2008夏季工程硕士英语考试命题.doc

I. Vocabulary (Unit 7)1. Downsizing the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and prices high creates feelings of _ for many.A. instabilityB. inadequacyC. involvementD. insecurity2. “Mans ingenuity has _ his intelligence,” stated Joseph Wood Krutch.A. outlinedB. outrunC. outcomeD. outworked3. Because the news came from a reliable _, no one at the press conference raised a question about the genuineness of the matter.A. sourceB. causeC. resourceD. revealing4. Diseases of _ are predicted to become more prevalent as starvation and diseases of poverty decline, and as longevity increases.A. abundanceB. refluenceC. affluenceD. confluence5. A money market “strike” against investment banks is regarded by the Federal Reserve (美联储) as the _ of a run on deposits in a commercial bank.A. equilibriumB. equivalentC. embraceD. equality6. The summit is likely to call for cleaner technology and cuts in _ farming to reduce fertilizers and pesticides.A. enlargedB. extensiveC. intensiveD. exclusive7. One reason for U.S. leadership in public relations to be threatened is that Americans _ their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language.A. go ahead ofB. tap overC. lag behindD. pass by8. Having a big family to support, that professor has to _ his ordinary income by writing books.A. supplementB. compensate forC. implementD. complement9. Being a young executive moving _ fast, that yuppie has a promise of becoming an entrepreneur in a few years.A. inward B. downward C. onwardD. upward10. With internet today, we dont have to waste a lot of energy and _ time to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities we need. A. previousB. preciousC. crucialD. critical11. Obama chose Virginia as the starting point of his general election campaign, sending a clear signal that he plans to _ a state that past Democratic presidential candidates largely ignored.A. compete withB. compete againstC. compete inD. compete for12. The runner _ the same pace throughout the race. A. sustainedB. restrainedC. containedD. retained13. People in that area are leading a meager life because of the _ of some basic resources.A. abundanceB. rarityC. absenceD. scarcity14. Firewood scarcity offers the most _ and dramatic example of deforestations effects.A. addressedB. visibleC. visitedD. advocated15. In computer science, the developed capability of a device is to perform functions that are normally associated with human _, such as reasoning, learning, and self improvement.A. wisdomB. intelligenceC. intellectionD. potentiality16. His constant attempts to _ his colleagues achievements eventually caused his dismissal. A. extinguishB. decreaseC. destroyD. diminish17. You learn it when you know that your evolution is never-ending and your _ for growth reaches to infinity.A. potentialB. feasibilityC. probabilityD. promise18. It can be safely _ that he is guilty of the murder.A. insertedB. assertedC. resortedD. deserved19. The most vital reason for those immoral behaviors is that people who are juggling their life put highest _ on their own interests, indifferent to other peoples benefits.A. superiorityB. priorityC. concentrationD. preference20. You really believe that getting drunk can _ pain? A. disappearB. forgetC. eliminateD. destroyII. Reading Comprehension (3 passages)Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage.United States customs law defines an antique as an object that is more than 100 years old. It is understood, however, that an object must be more than just 20 years old in order to be called an antique. Properly, an antique must also be distinguished by some degree of aesthetic or historic merit. An antique is usually both beautiful and decorative. It may also have additional interest and value because of its relationship to a historical period or to some well-known person. George Washingtons teapot and dining room chairs, for example, are more valuable as antiques than those that belonged to most other 18th century Americans.Antiques of all kinds are highly valued for their intrinsic beauty, craftsmanship and quality of design. They may be made of rare materials such as gold or silver, but they may also be made of ordinary materials such as wood or paper. Most antiques are things that were originally used as household furnishings. These include furniture, silver, glass, ceramics (陶瓷制品), rugs, embroideries, and various kinds of metal ware. In museums these objects represent the decorative arts. They are studied and exhibited in ways that are different from the ways in which the fine arts (paintings, prints and sculpture, for example) are studied and presented.Antiques are studied by cultural and social historians, who see them as direct clues to a peoples way of life. Such scholars are less concerned with the beauty of a piece than with its typicality, craftsmanship and role in the economic and social life of its owners. Washingtons teapot and dining room chairs are studied as examples of 18th century pottery and furniture-making. They are also studied for their roles in daily life at Washingtons home, Mount Vernon. Such material culture studies have benefited private collectors greatly because the results have enhanced the associative or relic value of certain objects.1. Washingtons teapot is more valuable as an antique because _.A. it belonged to the 18th century AmericaB. it had aesthetic and practical value.C. Washington was a great personD. it played a big role in Washingtons life2. In practice, which of the following is the most important feature that makes an object an antique?A. It has to be 100 years old.B. It has to be at least 20 years old.C. It has to be beautiful and decorative.D. It has to have aesthetic or historic value.3.