美国知识产权法短语按字母整理.docx

Aauthors 作者artistic creation 艺术作品a restrictive interpretation 限制解释accounting system 计帐方法architectural plans 建筑设计图adaptations 改编alienation 转让access and substantial similarity 查看版权作品的机会和实质相似amorphous character无形性abstract concept of property抽象的财产概念antitrust government regulation反垄断法及政府法规an incentive theory of patents专利的激励理论Articles of Confederation联邦条例（美国1781年至1789年的第一部宪法）a Constitutional patent power保障专利的宪法性权力a patent application satisfies专利申请符合Application申请a new,useful,and nonobvious process or product一种具有新颖性、实用性以及非显而易见性的方法或产品asserted 主张的accrue产生ascertain确定amend修正authorization授权anti反对all title to全部产权a taking剥夺a composition of matter物质的组合apportions these interests利益分配an ingenious way独创方法abstract principle抽象的原理a working requirement实施发明的要求asexually reproducing plant无性繁殖植物an exclusively functional designe具有唯一功能的外观设计anticipation 在先公开a grace period of 12 months 12个月的宽限期application priority申请优先权a senior inventor先发明人at issue争议中的a prior invention在先发明active or continuous积极或持续的atomic energy information原子能信息an“enabling disclosure”可实施的公开性文件a specification说明书a count 事项，特征application priority申请优先权a balancing process衡平方法A junior inventor can never challenge a senior inventor unless the junior inventor reducesto practice first.除非后发明人首先将构思付诸实践，否则不能对先发明人提出异议an impermissible fraudulent quality不被允许的欺诈性a specific utility特定实用性a “monopoly of knowledge”对知识的垄断articulation and implementation理解和实施ad hoc rules特殊规则analogous 类似于a well-established field公认的技术领域a competitive edge竞争优势a doctrine of constructive prior art推断现有技术理论a complaint and answer起诉书和答辩状assignees受让人aggregate effort共同努力allowance准许an interference proceeding专利抵触审查程序attorneys fees律师费an arms length adversary 地位平等的对造当事人absolute identity 绝对等同a substantial equivalent实质等同a pioneer parent首创性专利a compulsory license 强制许可a reasonable royalty for the use合理的使用费a mechanism for providing identification as well as a technique for providing a marketing advantage商品识别机制以及市场优势手段appurtenant 附属于adoption 选择、选定anti-dilution反淡化abandoned 放弃approximate similarity 大概相似a challenged mark 争议商标a prima facie presumption 初步推定arbitrary or fanciful 独特的、奇异的arbitrary 随意的a property right 财产权anti-dilution 反商标淡化a theory of misappropriation 禁止滥用权利理论a recognizable number of consumers 确有部分消费者a property interest 财产利益a pre-registration user 注册前的使用人allocation 权利分配abandonment 放弃actual abandonment 事实放弃actual commercial use 真正的商业性使用an original proceeding 初审程序a thorough conviction 足以确信a search of existing registration 对已有注册商标的检索axiomatic 不言自明的a correlative holding 一相关裁决a Hobsons choice 无选择余地a utility patent 实用专利a windfall 横财accounting 计算attorneys fees 律师费Bbusiness methods 商业方法be in agreement达成一致（合意）be sold outright卖断bargain theory交易理论bars限制business methods商业方法be so intentional or noticed可意识到的或者被注意到be pledged to confidentiality保证保守秘密by reference to the purpose sought参照其所追求的目标best-mode最佳实施方式beyond question that the patent is valid and infringed专利有效且侵权均无疑问be tantamount to 相当于bona fide use 善意使用business ethice 商业道德“black market”goods 黑市商品Ccommon law 普通法Copyright Art of 1976 1976年版权法circumscribed 限制common law copyright 普通法上的版权copyright basics 版权的基本原则copyrightable woks 可享有版权的作品choreography 舞蹈choreographic notation 舞谱computer programs,phonorecords,and dramatic personalities 计算机程序、唱片和戏剧人物commercial exploitation 商业上利用composers 