人教版必修一Unit 3 Travel Journal reading 课时作业 (1).docx

unit 3 travel journal reading 课时作业阅读理解 a the recession (经济衰退) of 2008 2009 was remarkable in rich countries and the following recovery is weak. the labor market has also broken the rules, as new research from the oecd shows in its annual employment outlook. young people always suffer in recessions. employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new young people because they are easier to fire. but in the previous recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked out. this time is different. during the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups. the researchers focus on changes in “non-employment” as a share of the total population of three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. this measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. while the average non-employment rate in the oecd has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25 to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group. why have older employees done so well? in some southern european countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in the past recessions. “what has changed,” says stefano scarpetta, head of the oecd, “is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff.” the past early-retirement schemes (方案) provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. these have largely been stopped. job losses among older workers have also been more than offset (抵消) by falls in inactivity, reflecting pressures that were already obvious before the crisis. older workers now have a sharper motivation to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on wealth. besides, older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less physically demanding. they are also more attractive to employers than previous generations. todays 55 to 64-year-olds are the advance group of the post-war generations who benefited from better education than their previous ones. many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. that view is absurd. first, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed “lump of labor (劳动合成)”. and second, as the report shows, young and old people are in general not replacers in the workplace. they do different types of work in different types of occupation; younger people are more attracted by it firms, for example, while older folks tend to be employed in more traditional industries. there are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but getting older workers out of the workplace is not one of them. 1. the original purpose of the past early-retirement schemes provided by governments is to _. a. cut the high cost of the elderlyb. make room for young people c. establish good social welfare system d. guarantee the retirement life of the elderly2. why do older workers have a lower non-employment rate than the young people? a. their health condition is better than that of the young people. b. they have better education background than the young people. c. the present retirement scheme ensures them more benefits than the previous one. d. their education background caters to employers more than that of the young people.3. which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “fallacy” in the last paragraph? a. wrong belief.b. common assumption.c. simple truth.d. beautiful dream.4. what could be the best title of the passage? a. unfair in employment? b. job discrimination? c. young people suffer? d. glad to be grey?bchina suffers choking smog, mass destruction of habitats and food poisoned with heavy metals. but ask an environmentalist what is the countrys biggest problem, and the answer is always the same. “water is the worst,” says wang tao, of the carnegie tsinghua centre in beijing, “because of its shortage, and because of its pollution.” “without water,” agrees pan jiahua, of the chinese academy of social sciences, “people cannot survive in a desert.” wang shucheng, a former water minister, once said, “to fight for every drop of water or die. that is the challenge facing china.” he was not exaggerating (夸大).china uses 600 billion cubic meters of water a year. the national average hides an even more alarming regional difference. four fifths of chinas water is in the south, particularly the yangtze river basin. half the people and two thirds of the farmland are in the north, including the yellow river basin. beijing has the sort of water shortage usually associated with saudi arabia: just 100 cubic meters per person a year. china is using up water at an unsustainable (无法可持续的) rate. as if that were not bad enough, _. the yellow river is often called the cradle of chinese civilization. however, a third of the water is unfit even for agriculture. four thousand petrochemical factories are built on its banks.the water available for use is thus so bad. song lanhe, chief engineer for urban water quality monitoring at the housing ministry, says only half the water sources in cities are safe to drink. more than half the groundwater in the north china plain cannot be used for industry, while seven tenths is unfit for human contact, even for washing. the best answer would be to improve the efficiency (效率) with which water is used. only about 40% of water used in industry is recycled, half as much as in europe. the rest is dumped in rivers and lakes. wang zhansheng of tsinghua university argues that china is neglecting its urban water infrastructure (基础设施), leading to more waste. water prices in most cities are only about a tenth of the level in big european cities, yet the government is unwilling to raise them, for fear of a popular criticism. the result is that chinas “water productivity” is low. rather than making wise reforms in pricing and water protection, china is focusing on increasing supplies. the best known such project is the three gorges dam on the yangtze. but this year an even vaster project the south north water diversion project (南水北调工程) is due to start. it will link the yangtze with the yellow river, taking water from the wet south to the dry north. when finished, it is intended to deliver 45 billion cubic meters of water a year and to cost a total of 486 billion yuan ($79.4 billion). the environmental damage could be huge. the yangtze is already seriously polluted. the project so far has reduced the quantity of underwater life in the yangtze by over two thirds. and that was before it even opened. ma jun, chinas best known environmental activist, says the governments preference for giant engineering projects only makes matters worse, “causing us to hit the limits of our water resources”. the water crisis is driving china to desperate but eventually unhelpful measures. 5. from the first two paragraphs we know that _. a. water is badly polluted in most of the area of china b. the water in china is unfit for people to survive in a desert c. wang shucheng was sad about chinas future d. people in north china are facing a more serious water shortage6. which of the following may help complete the missing sentence in para. 3? a. china is polluting what little water it has left. b. the biggest damage of the water shortage could be political. c. 300 dead bodies were found floating in the yellow river near lanzhou. d. the chinese government have reacted to water problems by huge but harmful projects.7. how does song lanhe convince us that the water available for use is so bad? a. by listing data.b. by giving examples. c. by making comparisons.d. by delivering warnings.8. china can raise “water productivity” by _. a. offering diverse water supplies and conservation b. strengthening construction of water infrastructure and recycling c. raising water prices in big cities as european countries d. building up more giant water projects and cooperating with neighbors9. according to the author, the south north water diversion project is _. a. a vast and significant projectb. a huge and promising project c. a giant but unsuccessful projectd. a costly but effective project10. by saying “the water crisis is driving china to desperate but eventually unhelpful measures” in the last paragraph, the author implies _. a. there is no good way for china to solve the problem of water crisis b. more giant projects like the three gorges should be built c. it is urgent for china to deal with the crisis of water shortage and pollution d. china should put forward other efficient ways instead of those giant engineering projects阅读理解答案14 bcad 510 daabcd二、书面表达 请阅读下面有关学生自理能力的漫画及相关文字，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。many students rely too much on their parents about daily issues.(friday afternoon. on the phone.)son: mum?mother: yes?son: all of my socks are dirty. what shall i do? mother: no worry! ill help you this weekend.son: 【写作内容】1.用约30词概括漫画的主要内容；2.分析学生自理能力差的原因，并谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；3.谈谈如何增强学生的自理能力。【写作要求】1可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