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The rarer material an antique is made of, the more valuable it is.B. Most antiques belong to the decorative arts.C. An antique may be valuable because of its design.D. Household furnishings are most likely to become antiques.4.A social historian is more concerned with an antiques _.A. decorative valueB. practical valueC. aesthetic valueD. intrinsic beauty5. To a cultural and social scholar, Washingtons teapot is valuable because _.A. a great man like Washington could afford expensive teapotB. it is beautiful and much studied by private collectorsC. it tells people something about how Washington livedD. it is typical of pottery making in Washingtons timePassage 2Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivation, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person questions, self-disclosures and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. disclosures and truthful statements).1. The word “pinpoint” (Line 3, Para. 1) basically means “_”.A. appreciateB. secureC. interpretD. identify2. The first paragraph tells us _.A. people are better described in cold, objective termsB. one is usually subjective when assessing other peoples personalityC. one should not judge people by their appearancesD. the difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated3. It can be inferred from Bergers suggestions that _.A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyC. the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsD. face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about another person4.In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the authors opinion, are _.A. personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB. barriers that should be done away withC. as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD. things people should guard against5. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.A. to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB. to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peopleC. to call the readers attention to the negative side of peoples charactersD. to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleIII. 汉译英在当今这个复杂多变的社会里，从前获取信息的简单方法变得复杂了。以前生活中的许多问题都是靠征求家庭成员、朋友或同事的意见来解决的，但现在这些问题已经不是一大家子人能解决的了。去哪里征求专家的意见，如何决定采取哪个专家的意见，这是当今许多人面临的问题。Reference Translation:In such a changing, complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.Unit 12Vocabulary:1. Who _ the phrase “A friend in need is a friend indeed”?A. manufactured B. copiedC. coincided D. coined 2. The _ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A. forcible B. supremeC. valuable D. crucial 3. The picture will _ to you some idea of the beauty of the scenery.A. convey B. convene C. conformD. comment 4. Our car finally _ a small town in which stood a famous church.A. roled into B. rolled intoC. converted into D. cut into 5. The _ production of engines in our factory has doubled this year. A. manual B. annual C. amount D. alike6. The corporation has enough _ to build another factory.A. incomeB. depositC. capitalD. interest7. The wall is so low that they can jump over it _.A. at easeB. with easeC. for easeD. on ease8. I asked him to translate the words on the coin because of his _ with Latin.A. processionB. plagueC. efficiency D. familiarity 9. He declared his suggestions in his government work report at the National Peoples Congress _ last month.A. procession B. sessionC. petitionD. regulation10. During these ten years, many new methods have been _ in the field of foreign language teaching. A. adopted B. adapted C. alarmed D. aided11. What the multinational organizations do globally will _ a great influence on the world market.A. projectB. processC. proceedD. prohibit 12. Every director needs an assistant that he can _ to take care of problems that may occur in his absence.A. count on B. count forC. count of D. count to13. We hope that we should have _ in each other again.A. admissionB. interruptionC. confidenceD. rotation 14. This council will _ until elections are held next month.A. estimateB. functionC. convinceD. comment15. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been_ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.A. assimilated B. adaptedC. integrated D. dissolved16. The police fought a _ battle against crime and finally wiped it out in the city.A. relentlessB. sleevelessC. regardlessD. nonetheless17. In extraordinary email communications with reporter Raymond over a series of weeks and months, the astronaut has shared _ photographs and thoughts from above.A. multitudeB. a multitudeC. a multitude of D. multitude of18. The police are trying to find out the _ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. recognition B. statusC. position D. identity 19. Iran has been under _ international scrutiny since the discovery more than two years ago that it had been conducting secret work on nuclear enrichment for nearly two decades.A. immense B. intenseC. inertD. influenza20. We took it _ that our team would win the game.A. for a givenB. on a givenC. as grantedD. as a given Reading passages Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Liftman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: Get up, John! youll be late or work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Liftman believes. Maybe you re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble in some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. When ever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _A. he is a lazy personB. he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC. he is not sure when his energy is low.D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening. 2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A. Unawareness of energy cycles.B. Familiar monologues.C. A change in a family members energy cycle:D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members. 3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should_A. change his energy cycle B. overcome his lazinessC. get up earlier than usual D. go to bed earlier 4. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _A. help to keep your energy for the days workB. help you to control your temper early in the dayC. enable you to concentrate on your routine workD. keep your energy cycle under control all day 5. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save ones energy.B. Dr. Liftman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C. Habit helps one adapt to his own energy cycle.D. Children have energy cycles, too. As in the field of space travel, so in undersea exploration new technologies continue to appear. They share a number of similarities with each other as well as some important differences. Manned submersibles (潜水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment. But while a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum of space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water. In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (Roves) been put to use. One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater. Vacuum