高考英语七选五汇编及答案.doc

2013北京一、二模七选五汇总1. 说明文部分：海淀一模：ApathyApathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 71 _They may alsoexhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works.72 _ Also meaning “absence of passion” in Greek, the term “apatheia” was used by the Stoics(禁欲主义者)to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside ones control.The modem concept of apathy became well known after World War I，when it was called “shell shock. ” Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw thebattlefields filled with dead and wounded companions. 73 _ In 1950，US novelist Passos wrote “Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. ” US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏）74 _There may be other things contributing to a persons apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved insomething. 75 _ These include ： political media that make it difficult for potentiallyinterested people to find relevant information，and media descriptions of heroes as “ chosen ” by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate.A.It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference.B.Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.C.He focuses on designed choices that deliberately or indeliberately exclude people.D.The word “dispassion” is used for “apatheia”，so as not to confuse it with apathy.E.So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction.F.Although the word “apathy” originates from “apatheia”，it is important not to confuse the two terms.G.Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people，in which they get a sense that “nothing matters”.西城一模：Swapping Houses for Vacation When budgeting for a vacation, usually the most expensive part of the trip is the accommodationsThe traditional way to take a vacation is to pack some bags, lock up the house, and travel to a new place to stay in a hotelHowever, hotels are very expensive, and with rent or housing loan（贷款）due every month, its difficult for most people to pay for yet another place to stay 71 Luckily, there is a substitute called house swapping, and its saving tourists a great deal of cash 72 For example, if a couple from New York want to spend a week in Paris, they would place an ad offering to trade their New York apartment for one in Paris for a weekIf a Parisian couple that want to vacation in New York read the advertisement, houses can be swapped, and both couples save hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars by avoiding big-city hotel feesIf all goes well, both couples can post positive reviews of the others home online so that potential travelers can see that everything was fine 73 This builds a community of people who want tohelp each other outThere are other advantages co house swapping as well74 Staying at someones homeputs you in a neighborhood that can give you a better representation of the life and culture in theplace youre visiting75 The next time you want to spend your vacation in a new place, butdont want to pay a fortune, check whats posted online and find a house to swapAHouse swapping is most common in New York and ParisBHotels are often quite difficult to book when you want to explore a new homeCA lot of times, this extra cost prevents travelers from going very far from homeDTo swap houses, people check the Internet for others planning to travel and trade homesEWith many house swapping sites growing, this new phenomenon is becoming easier than everFHotels are often located where few people live, making them a strange place to experience a cityGOn theother hand, if there were trouble, people could write about that to wan others not to trust the swappers东城一模：I know just how you feelDo you feel sad? Happy?Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions isuniqueWell, think againEven the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified,according to Mind Reading, a DVD exhibiting every possible human emotion 71In the mid 1800s, Darwin divided the emotions into six typesanger, fear, sadness,disgust, surprise and enjoymentMore complex expressions of emotion were probablylearned and therefore more specific to each cultureBut now it is believed that many morefacial expressions are shared worldwide 72 The Mind Reading DVD is a systematicvisual record of these expressionsThe project was designed by a Cambridge professorHis research team first had todefine an emotion 73 Using this definition, 412 emotion terms were identified anddiscussed, from afraid to wantingThen each expression is acted out by six different actorsIt was really clear when the actorshad got it right, says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVDAlthough they were given somedirection, the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move74 Someone who has tried to set such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, whobuilt database of how the face moves for every emotionThe face can make 43 distinct musclemovementsEkman has also found that it may not be possible for people to reproduce themartificiallyThe most difficult expression to reproduce is the smileIt isnt only aboutstretching the lips, but tightening the tiny muscles around the eyes 75 If we learnt torecognize whether someone was using their eye muscle when they smiled, we would be ableto distinguish true enjoyment from falseAIt shows 412 distinct ways we feelBThese can be combined into more than 10,000 facial shapesCThese particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do itDThey decided that it was a mental state that could be introduced by I feel or he looks or she soundsEHe said the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any cultureFIt is as if they are programmed into the brains of normal humans wherever they are and whatever their racesGWe thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this朝阳一模：Stay on the brighter side of lifeOne very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being.Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what youre grateful for. _71_Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like youre happyeven if you arent. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. _72_ Reassure yourself that everything is goodeven if you dont feel it.“_73_ If youre stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too,” says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, youre setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that youre stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window.That way, youll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. _74_Youmay even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going. _75_ Try making someone elses day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life. A. Try to help someone in need.B. Want to give your attitude a lift?C. People tend to think in an either-or way.D.Act in an optimistic waysmile, laugh, tell a joke.E. Youll fail to appreciate more important things in your life. F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.