北师大版高中英语选修七学案 Unit20 Grammar.doc

将来完成时和将来进行时【归纳】一、将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生了影响。将来完成时的谓语由“shall / will + have +过去分词”构成。和一般将来时一样，主语是第一人称时用的shall也常被will所代替。如：by the end of the year i shall / will have saved 500 pounds.before long, jim will have forgotten all about this matter.将来完成时常与ever, never, soon等时间状语连用。如：will you soon have finished reading the book?将来完成时常与时间或条件状语从句连用。如：when i have done that, i shall have done all i was supposed to do.if you come at six oclock, i shall have got my car fixed.注意：在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时之前已完成或发生的事情用现在完成时。如：he will come to call you the moment he has finished his painting.well start at five oclock if it has stopped raining by then.二、将来进行时将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常表示已安排好的事，给人一种期待之感。它常与表示将来的时间状语连用。将来进行时的谓语由“shall / will + be +动词-ing形式”构成。如：this time tomorrow, we shall be seeing a wonderful film with david.professor black will be giving a lecture tomorrow evening.将来进行时还有下列用法： 将来进行时可以用来表示原因、结果和可能。将来进行时表示原因可以用在because从句中。如：its no use trying to see oliver at five this afternoon, because hell be doing his homework then.将来进行时表示结果常与条件从句连用。如：if i fail to appear by eight this morning, i will not be coming at all.将来进行时表示可能时，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。如：lawrence will be telling you about the accident tonight. 将来进行时表示委婉的语气。如：will you be having some tea?when will you be finishing these letters?【即学即练】从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. could i use your car tomorrow morning?sure. i _ a report at home. (江苏2013)a. will be writing b. will have writtenc. have written d. have been writing2. can i call you back at two oclock this afternoon?im sorry, but by then i _ to beijing. how about five? (陕西2012)a. fly b. will flyc. will be flying d. am flying3. i hear that jason is planning to buy a car.i know. by next month, he _ enough for a used one. (上海2012)a. will have saved b. will be savingc. has saved d. saves4. on her next birthday, ann _ married for twenty years. (天津2011)a. is b. has beenc. will be d. will have been5. if you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall. (浙江2010)a. eat b. would eatc. have eaten d. will be eating答案【即学即练】1-5 acadd非人称转述结构在转述人们说的话或对某事的观点时，我们常常可以用到“非人称转述结构”。一般来说，“非人称转述结构”在英语中有两种表达形式，即：it +动词被动式结构+ that从句；sb. / sth. +动词被动式结构+动词不定式。常用于这两个句式中的动词有：think, say, believe, know, suppose, report, expect, claim, predict, fear等。在使用这两个句式时要注意以下几点：这两种句式一般可以相互转换。如：it was reported that several people had been arrested in the restaurant. several people were reported to have been arrested in the restaurant. 在“it +动词被动式结构+ that从句”中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。此时，it不能被this, that等词替代。在“sb. / sth. +动词被动式结构+动词不定式”中，不定式要根据转述的动作和转述时间之间的关系发生相应的变化。如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间或即将发生，用动词不定式的一般式。如：mr. jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.borrowers are expected to return books on time.如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，用动词不定式的完成式。如：frank was thought to have boarded the plane to new york.如果转述时转述的动作正在进行，用动词不定式的进行式。如：they are said to be cleaning their classroom at present.【即学即练】用“sb. / sth. +动词被动式结构+动词不定式”改写下列句子。1. it is said that latin is difficult to learn._2. it was believed that the house had been built in 1735._3. it is claimed that the volunteers are approaching the area on foot._答案【即学即练】1. latin is said to be difficult to learn.2. the house was believed to have been built in 1735.3. the volunteers are claimed to be approaching the area on foot.代词高考考点归纳高考主要从以下几个方面考查代词：一、辨析one(s), that, those, it 1. one代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。ones是其复数形式。2. that指代前面提到过的名词。它可指代单数可数名词（= the one），也可指代不可数名词，或指代前面提到过的某件事。that的复数形式是those。3. it可指代：上文或下文中提到的情况或事情；婴儿或性别被认为不重要的人或动物；未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况；时间、距离、天气、自然现象等。二、辨析both, all, neither, none, either, any 1. both, all都表示肯定意义。both表示“两者都”；all表示“三者或三者以上都”。2. neither, none都表示否定意义。neither表示“两者都不”，与both相对；none表示“三者或三者以上都不”，与all相对。3. either表示“两者中任何一个”；any表示“（三者或三者以上中的）任何的，任一的”。三、辨析another, the other, others, the others 1. another指不确定数目中的“另一个”，后接单数名词、“of +复数名词”或“数字+复数名词”。 2. the other 特指两部分或两者中的另外一个，常与one 连用。3. others相当于“other +可数名词复数”，表示不确定指，相当于汉语的“其他的人或物，别的人或物”。4. the others表示确定指，相当于汉语的“其余的人或物，所有其他的人或物”。四、复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词是由every, some, any, no与one, body, thing构成的代词，通常用作单数，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。带有some的复合不定代词通常用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。something还可用于疑问句中，表示征求意见、邀请并期望对方给予肯定答复。五、人称代词和反身代词的用法人称代词可在句中用作主语、表语和宾语等。反身代词在句中可用作及物动词、介词的宾语，也可作表语或同位语，或用于一些固定结构中，如：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself, between ourselves等。【即学即练】从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. its an either-or situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _. (2013新课标全国卷ii)a. others b. either c. another d. both2. the traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. (四川2013)a. one b. this c. that d. it3. this project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. (安徽2013)a. nothing b. anything c. something d. everything4. recycling