反意疑问句讲解.doc

反 意 疑 问 句一、反意疑问句的概念及构成反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问者有一定的主见，但没有把握，希望对方证实一下。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。反意疑问句的结构可分为两种：肯定，否定？ ：否定，肯定？It is a fine day, isnt it? It isnt a fine day, is it?二、反意疑问句的解答步骤1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；2.找动（找句子的助动词：按原形do，三单does，过去时态did）；3.换代（将主语换为代词）；4.完成（写上问号，注意语调）。I have been waiting for you, havent I?Their parents have gone to London, havent they?Jack wasnt playing soccer, was he?You have a good friend, dont you?We had a meeting, didnt we?三、特殊形式反意疑问句，除了要采取上述其中的几步外，还要注意其不规则变化。1、特殊代词做主语a、人称代词作主语。由于“am+not”无缩写形式，所以后面问句的谓语和陈述句的谓语不一致如：I am a worker, arent I?b、指示代词this或that; these或those作陈述句的主语, 其简短的主语分别为it或they。如：This (That) is your pen, isnt it?These (those) arent books, are they?c、不定代词：everyone, everybody , anyone, anybody, someone，somebody, no one, nobody,问句部分的主语用they如：Everyone studies English, dont they?Nobody is here, are they ?d、不定代词 everything , nothing , anything , something 做主语时，其问句部分的主语用it.如：Everything is here, isnt it?Nothing is here, is it?2、祈使句后的反意疑问句形式a、Lets表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用 we表示，问句用 shall we?如： Lets have a cup of tea, shall we?b、Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求，问句用 will you。如： Let me have a rest, will you?c、其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句will you，使语气变得客气一些。如：Have a rest, will you?Dont stand up, will you?3、主从复合句的反意疑问句形式a、一般主从复合句，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。She says her brother is a worker, doesnt she?b、如果主从复合句中主句的主语I，谓语动词为think, expect , believe , imagine 等，问句中的主语和谓语必须和从句中的主语，谓语保持一致。如：I dont think you have done it, have you? I suppose you know the meaning of the word, dont you?We believe she can do it better, cant she?4、 含有下列情态动词时构成的反意疑问句形式 a、陈述句有had better时，问句中用had (hadnt) 。Youd better go home now, hadnt you?b、陈述句中有 must表示“必须”时问句用 neednt或 mustntYou must do your homework, mustnt you?/ neednt you?We mustnt go home, must (need) we?c、must表示“推测”时，问句中则不能用情态动词，而需要用其它形式。如：She must be in the room, isnt she?You must have been to Shanghai, havent you?5、陈述句中含有否定含义的词如no, nothing, nobody, little, few, never, neither, hardly, seldom 等, 问句部分应用肯定形式。He never wanted to go, did he?I had few apples, did I?There was nothing in the water, was there?6、陈述句部分中含有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀(如：un-, in-, im-, dis-, -less等)的词时，否定前缀或后缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：They dislike English, dont they? 他们不喜欢英语，不是吗？Thats unfair, isnt it? 那件事不公平，不是吗？You are too careless, arent you? 你太粗心了，不是吗？7、并列句的反意疑问句，问句的主语一般与最近的句子的主语保持一致。如：We must study English hard, or we arent good at English, are we?It is late now, but he goes on doing his homework, doesnt he?8、感叹句的反意问句形式。感叹句的问句中的谓语动词要用否定形式，be动词要用一般现在时形式。如：How slowly he runs, doesnt he? What a good worker he is, isnt he? 9、在there be 句型中，疑问句部分用 be (not) there 如： There is a book on the table, isnt there 10、陈述句部分是I wish句型时，附加问句部分用may I。例如： I wish I were you, may I? 我希望我是你，可以吗？I wish her to come here, may I? 我希望她到这儿来，可以吗？ 四、对反意疑问句的回答 不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用Yes，事实是否定的，就要用No。回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则，肯定的答案就yes+肯定结构；否定的答案就用no+否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符这和汉语不一样，应特别注意。如： -You are not going out today, are you? -No, I am not 是的，我今天不出去。-Yes, I am. 不，我今天要出去。高考预测题 1.Nobody says a word about the incident, _?A. is he B. doesnt he C. do they D. dont they 2.You never told me why you were late for the class, _?A. werent you B. didnt you C. had you D. did you3.They dare not call you a fool, _?A. would they B. dared they C. dares they D. dare they4.There is not much news in todays paper, _?A. isnt it B. are there C. is there D. arent there 5.The manager came here in a car, _?A. was he B. did he C. wasnt he D. didnt he6.She must have arrived there yesterday, _?A. have she B. must she C. didnt she D. mustnt she7.Peter hardly ever goes to parties, _?A. doesnt he B. do he C. does he D. is he8.What a lovely day, _?A. doesnt it B. isnt it C. shant it D. hasnt it9.Let me do it, _?A. shall I B. shall weC. will you D. will I10.Nothing he did was right, _?A. did he B. was it C. didnt it D. was he11.There used to be a church behind the cemetery, _?A. didnt there B. used there C. usednt it D. didnt it12.He must be in the library now, _?A. doesnt he B. mustnt he C. neednt he D. isnt he13.You would rather not have fish, _ you?A. hadnt B. wouldnt C. would D. had14.