Part IV Realism - Emily Dickinson.docVIP

Application-oriented College English Course Book 2授课题目（章、节）Part IV Emily Dickinson 授课方式Student-oriented communicative teaching 授课时间2011年 9月 7日 第 2周 第 3次课 课时2教材及主要参考书吴伟仁, 美国文学史及选读（第二册）(History and Anthology of American Literature), 北京,外研社,2009 吴伟仁,美国文学史及选读 学习指南, 北京,外研社,2009 朱刚,新编美国文学史,上海,上海外语教育出版社, 2004 常耀信,美国文学简史(第二版),天津,南开大学出版社,2003 教学目标与要求：1. Understand her unusual experience and her strange character 2. Read her works and understand the way to represent her idea and feeling 知识点、难点与重点：1. The characteristics of her works 2. Understand her unique writing style 教学过程设计：（包括教学方式及方法、时间分配、媒体选用及板书设计）step 1 author 20minsstep 2 representative works 25minsstep 3 Reading excerpt 45mins教研室审阅意见：教研室组长： 年 月 日说明：1、本表原则上以每章为单位填写。2、此表后面为本次安排的授课内容的教案正文。基 本 内 容辅助手段和时间分配Part IV RealismEmily Dickinson I. Unusual personal experience 1. A literary family Her father: a prominent lawyer and politician,Her grandfather: established an academy and college. 2. Living as a recluse She and her sister remained at home and did not marry. After 1862 she became a total recluse. 3. Men acting as teachers and masters to Emily (1) The first was Benjamin Newton, who improved her literary and cultural tastes and influenced her ideas on religion. She refers to him as “a friend, who taught me Immortality”. (2) Charles Wadsworth, a married middle-aged minister who provided her with intellectual challenge and contact with the outside world. It appears that she felt affection for him that he could not return. Wadsworth may have been the model for the lover in her poems, though it is just as likely that the literary figure is purely imaginary. 4. Publication of her works (1) Facts She had only 9 poems published during her lifetime, though she wrote altogether 1775 poems. (2) Reason a. Her unconventional poems cannot be accepted by the public and the famous writers. b. She does not want to submit to the conventional poems (3) ResultMiss Dickinsons greatest outpouring of poems occurred in the early 1860s. After her death in 1886, her sister found nearly 1800 poems that she had written. And her sister requested Mrs. M. L. Todd and Thomas Wentworth Hugginson to edit them. The first edition was a volume of 115 poems which appeared in 1890. Many of the poems were finally published in 1890s, and Emily Dickinson was rediscovered by the literary world in the 1920s. In 1950, Harvard University bought all her copyright, and five years later the complete works of the poet, including three volumes of poems and three volumes of letters, was published. II. Her distinctive poems 1. Feature of her poem The range of her poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her creativity and imagination. The poems are short, many of them being based on a single image or symbol. Her poetry abounds in telling images. In the best of her poems every word is a picture seen. A salient feature of her technique is her severe economy of expression. Her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness, and plainest words. 