曲作者compulsory license 强制许可copyright formalities-registration and notice 版权手续-登记和标记charitable purposes 慈善目的circumstantial evidence 旁证，间接证据contact 接触circumstantial evidence rule 间接证据规则coincidence 巧合characters and sequence 人物和顺序combination组合Constitutional Convention制宪会议codified成文法典Challenge异议claims 权利要求书compulsory licensing强制许可charge of infringement侵权诉讼controversy争论concentrated or purified products ofnature人工浓缩或提纯的自然产品chemical process化学方法compositions of matter物质的组合capture采用conflicting claims相互抵触的权利要求concealment隐藏curiosity奇异性combination patent组合专利commercial success商业上的成功claims drafting撰写权利要求comprising包括consisting由构成culpability有罪行为，可归咎之行为claim interpretationdifferentiation，literality，and equivalence对权力要求的解释不同，字面和等同costs诉讼费用confusion 混淆constructive notice 推定通知collective marks 集体商标coined or fanciful 杜撰的或奇异的confusion，mistake，or deceit混淆，讹误或欺骗concurrent use 共同使用contempt 侮辱capable of 有可能consumer loyalty 消费者的信任consumer expectations 消费者期望concurrent use 共同使用concurrent registration 同时注册constructive or legal abandonment 推定放弃或法定放弃circuits 巡回法院contingent registration 备用注册constructive use 推定使用Commissioner 局长collusive or contrived 串通的或图谋的contravenes 违反certification marks 证明商标cancellation 撤销collective marks 集体商标collective trade（or service）marks and collective membership marks 集体贸易（服务）商标和集体成员资格商标complexity 复杂性commercial parties 从事商业经营之人cause of action 诉因character and similarity of markets 市场特征及其相似性channels of trade 销售渠道consumer fraud 欺骗消费者customs service 海关服务局common control 共同控制Ddissemination 发行derivative works 演绎作品directories,compilations 名录、汇编物duplicated the plans 按图施工dramatic character 戏剧人物direct perception test 直接感知测试derivations演绎display 展览Design and plant patents外观设计专利及植物专利disclosure公开，披露declaratory judgement确权判决design patents外观设计专利derivative衍生物design patents外观设计专利distinctiveness独特性diligence勤勉describe描述，阐明disabling使（在法律上）无资格的，这里指丧失专利性double-patenting 重复授予专利权delegate授权、转让deceptive intent欺诈动机district court地区法院de novo 重新审理direct，indirect，and contributory infringement 直接侵权、间接侵权、共同侵权duplicating仿造damages损害赔偿“deadwood” provision “弃用”条款distinctiveness 显著性descriptive marks 描述性商标“deceptively misdescriptive”bar 禁止虚伪欺骗的描述disparage 毁谤diversity 联邦法院管辖权（指不同州的公民之间或州公民与外侨之间所发生的诉讼管辖权）dilution 商标淡化defensive/offensive 抗辩/指控dictum 法官的附带意见de novo judicial trial 重新审查design patent 外观设计专利dispenses with 无需“discriminating purchase”theory 区别购买者理论doctrine of expanded rights 商标权扩展理论damages 损害赔偿Eexploitation 利用exclusive rights 专有权establishments 机构expert testimony 专家证言exclusive rights独占权，专有权examiner审查员exempted使免除（责任）expiration期满exploit利用，实施enumerates逐条陈述eligible符合条件的enable a person having ordinary skill in the appropriate art to duplicate the invention使所属领域的普通技术人员能够重现发明experimental试验性使用equivalent substitutions等同替代en banc 全体出庭法官（在美国，指巡回上诉法庭通常对一个重大案件的审理可扩大法庭审判官的人数，又称sitting en banc）ex parte nature单方性质examination 初步审查enabling disclosure是能够公开的exploitation 实施equitable estoppel or laches 衡平法上的禁止翻供或者疏忽懈怠ex parte 仅有单方当事人equivalent等同evidentiary device取证方法extraterritorial effect域外效力essentialness keyness spentness本质性、关键性、或费用exceptional case 特殊情况equity公平，正义expansion of trademark doctrine 商标权扩展理论enjoining 禁止euphemism 委婉的说法equitable remedies 衡平法上的救济措施equitable 衡平法上有效的equitable relief 衡平法上的救济exemplary ir punitive damages 惩戒性或惩罚性损害赔偿Ffoundations of copyright protection 