-You are not a new member, are you? - _. I joined only yesterday.A. No, Im not B. Yes, Im not C. No, I am D. Yes, I am15.My sister often needs help with her study, _?A. need she B. neednt she C. does she D. doesnt she16.Youd better send for a doctor for your mother, _ you?A. had B. hadnt C. would D. wouldnt17.Lets go swimming, _?A. arent we B. shall we C. will you D. wont we18.Li Ming cant be in the classroom, _?A. can he B. is he C. cant he D. must he19.He ought to have looked after his father, _?A. oughtnt he B. ought he not to C. oughtnt he to D. oughtnt to he20.I have nothing to do with the matter, _?A. have I B. has it C. do I D. does it21.He was in good heath when I saw him last time, _?A. wasnt he B. didnt he C. hadnt he D. hasnt he22.John had his hair cut yesterday afternoon, _?A. havent he B. didnt he C. hadnt he D. hasnt he23.None of the pupils attended the sports meet, _?A. did they B. do they C. didnt they D. dont they24.Id like to go with you, _?A. had I B. wouldnt I C. hadnt I D. would I25.It is the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it26.I suppose he is serious, _?A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he27.She dislikes this skirt, _?A. doesnt she B. does she C. isnt she D. is she28.You mustnt tell it to your mother, _?A. must you B. do you C. need you D. will you29.They have to face the difficulty, _?A. havent they B. dont they C. do they D. must they30.The man in blue must be your brother, _?A. mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. is he 答案与提示： 1.C当陈述部分中的主语为everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they。且陈述部分为否定意义的词nobody, 反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。 2.D当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。3.D当陈述部分中含有情态动词dare 时，反意疑问部分也应用情态动词dare（没有人称和数的变化）4.C陈述句部分含有not,是否定式，所以反意疑问部分应用肯定式。而且当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。5.D当陈述部分的动词是行为动词时，而且前面又没有任何助动词时，这时的疑问部分要用do/does/did。6.C如果must have done句式中的时间状语为表示过去的时间的词，如last year, yesterday, the day before yesterday等，反意疑问部分常用didnt + 主语。7.C如果陈述部分已有表示否定意义的副词，如never, nothing, seldom, rarely, hardly等时，反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。8.B当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be。9.C当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you。10.B当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it。11.A当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。所以此空应填didnt there 或usednt there。 12.D must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。He must be in the library now.相当于I think he is in the library now.13.C当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。如此题中的陈述部分含有would rather的否定式，则反意疑问部分用would。14.D反意疑问句的答语应根据实际情况来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no。回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示：（表示肯定，表示否定）问句中：， 或，回答中：，或，15.D陈述句部分含有实义动词needs, 所以反意疑问部分要用助动词doesnt。 16.B当陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问部分应用hadnt。17.B当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you. 但以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you。18.B当陈述部分含有情态动词must，may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致. Ling Ming cant be in the classroom.相当于：I dont think Li Ming is in the classroom.19.A当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtnt。20.C本题中的陈述部分中的have是实义动词，不作“有”解，所以反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。21.A当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。