石景山一模：Lack of sleep switches offgenes One week of bad sleep can switch off” hundreds ofgenes and raise the risk ofa host ofillnesses which is linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease, scientists claim 7 1 Getting fewer thansix hours sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replaceor repair damaged tissue, but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working 72Scientists from Surrey University divided 26 volunteers into two groups, one of which slept for lessthan six hours per night for a whole week, and one which slept for ten hours per nightAt the end ofthe week each group was kept awake for 40 hours and donated blood samples, which were studied toexamine the effects of their sleep states 73 Although a weeks normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern,researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems includingheart disease74 Prof Colin Smith, one of the authors of the new paper, which was published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, said: This is only a week of short timesleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night, Many people have that amount of sleep forweeks, months and maybe, even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be. If these processes continue to be disordered, you could see how you are going to get damage oforgans, tissues, heart disease, etc 75AGenes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process ofself-repairBThe group oflack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711 genesCThe other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some ofthe nights.DThe results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heartdiseaseEIf you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer permanent ill health.FStudies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems, for example limiting our ability to drive a car safelyGThe findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing itself and raise the risk ofa host of diseases丰台一模：“Tear them apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee（裁判）！”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. 71 They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to violence. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations（含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. 72 The dictionary meaning of “opponent ” is “enemy” or “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may control ones brains. 73 I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player started to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player hitting his opponent with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. 74 It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to a higher level. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” 75 You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.” A. Reflect a moment!B. Does that make any sense?C. But lets not kid ourselves.D. Such rude comments express ones strong desire to win. E. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.F. Players sometimes turn to violence hoping to injured opponents.G. And every action, no matter how rude, may be considered acceptable.西城二模：The word diary comes from the Latin word diarium , which means daily allowance71 And it is used for business notes, planning activities, keeping track of scheduled appointments, or documenting what has already happenedSome doctors suggest that writing in a diary is a good form of self-studyIn America, from the 1940s through the 1980s, a diary was thought of mostly as a way to privately express ones deepest thoughts while keeping notations about the day 72 Many times, movies would show a teenage girl beginning to write in her diary while she said aloud, Dear diary 73 A diary kept by a young German Jewish girl by the name of Anne Frank provides us with invaluable lessons about history, for she documented her experiences while she hid from the Nazis during their occupation of the Netherlands in World War IIHer diary became one of the worlds most widely read books and is the basis for many filmsSamuel Pepys, who lived during the 17th century, is the earliest diary keeper that is famous todayHis diary is also an important documentation of history, for it gives personal insight （洞察力） into Londons Great Plague and the Great FireHis diary is being published on the Internet, and its interesting to note that there has been a new entry every day since January of 2003It will continue over the course of several years to come74Todays electronic version of the diary, the web log or blog has once again stretched the diary to be much more than a personal account of the days eventsThere are blogs to document recipes, traveling, movies, independent news, product announcements, photos, and anything else that needs to be recorded over timeSearch engines like Technoraticorn have been created to keep track of the more than 112 million blogs that are currently public75 AIt refers to a book for writings by dateBIn its newest form, the diary has become more popular than everCReading his diary is fascinating, and it makes his life all the more real to usDPeople love to write diaries, so whenever they are free, they will write a few linesEThose private reflections may have historical significance long after the authors deathF. Nowadays, the blog has taken the place of the diary and becomes more and more popularGIn those times, and even continuing on today, writing in a diary was like writing to a special friend东城二模：Ive been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes greatly. _71_ Though you need to employ both while you are writing to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much you might like to think so or even try to do so. Trying to criticize(批评) writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us often come across. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar mistakes while you are trying to seize upon a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you catch the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world just in raw form, no one is likely to understand it. _72_ The practice that can help you to get rid of your bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no correcting, no deleting. _73_ As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows wildly and you just let themselves be noted down on your paper or your screen. _74_ Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank, start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. _75_.A. Try to find faults in the raw writing.B. The goal is to get the words flowing.C. Write down the words comin