版权之保护基础fixation of the work into tangible form 以有形形式固定作品fixation in a tangible medium 固定在有形介质上factual information 事实信息“form”or”style” “形式”或“风格”fair users/use 合理使用for profit 营利目的fair game 准许捕猎的猎物，意指可自由使用的素材fundamental truths，original causes，motives，methods of calculation基本事实，起因，动机，计算方法FDA美国食品及药物管理局foreign anticipation国外在先公开file申请专利Factually事实上“flash of creative genius”requirement“创造性的灵光一闪”条件functional 功能性的Federal Circuit 联邦巡回法院file wrapper estoppel禁止反悔first sale “exhausts”首次销售穷竭federal registration联邦注册federal jurisdiction 联邦管辖权forum法庭fashion a remedy tailored to the individual case 根据个案采取补救措施foreign to 与.不相关factual inquiry 事实调查federal publication 联邦公告fair use 合理使用first use in commerce 商业中的首次使用franchising arrangement 特许经营权协议federal subject matter jurisdiction 按照标的物确定联邦法院管辖权fair and collateral use 合理使用与平行使用fair comment 合理评论GGone With The Wind 飘guild行会，互助会Grants授予good-faith 善意guilty of patent fraud专利欺诈罪good faith or ignorance善意或不知情guild 行会gross/appurtenant dichotomy总体功能和从属功能两分法generic 产品的通用名称geographic marks 地理标志goodwill 商誉good faith junior users 善意的后使用人generic drugs 通用药品gray market goods 灰市商品gross 全部销售额Hhybrid 混合法has no effect at all无任何效力hold otherwise would be to grant a patent on an unknown range of applications不能授予未知适用领域的专利history of the art 特定技术的历史hornbook law 法律常识Iinsurance forms and instruments 保险表格和契据infringement actions 侵权诉讼innocent infringement 无辜侵权illicit copying or unlawful appropriation 非法复制或非法盗用importation patent引进型专利inventive and importation patents发明专利和引进型专利issued授予interference proceeding抵触审查程序infringement侵权implications暗指invalid无效的ideas v. applications发明构思与专利申请intangible无形的inventive characteristics创造性interference proceedings抵触审查程序indicia标记象征，表明事实可能存在的情况in such a black-letter way 以这么被普遍接受的方法ideas per se构思本身in its best mode 以最佳方式inter alia特别是【I】n a patent claim， more means less在专利权利要求书中，多意味着少intentionally deceptive conduct故意欺骗行为infringement 专利侵权innocent infringer无过错侵权人innocent infringement 无过错侵权infringement defensesmisuse侵权抗辩滥用专利权injunctive relief禁令救济in gross大量的、大批的in a line of种类incontestability不容争议性，指商标注册人如果从注册之日起连续5年在商业上使用该商标于其商品或服务上，并在继续使用，他对该商标使用权即属不容争议“intent-to-use” provision “使用意向”条款in the descriptive/distinctive continuum 具备描述性/显著性的商标immortal or scandalous marks，national symbols，or names of living figures 不道德的或诽谤性标志、国家象征在世名人的姓名institutions 组织immediate 直接inter partes 在当事人之间infringement action 侵权诉讼interstate 州际的intrastate 州内的incontestability 不可争议性incontestability defenses 不可争议性抗辩interpose the defense 提出抗辩intent-to-use 使用意向in a similar fashion 以类似的方式in connection with 有关injunctive relief 禁令救济“impulse”buying 冲动性购买inference 推论injunctive relief 禁令救济items of cost 费用项目Jjustification正当理由jeopardize危及junior inventor后发明人judicial construction司法解释jeopardy危险journeyman mechanic普通技术工匠judicial fiat 司法判断、裁量joint invention 共同发明judicial review司法审查junior registrant 后注册人judicial decree 司法裁决judicial skepticism 司法怀疑理论Kknowing infringement by a defendant 被告明知侵权Lliterary works,musicai works,dramatic works,choreographic works,graphic works,audiovisual works,and sound recordings 文学作品/音乐作品、戏剧作品、舞蹈作品、图形作品、音像作品、录音作品lithographs 石版画lawful owner of 合法所有者lay observer 非专业的观察者litigated诉争的laypersons世（俗）人、外行人law of nature自然法则limited or restricted限于一定范围内或秘密使用long felt 感知已久的literal overlap文字上重叠license agreement许可协议liquidation 