west to east coast.3.The temperate climate, the modern lifestyle and its diverse cultures attracted immigrates to California.Step4.Summing &chewing, summarizing knowledgeTask4. Get the students to find the following sentences in the passage and learn the usages of them.1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在15 000年前就在加州生活着。本句式中 it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that从句。It is likely that. 是可能的。此句型可转化为：Sb./Sth. be likely to do. 某人/物可能干某事。（2010陕西）Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (A)A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure 2Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。3That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。4Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。5It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们相信过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。本句用的句型是 It is believed thatclause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 thatclause。类似的结构还有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthatclause.此句型可转化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthatclause.(2)Sb./Sth. be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do.The lake by the village is believed _ a number of victims in the past 3 years.Ato claim Bto have claimedCclaiming Dbeing claiming【答案】B【解析】句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命”。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟 ving形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。Step5.Testing in class & improving skillsTask5. Ask the Ss to finish the comprehensive exercises (1-3) in the book Answer key for exercise 1 on page 3:Ex1. 15,000 years ago: First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are now known as Native Americans.16th century: Spanish soldiers arrived in South America.1821: California became part of Mexico.1846: The US declared war on Mexico.1848: Gold was discovered in California.1850: California became the 31 st state of the US.Ex 2. Spanish: in the early 16th centuryRussians: early 1800sAfricans: 1800sChinese: late 1840s/early 1850sHalians: in the late 19th centuryDanish: 1911Jewish: 1920sJapanese: beginning of the 20th centuryKoreans: from about the 1970sCambodians: from about the 1970sVietnamese: in more recent decadesPakistanis: from about the 1970sEx 3 :The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian peoples have been moving into the state for the last 200 years. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavour. Problems that might arise include intercultural rivalry or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.Step6. Assessment & HomeworkTask1.Ask the students to finish Exs 1-3 at Page 3.Task2. Get the students to underline all the new words and phrases in the passage.Period 2 GrammarTeaching goals 1. The Noun Clauses, 2. Enable the students to identify the different types of the Noun Clauses and learn to use them. 3. Help the students learn how to use the Noun Clauses.Teaching important points Enable the students to use the Noun Clauses. Teaching difficult points Enable the students to distinguish different types of noun clauses.Teaching methods Comparing and practice.Teaching aids A projector, a computer and a blackboard.Teaching procedures Step Revision Check the homework.Step 2 grammar learning 【概念与分类】在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句的用法一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注:if不可用来引导主语从句）二. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识(2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 t is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词从句It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:判断:It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window二、宾语从句的用法：句子结构：主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句连接词:从属连词that, whether, if 连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 where, how, why, when当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 Jane said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city 注意: 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下： A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如: It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：We didnt know whether or not he was ready. 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下： A) 引导宾语从句。如： I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not. B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong.三、表语从句的用法在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。Thats what we should do. 1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句： My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up late. 3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill.注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. Step 3 Exercises 1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. 【2012陕西卷】A whatever B. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】A. why B. how C. that D. whether3It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 2012湖南高考A. why B. how C. whether D. when5. Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重庆卷】A. why B. how C. whether D. that6.It is none of your business_other people think about you . Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when7. _is no possibility_Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 8. _that the two countries are going to have a talk . A. It reports B. It is reported C. It is reporting D. What is reported 9. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 10.I want to know _the thief was caught on the spot. A. which B. that C. what D. whether11. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how Task 2. Homework: Finish off Exercise 1 on P49.Keys:B B D C D B A B AD B BPeriod 3 Using LanguageTeaching aims1. Get students to learn some useful new words and expressions in this part2. Get students to read the passages.3.Develop students reading skills by extensive reading and enable them to learn how to use different reading skills to read different reading materials.Teaching emphasis1. Develop students reading skills by extensive reading.2. Let students read and understand the two passages: showing our feelings and the Open hand-a universal sign.Teaching difficultiesEnable stude