从表面上来看，艾米莉的诗歌形式基本特征是：没有流畅的节奏，一行只有两三个乃至一个重音节，却又很多不同寻常的破折号，大胆的比喻，奇异的想象力，语言简练含蓄得像中国的古典诗词，拉丁词与英语俗词混用，不是出现的悖论更增加了诗意的不确定性。实际上，她的诗歌非常复杂，正与波特说迪金森的诗歌“除了每首诗都用数字做标题外，有着难懂其意的代词和其他关联的出处，不合语法的新奇句子，省略，句子的高难度压缩和断裂，掩饰句子结构的不规则标点。”2. Contents (1) Love and a lover (2) Nature (3) Mortality and immortality (4) Success and failure 3. Form of expression (1) exact wording(2) arrangement (3) punctuation III. EmilyWhitman Dickinson differs from Whitman in a variety of ways: 1. Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual. 2. Whitman is “national” in his outlook; Dickinson is “regional”. 3. In formal terms: Whitmans endless, all-inclusive catalogs contrast with the concise, direct and simple diction and syntax (句法) which characterize Dickinsons poetry. 不同点： a. 惠特曼是大海长河滔滔，骄阳当空；迪金森则是小桥流水，月明星稀； b. 他，大气磅礴，更多关心的是宏观世界；而她，细致入微，更多关注的是微观世界（例如，内战在她作品中的体现）相同点： a. 在诗歌艺术的追求上执着勇敢，在任何时候都不会趋势媚俗；b. 都经历了不平坦或者说坎坷的创作道路。IV. 美国学术界研究迪金森诗歌的情况和趋势1. 19世纪60年代到世纪末，对她诗歌的接受基本上处于报刊褒贬不一的评价性评论的初级阶段； （希金生和托德主编的迪金森的第一版诗选（1890）和第二版诗选（1891）面世时，西金生对迪金森不规范形式和独创性的内容的一分为二的评论在评论界和读者中产生了深远影响。） 2. 从1930年到1955年，对她诗歌的研究进一步从报刊的评价性评论转入学术阐释；（艾肯为他编选的艾米莉迪金森诗选）(Selected Poems of Emily Dickinsen,1924) 缩写的前言标志了评论界对迪金森的诗歌的批评已经从评价性的批评转入阐释性批评。换言之，评论界不再在她诗歌品格的好坏上打圈子，而是在承认她的诗歌是优秀诗歌的前提下进行阐释和解读。）3. 从1955年到20世纪末，对她是个的研究进入了前所未有的全面而深入的崭新阶段； （托马斯约翰逊(Thomas H. Johnson)主编的艾米莉迪金森诗歌全集(The Poems of Emily Dickinson: Including variant readings critically compared with all known manuscripts, 1955)和约翰逊与沃德(Theodora Ward)主编的艾米莉迪金森书信集(The Letters of Emily Dickinson, 1958)为学者和批评家全面认识迪金森及作品奠定了基础。）(1) 20世纪60年代，学术界、评论界除了对诗人的个人经历和对作品的解读感到兴趣外，开始对她诗歌的主题思想和语言特点做深入的探讨；(2) 20世纪70年代，对她个人经历和诗歌语言特点以及她同清教主义、超验主义、浪漫主义的关系进行探讨的同时，心理学和女权主义理论对她诗歌做了新的阐释。 (3) 她的诗歌被经典话并被纳入到正宗的西方文学的典范； （阿尔弗雷德卡津(Alfred Kazin)的美国行进 (An American Procession, 1984)和90年代布卢姆的西方正典 (The Western Canon, 1994)）V. 迪金森身上的四大冲突 1. 从小就与上帝万能的传统宗教思想格格不入，抛弃以拯救灵魂和罚入地狱说为基本的神学，质疑神学和世俗的价值观念； 2. 为了获得知识上的独立，与她父亲在思想上一直持对立面，不依从父亲认为学术活动有损子女健康的错误的传统思想；3. 渴求爱情而不被心爱的人理解所造成的心理创伤； 4. 努力寻找名人的指点和帮助，但在诗作的发表上收效甚微。 VI. Translation of some representative works 我品味未经酿造的酒 从珍珠镂成的大酒杯里 我品味未经酿造的饮料 并非莱茵河畔所有酒桶 都能产出这样的醇醪！ 我陶醉于清新的空气 我豪饮那晶莹的露水 在漫长的夏季 我常从 湛蓝的酒店蹒跚而归 当“店主人”把酩酊的蜜蜂 驱赶出遍地黄花的门庭 蝴蝶也不再浅酌细斟 我却要更加大口狂饮！直到天使摇晃着白色小帽和那些圣徒，奔向明窗挣看着小小的酒徒斜倚着太阳！我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中 我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中 哀悼者来来往往 不停地踏啊 踏啊 感觉是在分裂 当他们坐下时， 一个礼仪，像是一面鼓 在不停地敲啊 敲啊 我的头正在麻木 接着我听到抬棺的声音 吱哑声穿过了我的灵魂 又是，那些长筒靴，地面 又一次 开始轰鸣， 似乎天下就是一只铃铛， 而人，只是一只耳朵， 而我，静默一个陌生的种 摧残了，孤独地，在此 接着他们，一块理智的板，碎了， 接着我又掉落，掉落 接着撞直了一个世界，在每一次掉落， 接着完成了知晚 接着 鸟儿沿着小径过来 鸟儿沿着小径过来， 不知道我看见了它； 它把一条蚯蚓啄成两段， 把这家伙生的吞下。 接着从就近的草上， 它吸下了一颗露珠； 然后侧着身子跳向墙边， 为的是给甲虫让路。转动着灵活的眼睛，它扫视了四面八方 宛若是两颗受惊的珠子； 毛茸茸的头晃了晃 像人遇险时的模样， 我投点面包屑给它 很小心 它却张开翅膀， 划桨似地扑翼回家。 但是比浆划水轻盈 一片银辉不留痕迹； 比中午岸边的彩蝶轻盈 没浪花地划翼腾起。 我为美而死 我是为美而死 被人 安置在这个坟冢 有人是为真理而亡的， 也被葬在旁边的穴中 他曾轻声问道“你为何而死”？ “为美，”我回答 “我，为真理 两者都一样我们是兄弟，”他说话 就这样，像两个男人，相会在这个夜晚 隔着墓穴交谈 直到青苔爬到我们唇边 将我们石碑上的名字遮掩 （注：象征着美和真理的最终合一与回归）我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声 在临死之前 我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声 在临死之前 房间里寂静无声 就像空气突然平