清偿likelihood可能性legitimate complaint 合法诉因likeness 肖像likelihood of expansion 商标权扩展的可能性loss of trademark protection and partial protection 商标保护及部分保护的丧失licensees 被许可人labor union 工会likelihood of confusion 混淆的可能性lobby 游说议员者Mmercantile interests 商业利益集团monopolistic copyright protection 独占性版权保护modicum 少量、一点点mask works 掩膜作品mass media 大众传媒meritorious有价值的more rigid Constitutional constraints更加刚性的宪法性约束make，use，or sell生产、使用、销售manufactures制品mere chemical formulas 纯粹的化学公式mental step思维步骤mathematical method数学方法manufacture制品machine机器mathematical manifestation数学证明mathematical formulas（or “algorithms”）数学公式（或算法）mathematical algorithm数学算法material information重要信息materiality重要性mark 标记majority vote 多数票决market reality 市场现状minimal complexity 最低限度的复杂性marketplace evils 市场弊端monopolization 垄断Nnoncopyrightable works 不可享有版权的作品non-exclusively非排他性许可novelty新颖性nonobviousness非显而易见性new and useful improvement新颖、实用的改进naturally-occurring-substance自然产生的物质new life forms新的生命形式new technology新技术nonobviousness非显而易见性novelty，ornamentality，and nonobviousness新颖性、装饰性和非显而易见性nonobviousness非显而易见性negative rules of invention否定发明规则nexus联系needs需求negligence 过失non-renewable不能续展的notice of the patent 专利权声明nonstaple 非主要产品novelty 新颖性non-use 不使用nonuse 不使用naked licensing 无保证许可notice of allowance 批准通知Oother adaptations of the basic work 原作品的改编original expression 具有原创性的表达originality 原创性original works of authorship 原创作品oral presentations 口头表达形式on a geographic basis以地域为界obligation义务optimum最好的、最适宜的、最有利的Orphan drug act罕见病药物法ordinary designer普通设计人员oral publication口头公开Only more diligent than one other person who conceives later比后构思者更勤勉即可objective standard客观标准overbreadth过于宽泛objective tests客观标准originality独创性on an equal footing处于同等地位offensive 冒犯性opposition proceedings，interference proceedings，cancellationproceedings，de novo concurrent registration proceedings 异议程序、抵触申请程序、撤销程序及再同时注册程序ornamental 装饰Ppublication rights 出版权performance rights 表演权purloined 偷窃plays,motionpictures 戏剧、电影performer 表演者producer 录音制品制作者parts with 放弃possession 占有performance 表演pantomime 哑剧public performance 公开表演plagiarism 剽窃paradigmatic act of infringement 典型的侵权行为prototypes,or stereotypical figures 原型或模式化形象patented item专利产品process方法patentee专利权人pre-empt优先于pre-emption优先适用权prior state of the art现有技术patentable可授予专利的priority优先权patent term专利权期限public domain公有领域pro赞成premise前提products or processes产品或方法plant patents植物专利patentable可取得专利的，可授予专利的printed-matter印刷品products of nature自然产品patent申请专利physical phenomenon物理现象plant patents植物专利printed publication，public use，sale印刷出版、公开使用、销售public use公开使用publicly disseminated or accessible公开传播或广为知悉published已公布prior use在先使用publicly available公开获得pirate剽窃publicity and limited disclosures公开性和有限公布patent prosecution process专利申请程序Priority depends upon three factors：the time of conception，the time of reduction to practice，and the use of due diligence in pursuing both patent protection and perfection of the discovery。