长难单词真题语境记忆精读部分学生打印.doc

长难单词真题语境记忆精读部分1. professionalisation n.职业化，专业化 真题例句 But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. 2. industrialization n.工业化，产业化 真题例句 They (41：admitted) that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (42：average) man. 3. interrelationship n.相互关系，干扰 真题例句 As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.1997年阅读2 4. telecommunication n.电信，电信学 真题例句 Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.5. transcendentalist a./n.先验论者（的） 真题例句 Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” 6. controversialist n.争论者，好争论者 真题例句 In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. 7. disproportionate a.不成比例的 真题例句 By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. 8. enthusiastically ad.热心地，狂热地 真题例句 70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_. B openly and enthusiastically 8. environmentalist n.环境保护论者，环境论者 真题例句 The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. 9. irresponsibility n.无责任 真题例句 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 10. pretechnological a.前技术时代的 真题例句 Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.11. unpredictability n.不可预测性 真题例句 Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. 12. anthropological a.人类学的，人类学上的 真题例句 Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.13. appropriateness n.适应性 真题例句 (72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 14. competitiveness n.竞争 真题例句 By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. 15. differentiation n.区别 真题例句 A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.16. dissatisfaction n.不满，不平，令人不满的事物 真题例句 In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. 17. environmentally ad.周围地，环境地 真题例句 If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.18. experimentation n.实验，试验 真题例句 67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph? A A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. 19. instantaneously ad.立即 真题例句 But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 20. intellectualism n.智力活动；才智主义，知性主义 真题例句 Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism () in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. 21.interprovincial a.各省之间的，省际的 真题例句 But “national” doesnt have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.2005年新题型 22. miniaturization n.小型化 真题例句 And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 23. overcrowdedness n.过度拥挤 真题例句 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates. 24. straightforward(s) a.正直的，坦率的；简单的，易懂的；ad.坦率地 真题例句 Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward (a.). 25. underprivileged a.贫困的，下层社会的 真题例句 (75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 26. accomplishment n.成就，完成，技艺 真题例句 (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 27. administration n.管理，经营；行政（机关，部门）；政府 真题例句 If the Administration () wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. 28.administrative a.管理的，行政的 真题例句 So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. 29. alphabetically ad.按字母顺序地 真题例句 One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. 30. anthropologist n.人类学者，人类学家 真题例句 Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 31. astrophysicist n. 天体物理学家 真题例句 (75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 32. centralization n. 集中，聚集 真题例句 With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.33. characteristic a.（of）特有的，独特的；n.特征，特性 真题例句 With optimism characteristic (a.) of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. 真题例句 Such characteristics (n.) make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. 34. constitutional a.构成的，增强体质的，宪法的，拥护宪法的 真题例句 Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 35. counterbalance vt.使平均，使平衡，弥补；n.平衡，势均力敌 真题例句 “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch.“Schools could be a counterbalance (n.).” 36. discrimination n.识别力，辨别力；（against）歧视 真题例句 Railroads justify rate discrimination () against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. 37. electronically ad.电子地 真题例句 It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on _.2001年阅读2 A how well-developed it is electronically 38. fundamentalist n.原教旨主义者 真题例句 Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion. 39. generalization n.一般化，普遍化，概括，广义性 真题例句 “Benefits” have been weighed (40：against) “harmful” outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult. 40. homogenization n.（均）匀化，同质化 真题例句 The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.41. implementation n.执行 真题例句 Also common in the natural sciences , the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 42. infrastructure n.基础设施 真题例句 The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be.43. interpretation n.解释，阐明；口译，通译 真题例句 Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation () might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.1995年阅读5 44. microbiologist n.微生物学家 真题例句 “I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise, ”says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer.45. microprocessor n.微处理器 真题例句 Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. 46. misinformation n.报错，错误的消息 真题例句 They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.47. neuroscientist n.神经科学家 真题例句 The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 48. overwhelmingly ad.压倒性地，不可抵抗地 真题例句 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.2005年翻译 49. pharmaceutical n.药物；a.制药（学）上的 真题例句 Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical (a.) companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.” 50. recommendation n.推荐，介绍（信），劝告，建议 真题例句 At the same time, the American Law Institute a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 51. responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责，任务 真题例句 Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility (), creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. 52. scientifically ad.按科学的方法 真题例句 Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. 53. simultaneously ad.同时地 真题例句 More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34：consequently) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (35：than) was common in the traditional family (36：structure) .(34) A contrarily B consequently C similarly D simultaneously (34) A 相反地，反对地 B 因此，所以 C 同样地，类似于 D 同时地 54. specialization/-sation n.特殊化，专门化 真题例句 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. 55. subconsciously a.下意识的 真题例句 Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.1995年阅读3 56. submicroscopic a.亚微观的 真题例句 According the the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. 57. teleconference n.远程电信会议 真题例句 Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. 58. transportation 7trAnspC:5teiFEn n.运输，运送 真题例句 If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.2003年阅读3 59. uncontrollable a.无法控制的 真题例句 Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”2001年阅读4 60. understandable a.可以理解的，可懂的 真题例句 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.61. understatement n.保守的陈述 真题例句 Search for exaggeration and understatements.62. undertreatment n.处理不足 真题例句 It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 63. accommodation(-s) n.住宿，留宿；膳宿供应；住房 真题例句 He sees wonderful accommodations (), beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. 64. advertisement n.广告，做广告 真题例句 It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.1995年阅读1 65. alternatively ad.作为选择，二者择一地 真题例句 If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 66. antibacterial a.抗菌的；n.抗菌药 真题例句 He experimented with antibacterial (a.) substances for nine years before he made his discovery. 67. approximately ad.近似地，大约 真题例句 During several years of gambling in that casino ,Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year ,lost approximately $175,000.68. automatically ad.自动地，机械地 真题例句 Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. 69. commercialize v.使商业化，使商品化 真题例句 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. 70. communication n.通讯，传达；pl.通讯系统；pl.交通（工具）；交流 真题例句 On the contrary, the price of communications () is coming down fast.71. compassionate a.有同情心的 真题例句 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.72. complementary a.补充的，补足的 真题例句 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. 73. comprehension a.理解（力），领悟 真题例句 No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. 74. comprehensive a.广泛的，全面的，综合的 真题例句 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are (17：comprehensive) programs that address the many needs of the homeless.75. concentration n.集中，集合，合并 真题例句 In cars, too, concentration is increasing witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. 76. conditionally ad.有条件地 真题例句 This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.2000年阅读3 77. confrontation n.面对，对峙 真题例句 59. The word “schism” (line 3, paragraph 1) in the context probably means _.1998年阅读3 A confrontation 78. consciousness n.意识，知觉，自觉，觉悟，个人思想 真题例句 These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter ones state of consciousness. 79. consideration n.需要考虑的事，理由；考虑，思考；体谅，照顾 真题例句 Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations () as sensitivity and sympathy. 真题例句 (73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration () humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 80. consolidation n.巩固，合并 真题例句 The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. 81. contemplative a.沉思的 真题例句 Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. 82. contradiction n.反驳，矛盾 真题例句 Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction indeed, contradiction which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. 83. contradictory a.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.矛盾因素，对立物 真题例句 59. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is _. C self-contradictory (a.) 84. controversial a.引起争论的，有争议的 真题例句 The communications revolution has (38：influenced) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (39：controversial) view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. 85. correspond