[四级词汇]2013四级考试核心词汇及例句分析.doc

alter v. 改变，改动，变更 How animals alter colors to match their surroundings？ （2006年6月17日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷)） burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂 If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了. dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) All the furniture has been disposed of. 所有的家具都已处理掉了. blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉 Lance Bass of N Sync was supposed to be the third to make the $20 million trip, but he did not join the three-man crew as they blasted off on October 30, 2002, due to lack of payment.（2006年12月24日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷)） consume v. 消耗，耗尽 The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油. split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的 The children split (up) into groups. 孩子们分成了小组. split peas 干豌豆瓣儿 spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 He took one sip of the wine and spat it out. 他抿了一口酒, 又吐了出来. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了? slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 He anticipates a world with the share of people who are native English speakers slips from 9% in the mid 1990s to 5% in 2050.（2006年12月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(B卷)） slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 I was sliding (about) helplessly (on the ice). 我（在冰上）身不由己地滑起来了. have a slide on the ice 在冰上滑行 bacteria n. 细菌 bacterial contamination 细菌感染. breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔 What breed is your dog? 你的狗是什麽品种的? To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent.（2007年6月23日大学英语四级 (CET-4) 真题试卷(A卷) Passage Three） budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排 The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this years budget. 人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收. If we budget carefully, well be able to afford a new car. 我们精打细算就能买辆新汽车了. candidate n. 候选人 Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.( 2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) campus n. 校园 The news soon went round the campus. 消息很快传遍校园。 liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 a liberal translation giving a general idea of the writers intentions 对作者总体意思的意译.transform v. 转变，变革；变换 She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her, ie so that she is no longer shy. 她过去十分?腆, 但在国外呆了一年以後完全变了. transmit v. 传播，播送；传递 The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. 世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播. transplant v. 移植 Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.( 2006年6月17日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Passage Four) transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具 transport goods by lorry 用卡车运载货物. I normally travel by public transport. 我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具. shift v. 转移；转动；转变 The wind shifted from east to north. 风由东转向北. vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化 Opinions vary on this point. 对这一点看法各异. vanish vi. 消灭，不见 The thief vanished into the crowd. 那小偷消失在人群中. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子 Taking pills is easy; just put them in your mouth and swallow. 服用药片很容易, 只须放在口中咽下即可. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心 He was arrested on suspicion of having stolen the money. 他因涉嫌偷那笔钱而被捕. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的 Im very suspicious about her motives. 我对她的动机甚为怀疑. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 He gave a mild answer, in spite of his annoyance. 他尽管已恼火, 但回答得还是很和蔼. tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的 A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.( 2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物） The noise was so loud that it was a nuisance to the neighbours. 那声音大得让邻居讨厌. insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 The rate has fallen by an insignificant amount. 比率虽有下降, 但微不足道. accelerate vt. 加速，促进 The growth of weeds is accelerated. (2006年12月24日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Passage Three) absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 Its an absolute fact. 这是千真万确的事实. boundary n. 分界线，边界 The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线. brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车） His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡峭的山路上失灵了. The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him. 那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上, 司机猛踩刹车.