前景实用英语1unit1教案.doc

Unit1 CollegeThis is the first unit of Book one.Unit 1 Lead-in and Text AIn the lead-in section, you will learn how to use some words and phrases description the universitys Life and will do some practical exercises.(1 period) 1. Study the pictures and give a brief discuss the three questions about lead-in talk on description universitys life words and phrases so as to define them.2. Words and Phrases:a. Students, classmates, sports friends.b. Classroom, football field, library, listening, playing, looking for.c. Very much so, not at all.d. on the right，on the left.e. Lecture theater.f. jump，head，goalg. freshman，sophomore，junior，senior.3. Have the students listen to dialogue 1 (2-3 times) and fill in the blanks with the missing words;4. Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers; Present more words and phrases about description Universitys life, make sure students know how to use those added words and phrases, and organize the activity to accomplish dialogue 2. 5. After a brief explanation of the dialogue1-2, the teacher gives the students a few minutes to think about the questions in the task3.6. Ask students to answer the questions about the task3.In the text A section (1-2 period)A. Lets the students answer the text-related questions(in the exercises), helps them identify the main idea of each paragraph.B. Analyzes some language points while discussing the whole text with the students. Language Points imaginev. to form a picture in your mind of what something might bee.g. She imagined singing her favorite song on a big stage. 她想象着自己在一个巨大的舞台上唱自己最喜欢的歌曲。 Close your eyes and imagine (that) you are in a forest. 闭上眼睛，想象自己在森林里。blinkn. (usually singular) the act of shutting and opening your eyes very quickly e.g. He finished all his food in the blink of an eye. 一眨眼功夫他把食物全吃光了。 She does not comprehend the meaning of my blink. 她没有领会我眨眼的意思。 I never imagined going from name games to essays in a blink I hadnt thought I would change from playing games to studying hard so fast.orientation n. training or information that you are given before starting a new job, course, etc.e.g. This is orientation week for all the new students. 这是让全体新生熟悉情况的迎新周。imaginablea. used with superlatives, and with “all” and “every”, to emphasize that something is the best, worst, etc. that you can imagine, or includes every possible examplee.g. This is the only solution imaginable. 这是唯一可想得到的解决办法。dirt cheap (informal) extremely cheap, as cheap as dirte.g. The shop owner let us have the stuff dirt cheap. (used as adverb) 店主很便宜地卖给我们这些东西。catch up on to find out about things that have happenede.g. Let me catch you up on all the gossip. 我跟你透露一点最近的闲话。rmal talk or stories about other peoples private lives, that may be unkind or not truee.g. Dont believe all the gossip you hear. 别对那些道听途说都信以为真。And then came Here the subject and verb are in an inverted order. comfirmv. to state or show that something is true or correct, especially by providing more evidencee.g. Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women. 研究证实这种风险对女性来讲要大一些。that I will be piled down with reading and papersthat I will be loaded with piles of books and papers.drop by to pay an informal visit to a person or a placee.g. Ive got to drop by the bank to get some money. 我得顺便到银行去取点钱。The rest of the language point was written on the paper of textbook.Text A-related Exercises(1 period)Guides the students through the exercises, focusing on certain items or leaving some exercises as the students homework according to the students different levels of English. Language points and related grammar一. 并列连词not onlybut also用法归纳 not onlybut also表示“不仅而且”“既又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。另外，在使用not onlybut also时还应注意以下几点：1. 有时可将but also分开用，即将but视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句子，然后将also用于句中（用谓语动词用在一起）。如：Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。2. 该结构中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成too, as well（置于句末）。如：He not only washed the car, but polished it too as well. 他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。His name is known not only in Japan, but in China. 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。3. 有时因为语境的需要，not onlybut also也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半因为承前省略的原因。如：He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。4. 当not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。5. 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。如：Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次，她还没干一点活。二What引导的名词性从句 语法：一. 要掌握好what在句子中的语义。1. 表示“的人”，相当于the person that。如：He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这样一个人的？2. 表示“的地方”，相当于the place that。如：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。3. 表示“的数目”，相当于the amount/number that。如：Our income is now double what is was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生多达2万人，是解放前的十倍。4. what的这种特殊含义可以根据句子的意思在翻译时灵活处理，不可千篇一律。例如：The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning. 