优先权取决于决于三个因素：构思时间、付诸实现的时间、在寻求专利保护和发明物的有效性过程中的应有注意Priority paradox优先权悖论presumed utility推定的实用性prior art现有技术pertinent相关的Prior patents现有专利prohibit the “stealing” of anothers patents禁止“窃取”他人的专利prosecuting 进行，推行Patent Offices Board of Appeals专利局申诉委员会privy利害关系人precedential先例效力preamble序言presumption of patent validity专利的有效性推定practical interchangeability 实际上的可互换性patent pending专利待批（专利未决）profits 侵权所获利润preliminary relief 临时禁令palming off假冒priority of use 在先使用priority of appropriation 优先使用prior use 在先使用principles of equity as well as of statutory law 公平原则和法律规律prophylactic theory 预防理论proving a negative 这里指证明不可能发生混淆的情况partial rights 部分权利publication 公布注册pragmatics of trademark litigation 商标诉讼实用主义police 管制primary purpose 主要目的palming off 假冒pecuniary interest 经济利益per se 本身proving a negative 反面证明parallel imports 平行进口private attorney general 私人出庭检察官（指可出庭为每个公民实施公共权利的个人检察官）Qqualitative utility决定专利的实用性Rreproduction 复制品repositories 数据库reverse engineer 反向工程royalty 使用费remedies 补偿rental,lease,or lending 出租、租借、出借real property不动产royal privilege皇家特权royal prerogative王权、君主特权Revolution独立战争revisions修订renew续展re-examine复审references to prior publications现有出版物中的参考文献rough similarity大致相似reconstructing the prior art重现现有技术reject 驳回run afoul of与发生冲突rejection 驳回reexamination复审remand a dubious 将一项有争议的准许发回reading on 照搬抄袭reissue and re-examination换发专利证书与复审repair and reconstruction 修复与再造repair-reconstruction dichotomy修复与再造两分法relief法律补救方法remedies 救济措施recapture 再次获得relatedness 相关性relief 救济措施registration use 注册使用registrability 注册资格related companies 相关公司retail 零售“related goods”doctrine 相关商品原则SStatute of Anna 安娜法sound recordings 录音statutory copyright 成文法上的版权substantially similar 实质相似source code 源代码Semiconductor Chip Protection Act 半导体芯片保护法sound recordings 录音作品statutory license 法定许可sale 买卖statutory exception 法定例外scienter 明知、故意stock figures 陈旧的形象statutory法定的specification说明书search检索similar or identical类似的或者相同的systems of bookkeeping记账系统structure，rather than its content，that is inventive是结构具有创造性，而不是其内容Semiconductor Chip Protection Act半导体芯片保护法statutory bars法定限制substantial and realized anticipation实质性的和有意识的在先公开substantially identical实质相同substantiality test of infringement侵权的实质性检验标准statutory bar法定限制speculative utility推测的实用性substantial utility实际的实用性synergism“协和作用”secondary considerations间接证据subjective standard主管标准subjective ingenuity主管创造力Secondary evidence间接证据subtests次级标准scienter 明知，故意stay中止staple主要的、重要的secret law 商业秘密法service服务商标secondary meaning and descriptiveness 第二含义及描述suggestive 暗示性的standing 身份、资格strength of 影响力state anti-dilution statutes 州反淡化法senior registrant 先注册人standing 身份、资格standing 启动异议程序的资格sects 教派、学派subject matter 商标的客体Seal of Approval 认证service marks 服务商标standing to sue 起诉资格strength of the mark 商标的影响力similarity of goods or services 商品或服务的相似性subsidiary evidence 补充证据statutory license 法定许可Tthe subject matter of copyright 版权的客体the idea-expression dichotomy 思想-表达二分法The Berne Convention Implementation Act 尼泊尔公约实施法typefaces 字体tortious conduct 侵权行为the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Words(CONTU) 美国版权作品新技术应用委员会the resulting protection 最终保护the code of a program 程序代码the object code 目标代码the statutory fee 法定使用费the compulsory fee 强制许可使用费the reproduction right,the derivative work right,the distribution right,the performance right,and the display right 复制权、演绎作品权、发行权、表演权、展览权transmitting organizations 传播组织translations,arrangements,dramatizations,fictionalizations,films,recordings,abridgments,condensations 译文、编排、改编成戏剧、小说、电影、录音制品、删节本、缩写本transfer of ownership 所有权转移the “first sale”doctrine 初卖原则tort law侵权法the metaphysics of the law法律玄学the statute成文法the foundations of patent protection专利保护的基础the Statute of Monopolies垄断法，又称专卖条约the trademark statute商标法the Patent Office