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目 Do you have a catalog or something that tell me about your company? 你有没有产品目录或者向我们介绍贵公司的材料？ Can you catalog all these books? 你能给所有这些书编目录吗？ vague a. 模糊的，不明确的 Im still vague about what you want. 我还是不清楚你想要什麽. vain n. 徒劳，白费 All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 If we continue to destroy the countryside many more animals will become extinct. 我们若继续破坏自然环境, 将会有更多的动物绝种. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle (2006年6月17日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Part III Vocabulary) extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分 Thats why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的药物) and buying gas masks. (2006年12月24日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Passage one) Love and hate are extremes of passion. 爱与恨是感情的两个极端. agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable. ( 2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精 He was a good student, but he liked to drink alcohol and play card games for money. (2006年12月24日四级听力原文 Passage one) appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求 The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏 Im most appreciative of your generosity. 我对你的慷慨感激之至. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准 Probably the most incredible aspect of this proposed space tour was that NASA approved of it. ( 2006年12月24日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) stimulate vt. 刺激，激励 Praise always stimulates him to further efforts/to make greater efforts. 一表扬他就能激励他更加努力. acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到 Figuring out how humans acquire language may shed light on why some children learn to read and write later than others (2006年12月24日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行 accomplish ones aim, a task 达到目的 完成任务 network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品。 tide n. 潮汐；潮流 Swimmers should be ware of strong tides. 游泳的人要提防汹涌的潮水.听力简单来说有这么几条规律。打工苦挣钱，有钱决不存，专买便宜货，没钱空抱怨。没事老生病，最怕人丢脸，说话爱拐弯, 身材不可变。找谁谁没空，电话错千遍。电影演讲常无聊，火车飞机难准点(同样适用于人)。a.不直接说出价格,反而说出所付的钱以及找回的钱,要同学们计算 b.不买正价物品，专买打折货（save, at a .% discount, knock .% off the price, on sale/special, bargain, second hand, used.）a. 对对话场所或者是某事物的方向进行判断,答案不会直接出现,但是会出现相关词汇帮助同学们进行判断.如: dishes, menu, order, go Dutch, pay the bill/treat- stamps, envelopes, packages, parcel, postage- reserves, check in/out, room service, lobby, reception desk- brand, size, color, style, discount, cashier- boarding card, cancel a flight, take off, land, passport, visa- cough, give an injection, take temperature, pill, aspirin, capsules- open an account, deposit, cash/check, draw out, interest rate-建议与请求建议题是四级听力里的大头了,一般来说占3/10.选项思路: a.观察选项, 如果四个选项全是涉及不同动作的句子,并且是某一个人作主语,或者全部是不定式/ing形式,那么就可以初步断定此题属于offer and request范围内,然后给选项中动词划线. b.万能规律: 留心对话中动词同义词,留心被请求一方的态度肯定还是否定, 关键词为but或者是任何转折或矛盾的词.1. 关于have sth. done和have sb. do sth.不要粗心犯错误.第二人对话中使用了转折词but, 一方提出计划或行动, 另一方前半部分表同意,但马上用but提出要做别的事引申推理题1转折让步, 听懂转折和让步含义才能正确把握说话者的意图这类题型非常常见，尤其是转折类，常被用来表示否定回答。听音时一定要抓住转折和让步关系的句子，选项往往是他们的近义句或者是对他们进行推理的结果。要求大家对转折关键词but，表让步的关键词although, though, in spite of等有高度的敏感性2) 在明确拒绝别人之后，内心不安后悔，于是采取打一巴掌揉三下政策，其后也常接转折 3）一些特殊词语可以暗示转折含义，如：used to, men to do, usually, intended to do, thought to be, suppose, assume, schedule等。 条件句句型：if, unless, suppose, in case, as long as等引导的从句，也有with/without引导的短语。虚拟语气句型A. if虚拟句(与现在过去将来相反的虚拟语气)B. if only后的从句，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，用could, would等+动词原型表示对将来憧憬。如：If only it would stop snowing!C as if, as though引导的壮语从句中多用虚拟语气，用过去时表示与现在相反，过去完成时表示与过去相反。如：You look as if you had seen a ghost.D For fear that, lest, in case引导的目的状语从句中，可以用should+动词原型表示虚拟，也可以用may或者might，如：he is studying hard for fear that he should/might/may fail the exam.E Wish后面的虚拟宾语从句，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，用could, would等+动词原型表示对将来憧憬，如：I wish I had been to France.4含义隐藏的否定与肯定回答(同意与不同意) 补充几个特殊否定句: (CET-4高频句式)I cant agree with you more. Its none of your business. He is not so much of a good doctor.The young man is by no means polite. I wouldnt have missed the match for anything. (无论如何也不会错过.)You can never be too careful while crossing the road. Under no circumstances should I break my promise.Never fail to do sth. 上题属于语调类,升调(不肯定, 疑问), 降调(肯定, 叙述)she is beautiful为例. 拉长语音表讽刺(仍用上例), 声音变高表喜悦,惊讶(I pass the exam!)凡在选项中出现agree/ disagree, shareopinion, like/dislike, think/ dont think之类词语的题目一般来说是要求判断第二个人是否同意第一人的观点,因此要特别注意第二人的说话,尤其是其言外之意.Tom is so handsome!-you cant be serious!/get out of my face!/ do you really think so? I cant agree with you more. You see, countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.2. 