那朵花的颜色与早晨的不同。（what=the color that）二. 要掌握好what引导名词性从句的类型。1. 宾语从句（用作动词或介词的宾词）。例如：When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. 求职面试时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。2. 主语从句。例如：What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话令每个与会者震惊。3. 表语从句。例如：Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. 坚定不移是一种品质能使人做好任何事情。Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样（重要）。4. 同位语从句（用在idea, message等名词后）。例如。I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道下一步我们该干什么。（Tips what引导名词性从句的三大特点：首先what引导名词性从句的时候what在句中不省略。其次，what引导名词性从句的时候具有词汇意义。最后，what引导名词性从句的时候不仅起引导作用，同时还要做句中的某个句法成分。）Grammar, F & N and WritingGrammar名词的复数形式一、概说：英语中的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式，名词的复数形式可分为规则变化和不规则变化以及一些特殊的形式。下面分别介绍。二、规则名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：1大多数在词尾加“s”，例如：books, pens, classrooms等等。2以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词大多数在词尾加“es”，例如：classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buzzes（嗡嗡声）等等。但也有例外，如：stomachstomachs(胃、肚子)等等。3以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词应改“y”为“i”，再加“es”，例如：cities, universities(大学)，factories等等。4以元音字母加“y”结尾的词应直接加“s”，例如：boys, toys等等。5以“f”和“fe”结尾的名词应改“f”和“fe”为“ves”，例如：shelfshelves， knifeknives。但也有例外，如：roofroofs， cliffcliffs（悬崖）， hoofhoofs（马蹄）， beliefbeliefs（信仰）， chiefchiefs（首领）， proofproofs(证明)，safesafes(保险箱)，reefreefs(礁)等等。此外还有一些该类名词的复数形式有两种变化形式的，如：scarfscarfs/scarves（头巾）, dwarfdwarfs/dwarves（矮子）, wharfwharfs/wharves(码头), handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)等等。6以“o”结尾的名词的复数形式一般在词尾加“es”，例如：heroheroes, echoechoes(回音)，等等。但也有例外，如：zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, photophotos, memomemos(备忘录), solosolos(独唱、独奏), kilokilos(公斤)等。7有些名词的复数形式有两种，但意思不一样，一种跟原来相同，一种跟原来不同，例如：colourcolours(颜色/旗帜)，armarms(手臂/武器)，customcustoms(习惯/海关)三、不规则变化主要有下面几种：1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如： peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼7)外来词，例如：crisis-crises(危机), basis-bases(基础)，analysisanalyses(分析)，phenomenonphenomena(现象)四、特殊的复数形式 1 一些不可数名词，如waters、teas等的复数形式可表种类，译： 各种各样的，例如：I have many teas at home.我家有许多种茶。2具体化的名词，如cloth、paper等的复数形式，可用来表示某种特殊用途的东西，例如：Please pass me a (table) cloth（桌布、台布） so that I can clean the table.I can see many sweet papers（糖果纸） on the ground after the party.3一些抽象名词，如thanks; wishes; congratulations; regards；greetings和cheers等用在英语句子里面时必须固定地使用复数形式，例如：Best wishes to you!Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.4一些数字，如1920s或1920s的，表示20世纪20年代，例如：In the 1920s, he went to a European country.He was born in the 1960s.5整十的数字的复数形式，如thirties, eighties可表示“几十岁”，例如：He joined the Party in his thirties. 他三十几岁时入党。6英文字母，如bs、fs、s(后面的“s”可以被省略)，的复数形式，例如：In the word “differ”, there are two fs.We must pay much attention to the s at the end of the words.7有时一些原来不具备复数形式的词，如dos和donts等，必要时也可以复数形式，这类词也有人把它看作是被名词化，例如：In the lab, there are many dos and many donts that we must follow.8人名，如Mary、John等可以表示“几个的人”，例如：There are two Johns in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.9姓氏，如Black, Green等可以表示一家人或者夫妻，例如：After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.五、复合名词的复数形式，一般可以分为以下几种： 1在词尾加-s或-es，例如：film-goers(常看电影的人)、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（温室、暖房）、go-betweens（中间人）、grown-ups（成年人） 2在主体名词末加-s，例如：lookers-on（旁观者）、passers-by（过路人）、sons-in-law（女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳妇）、gentlemen-at-arms（侍卫官）、ladies-in-waiting（侍女、宫女）3两个成分都加-s，例如：men-doctors（男医生）、women workers（女 工人）。 但英、美国家的人不用lady来搭配复数，因为它带有轻视的语气。而含 boy或girl的复合名词中，boy和girl都不用复数，例如：boy-students（男学生）、girl nurses（女护士）、boy friends（男朋友）、girl monitors女班长不规则单词复数总结deer- deer sheep- sheep fish- fish Chinese- ChineseJapanese- Japanese foot-feet tooth-teeth goose geese man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-childrenthis-these that-thoseI-we me-us you-you he/she/it/-they him/her/it-themFunctions and NotionsGreeting and IntroductionObject: Master the basic language and skills to use greeting and introduction sentence and phrases.A. Give a brief translation on some common expressions for making Greeting and Introduction so as to more understand them;B. Have the students listen to dialogue 1-2 (2-3 times) and fill in the blanks with the missing words;C. Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers;D. Now have them look for the attitude words and phrases in the conversation;E. Next, students can role-play the conversation.Exercise: Make a conversation according to the following situation, using expressions for greeting and introduction.On the way to Teaching Building One, your friend and you meet a visiting student from America who is going to study in your class for one term.The teacher tells them how to do these exercises and presents any topic-related expressions on the chalkboard in advance, which can be used when the students make preparation for oral presentation.WritingWriting for General Purposes: General or Specific WordGeneral英语语言中笼统词有have， take， go， turn， make，