现代大学英语精读二(杨立民版)Unit 4答案.doc

Unit 4Preview1. Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences. 1)an air crash; Washington; 19822） terrible crash; jet plane; Washington National Airport; bridge; Potomac; sank; in icy-cold water; four; survive3) great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team; to pick up survivors; “the man in the water”4) courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion5) pride; the moral power2.Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.1)The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated.2) City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and became chaotic, turned into a state of complete disorder and confusion. A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal.3)From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey.Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the elements.5) Here the human nature and natural powers are in conflict. 6）“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult.“Groping and struggling” refers to the fact that normally it is human instinct to grope for something to hang on to and struggle for life.7)The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes, are able to account for their behavior.”“Account for”: give a satisfactory explanation8) “in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the sentiment has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.10) It means the main reason for the emotional impact or the person who caused the greatest emotional impact.11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killed in an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Also mass murder; mass killings; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.“commitment”:a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.12) As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.13) “listening to ” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”; “tell ” and “saying .” are both part of the complex object of “listening to”; and “to fasten ” is part of the complex object of “tell”.14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance15) the age-old battle between humans and nature16) go at each other:fight each other violentlyact on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral principles17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand lifes true meaning.18) “hold it to a standoff”: make nature unable to win the battle immediately迫使自然接受在和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。Vocabulary1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules. 1) Turn the following into their opposite by adding in- or im-: 1. incompetence 2. immoral3. impossible4. incomplete5. impersonal6. incredible7. indirect8. immovable9. immortal10. impolite11. informal12. improper13. impartial14. impatient15. incorrect16. incapable17. insignificant18. impractical19. imperfect ;20. insensitive21. impermissible22. impenetrable23. indifferent24. immovable25. invisible26. immodest27. immature28. invaluable29. invariable30. immeasurable2）Guess the meaning of the following suffixes缺对于后缀的解释.(1)-eeReferee; employee; payee; divorcee; trainee (2)-eervolunteer; pioneer; engineer; profiteer;(3)-essStewardess; actress; conductress; tigress; lioness; duchess; countess; mistress; princess; hostess;3)Translate the following expressions paying special attention to the compound nouns in bold type made of verbs+adverbs.1. 经济起飞2. 欢送会3. 梦想复辟4. 可耻的出卖5. 后续讨论6. 产品用后就扔的现代经济7. 脸上涂脂抹粉化妆品用得太多 8. 严重的精神崩溃9. 给了个表示许可的信号10. 怀疑这是有意掩盖真相11. 我们叫个外买吧12. 在那个军事接管以后13. 给学生一些讲义14. 改革的好处15. 这联盟最后的破裂 16. 学校中途撤学的人17. 第二天清晨仍能感觉酒后头昏18. 出来参加投票的人不多2Give the opposite of the following words.1)employer2) unfasten3) bad/evil4) unidentified5) concerned/caring/interested/sympathetic6) immovable7) impersonal8) irresponsible9) selfishness10) individual/personal/specific/private11) shallow12) undress13) slightly/somewhat/in part14) deny15) bridegroom3.Translate the following Chinese into English.1)air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters2)human nature and character3)the tail section of a jet plane4)huge chunks of ice5)flotation ring6)fasten the seat belt7)cultural conflict/clash8)Flight 9119)mechanic failure10)human tragedy11)harsh remarks12) make a distinction between good and evil13)presidential monuments14)typical/classic circumstance15)universal character16)public hero17)emotional impact18)moment of high traffic (peak)19)enduring wonder20)Air Florida21)Congressional Budget Office22)mass casualties4.Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.1) refer to; known as 2) in reality; as ever; responsible for 3) brought; to tears; sticks 4) worth; refer to; On the other hand; make a careful distinction5) came to the conclusion; for the 6) takes off ; on behalf of7) to be sure; care about; rise to the occasion 8) responsible for; account for 5.Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.1) to；as2) on; to3) to; of4) on; in; under 5) according to; over 6) with; at; at7) against; for; to8) on; to9) on; to10) In/Owing to/Because of; of6. Translate the following sentences into English.1) The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash made him a national hero.2) Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning children to shore, two never returned.3) The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe they owe this to their eating habits/composition of their diet, which contains a lot of fish products.4) I know Harris. I couldnt imagine a man like him making such stupid remarks. 5) After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give her the most dangerous task.6) I hear that Lincoln delivered an extremely powerful speech on that occasion. Whatever did he actually say?7) That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to everybody. But no one regretted this move.8) As accidents go/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing out of the ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and kills a young woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man dares to challenge the people who want to take him to court because his father is a local police officer.9) Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial policy, we have to make a clear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests.10) Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving across the frozen river. Grammar1. Learn to use the appositive clause. 1. Study the clauses introduced by that and say which are appositive clauses and which are the relative clauses.Explanatory notes:a. The appositive clause is one that explains the meaning of the previous noun. b. The “noun + appositive clause” functions as a noun (phrase), and like a noun (phrase), it is used as subject, objects, and predicative.c. The “noun + appositive clause” form is used as the object of prepositions and of verbs that cannot be followed by a simple that-clause.d. Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause. Among such verbs are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion.1) appositive clause in apposition to (与同位) “the fact”2) relative clause modifying “the jets ”3) relative clause modifying “every heros line”4) appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”5) appositive clause in apposition to “proof”6) relative clause modifying “something”7) appositive clause in apposition to “the conclusion”8) appositive clauses in apposition to “the fact”2. Respond to or rewrite each of the remarks, using an appositive clause and the words in brackets. 1) The boys fear that he would fail the examination was totally groundless.2) I have a feeling that the farmers wife doesnt like the way some young people behave.3) A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung to the hope that their son would one day return home.4) I think the polices opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft is ridiculous.)5) The international community welcomes the news that the two countries have decided to return to the negotiating table. 6) A lot of scientists dont think the result of their research is absolute proof that global warming isnt really happening.7) Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had more to gain than lose.8) Our department head seems to have accepted the fact that women generally have better communication skills.2. Complete each of the sentences with an indefinite pronoun beginning with any/every/some/no, adding s or else(s) where necessary.1. Using anybody/anyone, somebody/someone, everybody/everyone, nobody/no one.1) anybody (usually in questions) / somebody (when you expect a “yes” answer 2) anybody elses 3) Everybody 4) everyone, Nobody 5) no one else 6) No one 7) anyone (in questions) 8) someone else 9) Everyone, no one10) Nobody2. Using anything, something, everything, nothing.1)everything 2)something (when “yes” is expected) /anything3)nothing 4)something, anything 5)something 6)nothing 7) anything 8) Something, anything9)something(10)nothing3. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.(1) made (2) while(3) scheduled (4) took (5) takeoff(6) by (7) But(8) dangerous (9) turn (10) Something 4. Translate the sentences using an appositive clause.1) The fact that he is somebodys relative wont change our opinion of him.2) The wives of the miners trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed by the news that their men had all been rescued.3) We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.4) Theres little hope that the patient will survive.5) The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this