因果关系推理(明示因果和暗示因果)表原因词汇: because, for, since, as, now that, in that, because of, due to, owning to, thanks to, as a result of, on account of, that is why, cause, give rise to, result form 表结果的词汇: so, sothat, in order that, as a result, lead to, result in, consequentlyCompound Dictation补充一些常用动词短语1. break break down 出了故障 break in(into) 闯入 break out 爆发 break up with sb. 和某人分手2Turn turn down 拒绝；把音量调低 turn from 扭头不理 turn over翻倒3.stay up late开夜车 4come come down with 突然生病,病倒 come to a stop停下来 come under criticism 受到批评come up出现,来临 come up with ome to轮到,说到5. clear clear up放晴6.catch atch up with赶上 catch up on 补上，赶上 catch ones breath喘口气 7. doze off打瞌睡（可用来表示电影无聊）8. cut cut down on减少 cut in line=jump the queue cut out天生具有某种才能阅读部分 三步解题第一步：速度原文做路标 第二步：明确题型找考点 第三步：重叠原文定答案有所不为 避难就易 简化信息 考点路标主题句主题句是最重要的考点标志，文章主旨就来自于主题句。主题句表达中心思想，其他的句子均围绕其展开说明或议论。主题句通常以判断句的形式出现，在文中的位置为：1 首段的开头 重点词：however, but, yet, on the contrary, in fact2首段末句或第二段的首句 总结提示：in conclusion, to conclude, in summary, to sum up, in short, in brief, in a nutshell推断提示：therefore, thus, as a result, accordingly 转折提示：but, however标新立异提示词：every parent, a popular belief, frequently assumed, universally accepted2 特殊标点引主题：破折号，括号和冒号 转折 关键词：however, but, yet, in fact等强烈表达标志词：must, all, only, anyone, always, never first, most beautiful only, solely, unique, merelykey, important, essential it is . that, 倒装句因果关系 段落第一局如果为因果关系,通常为考点 细节因果关系关键词:basis, result, consequence, reason result in, result from, base .on. , be due to because, since, for, as, therefore, so, thus, why, with as a result, consequently例证 标志词: for example, as, such as, for instance1 主旨题首段+尾段=文章中心思想. 一定要注意把握首尾两段,尤其是首段, 首段一般都会有一道题. 议论文,说明文的开头各段地一句话常常分别是点明全文大意和主题句和各段的中心;文章的结束语往往是全文的结论.效率高的考生往往采用预读法,逐字逐句读文章第一段和最后一段,其余各段只读首句. 分类: 分类说明的各大项相加时间顺序:主体常在首或末段 从一般到具体: 首段 从具体到一般:末段 对比说明: 对比的共同点或差异为主题2.细节题在具体做题时，要注意以下几个方面：A. 找关键词，确定问题是关于人物的，时间的，地点的还是原因或者结果的。然后在文章中找到这些字词或者他们的同义词近义词出现的语句，答案就在周围。B 注意标志性的词或词组一些词的后面通常跟着某一方面的细节，如first, second, then, finally, last, other, another, also, in addition, besides, moreover, further, furthermore, equally等。C 在文章中寻找不同的表达方式有些选项不是文章原句或者原词，而是近义词或同义词，一定要耐心寻找2 判断推理题 细节（局部性问题）= 问题题干里的中心词 大意（篇章性问题）=全文中心思想3 观点态度题 关于态度或基调（Attitude/Tone）类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常用的选项有：（1） positive（积极的）（2） negative（消极的）（3） neutral（中立的）（4） approval（赞成的）（5） disapproval（不赞成的） （6） indifferent（漠不关心的）（7） sarcastic（讽刺的）（8） critical（批评的） 9） optimistic（乐观的）10） pessimistic（悲观的）作者的观点态度=主题句+重点词汇4 词汇题。考察词汇=上下文中的前后相关词 定义或重述 利用相关信息 用比较对比 利用举例1 没有必要使用从句没有掌握基本的表达方法，因此不该使用从句的地方却使用了从句One of these changes is the emergence of the computer in nearly every corner of the world.Another result worthy of mentioning is the broadening of view and open-mindedness of people in general.The ease of communication helps us to enjoy life more. People used to consider the world vast and mysterious.People today are often too busy to exercise. If not done properly, sports can result in injury and if overdone, it can result in lack of concentration.甚至有一些在中学学过的表达我们也忘了They point out that of the five official UN languages, English is the most useful and the mother tongue of most people.This is a recent and growing problem in cities in China. One should view failure as a learning experience.The ideal age to study abroad is 22, after graduating form college. You may find out you have a lot in common with them.Friends can now talk on the telephone no matter where in the world they are. People view money differently.有的时候没有必要的使用从句是因为没有使用更简单的并列句或者并列结构，误以为谈到一个以上的事务，必须有一个要用从句来表达。Their improved English will give them a big advantage when looking for work.People like to travel for different reasons. Access to information is much easier in the city.过多地使用从句，可能与下笔的时候缺乏考虑有关，或者是没有进行必要的修改。We should learn to say “no”, especially when you do not have the time to help. It is easy to travel to meet others anywhere in the world. Modern science has made the world smaller.与千篇一律地使用几个优先的词汇一样，许多同学特别喜爱使用几个固定的句式。其中最严重的就是it is .或者it is.that.这样的从句，已经到了被滥用的地步。Teenagers will no doubt benefit from their overseas education. I think studying is the most important part of college life.2. 需要使用从句的时候 前面举的例子都是没有必要的运用复杂的句式。但是从句使用有时候是非常必要的。他的左用是把要分成几个句子表达的意思用同一个句子就说清楚。从句的根本目的还是为了简化句子。On the other hand, some people believe students should concentrate on their studies. While some people are fond of traveling, others are not. Those who keen on traveling maintain it helps to expand their scope of knowledge in geography and history.有时候需要用从句或短语来代替呆板的“主谓宾”结构的句子。 Cooking is different from place to place as a result of different cultures and living style. We help each other by sharing joy and tears and facing the diffic