个体私营经济成吸纳就业“蓄水池”.doc

个体私营经济成吸纳就业“蓄水池”日前，中国个体劳动者协会发布了中国个体私营经济与就业关系研究报告。报告显示，个体工商户属个人或家庭经营，从业人员平均每户2-3人，去年私营企业平均吸纳就业12.6人，个体私营经济成吸纳就业人口的“蓄水池”。去年个体私营经济从业人员占全国就业人员的比例达32.36%人民财经从中国个体劳动者协会得到的最新消息显示，截止到2015年9月底，全国个体私营经济共吸纳从业人员达2.73亿人，其中个体工商户5285万人，私营企业1802万户。个体私营企业主要集中在批发和零售业、交通运输、仓储和邮政业、住宿和餐饮业等领域。报告显示，个体私营经济从业人员从1990年的2263万人，增长到了2014年的2.5亿人，增长了10倍。个体私营经济从业人员占全国就业人员的比例从1990年的3.5%增长到了2014年32.36%。在城镇，每年新增就业的相当一部分被个体私营经济吸收。根据国家统计局公布数据，1990年至2014年，城镇中个体私营经济就业占城镇就业人员的比例，从不到4%提高到42.91%。其中，城镇个体工商户从业人员占城镇就业的比例从3.6%提高到17.83%，城镇私营企业就业占城镇就业的比例从0.33%提高到25.08%。据了解，在这种经济加速转型的背景下，我国就业情况基本呈现出三个态势：一是一、二产业吸纳就业能力大幅下降，第三产业就业群体显著扩增；二是结构转型期经济长期低增长对就业总量规模的制约持续显现；三是先进制造业和现代服务业等新兴主导产业对劳动力素质的要求日益提高。对此，中国个体劳动者协会副秘书长张久荣对人民财经表示，个体私营经济发展水平越高，越能够吸纳足够多的中高端劳动力，促进产业结构顺利升级，越能够缓解就业压力，有效消化失业人员避免大的社会危机。对于一些就业吸纳能力较强的制造业、居民服务业、住宿餐饮业等个体私营企业，政府应该加大扶持力度，适当给予政策倾斜，使个体私营企业有效控制和降低人工成本和经营负担，鼓励他们创造稳定就业岗位。大学生发展型创业比例大在谈到大学生就业形势时，张久荣认为，对于已经找到工作的大学应届毕业生来讲，他们能够看到更多的创业机会，对自己掌握的知识和技能更有信心，他们的创业意愿也更高，创业也成为他们成长和发展的跳板，某种意义上讲，这部分人的创业在将来都属于发展型创业。“据调查2015年新毕业大学生创业比例同比增长近一倍，全国逾千万的网络创业群体中大学生占到六成。”国家发改委高技术司副巡视员孟宪棠在10月13日的新闻发布会上表示。报告数据显示，高校毕业生创办私营企业对就业的带动效应明显要高于一般企业，主要体现在两个方面：一是平均雇员数量，二是新增雇员数量。从平均雇员数量来看，呈现出创办企业者学历越高，其平均雇员数量就越高的特点。学历越高的企业家，其创办企业的平均雇员数就越高，对社会就业存量的带动效应就越明显。中国社会科学院社会学研究所副研究员吕鹏建议，对大学生创业，要加强一方面提供财务支援、搭建融资平台等硬支持，另一方面多提供信息、辅导和建议等软支持。搭建创业者和天使投资人的交流平台也同样重要，一些政府项目向青年企业家提供调查和融资，来帮助他们启动初试企业，也可以创业者的辅助指导和资金支持捆绑到一起。Private economy to absorb employment reservoirRecently, the China Individual Laborers Association released the China Private Economy and Employment Report. The report shows that individual businesses is an individual or family business, employing 2-3 people per household last year, private sector employment to absorb the 12.6 average person, individual and private economies to absorb the labor force reservoir.Last year, employees in private economy of the countrys total employment amounted to 32.36 percent ratioFINANCE get the latest news from the Chinese Peoples Association of individual workers, as of the end of September 2015, the national private economy to absorb a total of 273 million employed people, of which 5285 million individual industrial and commercial households, private 18,020,000. Individual and private enterprises are mainly concentrated in the areas of wholesale and retail trade, transportation, storage and postal services, accommodation and catering industry.The report shows that practitioners of private economy in 2263 from 1990 million, an increase to 250 million in 2014, an increase of 10 times. Private economy employed proportion of the countrys total employment increased from 3.5% in 1990 to 32.36 percent in 2014. In urban areas, a substantial portion of new jobs each year is absorbed by the individual and private economy.According to the National Bureau of Statistics data, from 1990 to 2014, the urban employment in private economy accounted for the proportion of urban employment, from less than 4% to 42.91%. Among them, the urban individual industrial and commercial households employing total urban employment increased from 3.6% to 17.83%, the urban private sector employment accounted for urban employment increased from 0.33% to 25.08%.It is understood that, in this context of accelerating economic restructuring, Chinas employment situation presents three basic situation: First one, two industrial capacity to absorb a substantial decline in employment, the tertiary industry employment groups significantly amplified; the second is the structure of the economies in transition Low long-term constraints on growth in total employment continued to show the scale; the third is advanced manufacturing and modern service industry and other emerging industries leading to increasing demand for the quality of labor.In response, Deputy Secretary General of China Association of individual workers 张久荣 Finance, said the people, the higher the level of development of private economy, the more able to absorb a sufficient number of high-end labor, to promote a smooth upgrade the industrial structure, the more we can relieve the pressure on employment, unemployment effectively digest personnel to avoid large social crisis. For some employment absorption ability of manufacturing, residential services, accommodation and catering industry and other private enterprises, the government should increase support for efforts to give appropriate preferential policies, so that individual and private enterprises to effectively control and reduce labor costs and the operating costs, encourage They create stable jobs.Undergraduate Entrepreneurship large proportionWhen talking about the students employment situation, Zhang Jiurong think, have found work for university graduates is concerned, they are able to see more business opportunities, on their own knowledge and skills more confident, their entrepreneurial willingness more high, entrepreneurship has become a springboard for their growth and development, in a sense, these people are all in the future development of entrepreneurial start-ups.According to the survey in 2015 the proportion of new graduate business students grew nearly doubled nationwide network of business groups in more than 10 million college students accounted for Liu Cheng. National Development and Reform Commission deputy inspector 孟宪棠 high-tech press conference on October 13 in He expressed.Report data show that the founder of the private sector to drive the effect on employment of college graduates is significantly higher than the general business, mainly in two aspects: First, the average number of employees, the second is the number of new employees. The average number of employees from the point of view, showing a higher education who start a business, the number of employees, the higher its average characteristics. The higher education entrepreneurs, the average number of employees in the enterprise, the higher its founder, to promote