八年级英语上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.doc

教师讲义 佳音语法精修班Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?知识目标：1.复合不定代词 2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词Section AStep 1 . Words Expression1. vacation n. 假期；休假 【常用搭配】on vacation 在度假；在假期中 go on vacation 去度假 take a vacation at/in 在.度假 【辨析】 holiday & vacation 两者都指工作日以外的休息时间，但不包括周末或仅仅一天的休息日； holiday 多 用于英式英语； vacation 多用于美式英语。2. anyone pron. 肯定句意为“任何人” ； 否定和疑问句意为“有人” anyone不定代词，相当于anybody. 做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。反义词 someone = somebody 用于肯定句中。 【辨析】 anyone& any oneanyone只能指人，后面不能接of短语Anyone in our town knows him.我们镇上每个人都知道他。any one既可以指人也可以指物，表示“（某些人或物中的）任何一个”，后面可接of短语。You can read any one of the books here.你可以读一下这里的任何一本书。 【中考链接】 - Can you cook eggs with tomatoes? - Yes, of course. A can do it, because it is easy, I think. A. Anyone B. Someone C. No one D. None of us 3. everyone pron. 每人；人人；所有人，相当于everybody。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone in our class likes Mr.Liu. 我们班的每个人都喜欢刘老师。 【辨析】 everyone & every one everyone 只用来指人，等同于everybody，其后不可接介词of； every one是两个词，既可指人，也可以指物，后面可跟介词of。 4. most adj. 最多的，大多数的 adv. 最；最多；最大程度地 pron. 最多；大多数 【用法点拨】most of.做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后的名词，of 后的名词是复数 则谓语动词用复数形式，否则用单数形式。 Eg. Most of the students like (like)this idea. Most of the apple is (be)bad. 5. feel v. 感觉，觉得 eg: I dont feel well today. 今天我感觉不舒服。【用法点拨】1)feel后通常跟动名词作宾语补足语 Eg: I feel my heart beating fast. 我感到我的心跳得很快。 2)feel 作为感官动词时后接形容词作表语，意为“摸起来，感觉起来” Eg: The hamburger feels soft. 汉堡摸起来很软。 He feels angry today. 他今天感到很生气。 【拓展】 feel like 意为“给.的感觉；感受到” Eg. The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours. 面试只进行了十分钟，但觉得像几个小时似的。 还可以意为“想要”，后接动词时，要用doing形式。 Eg. He didnt feel like going to work. 他不想去上班。 6. decide v. 决定，下决心 名词为decision 【用法点拨】decide后用动词不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth. 决定做某事 变为否定句时在to之前加not, 即decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事7. seem v. 似乎，好像 【用法点拨】 seem常用作连系动词， seem + to do sth “似乎做某事”，或接名词，形容词作表 语 “似乎是.；好像.”。 Eg: The twins seem very happy. She seems to know everything. 还可以构成“It seems + that从句”句型，此句型相当于sb/sth seems to be + 形容词. Eg: It seems that he is ill. = He seems to be ill. 【拓展】 seem like. “好像，似乎.” Eg. 它好像是个好主意。 It seems like a good idea. 8. try v. 试图，设法，努力 【常用句型】1) try to do sth. “尽力做某事” Eg: Please try to finish the work in an hour. 请尽量在一小时内完成这项工作。 2) try doing sth. “试着做某事” Eg: I am trying doing it in this way. 我正试着用这种方法做这件事。 3) try ones best to do sth. “尽某人最大努力去做某事”= do ones best to do sth. n. 努力，尝试 have a try 试一试9. different adj. 不同的，名词为difference 【常用短语】be different from 与不同 反义词： the same as Eg: My bag is different from yours. 我的书包和你的不一样。10. top n. 意为“顶，上部” Eg. Tom is standing at the top of the hill. 汤姆正站在山顶。 【常用搭配】at/on the top of 在.的顶部/顶点 adj. 意为“顶部的；顶端的”11. wonderful adj. 极好的，精彩的，绝妙的Eg. 我过了一个愉快的周末。 I had a wonderful weekend. 12. hen n. 母鸡 【拓展】 公鸡 rooster 小鸡 chicken 猪 pig 山羊 goat 绵羊 sheep 母牛cow 公牛 bull/ ox 马 horse 鸟 bird 鸭子 duck 13. bored adj. 意为“厌倦的；烦闷的” Eg. 我对他说的话很厌烦。 Im bored with what he said. 【辨析】 boring, boredboring指事物“令人厌烦，无聊”一般修饰物或事，作表语和定语bored指人“感觉烦，无聊”一般修饰人，作表语 Eg.这个老人觉得很无聊，她每天看无聊的书。 The old lady is bored. She reads a boring book every day.14. quite adv. 相当，十分 【辨析】quite与very quite修饰名词时，当名词前有形容词修饰时，quite可放在冠词前，若用very则放在 冠词的后面 Eg: He is quite a clever boy. = He is a very clever boy. 他是一个相当聪明的男孩。 【辨析】quite a few & quite a littlequite a few相当多；不少修饰可数名词复数He will stay here for quite a few days.quite a little许多，相当多修饰不可数名词There is quite a little water in the bottle.15. few adj & pron 不多；很少 quite a few 意为“相当多； 不少” Eg. He has quite a few friends. 他有相当多的朋友。 Quite a few of them enjoy football. 他们中不少人喜欢足球。 【辨析】a few, few, a little. Little修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词肯定（有些，有几个） a fewa little否定（几乎没有，很少） fewlittle16. activity n. 意为“活动” ，复数形式 activities Eg. 学生们喜欢户外活动。 Students like outdoor activities. 17. enjoyable adj. 意为“愉快的，快乐的” Eg. 我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。 Im sure we will have an enjoyable vacation. go 18. go v. 去 go shopping意为“去购物，去买东西”，同义短语 do some shopping 【拓展】“go + doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。 去爬山 go climbing 去滑冰 go skating 去远足 go hiking 去观光 go sightseeing 去钓鱼 go fishing 去游泳 go swimming 去进行滑板运动 go skateboarding 去野营 go camping 去冲浪 go surfing 骑自行车旅行 go bike riding 去划船 go boating19. because of 意为“因为；由于”Eg. 因为天气冷我没去看电影。 I didnt go to the movies because of the cold weather. 【辨析】because& because ofbecause of介词短语，后跟名词或代词，可置于句首或句末。because 后常接表示原因的从句，语法较强，可回答why引导的特殊疑问句。不可与so连用。 【链接】 He had to retire early D poor health. A. as a result B. because C. so D. because of20. enough adj. 意为“足够的，充足的；充分的”， 修饰名词时放在所修饰的名词前后均可。 Eg. enough money / money enough 足够的钱 adv. 意为“足够地，充分地”，修饰形容词，副词时，放在形容词或副词后面。 【链接】 Now, some robots are C to do the same things people. A. Enough smart; as B. enough smart; for C. smart enough; as D. smart enough; with21. diary n. 日记；记事簿22. paragliding n. 滑翔伞运动23. building n. 建筑物；房子 动词形式 build “建造” ；名词形式： builder “建造者” Eg. 建造者们正在建造一个建筑物。 The builers are building a building. 24. trader n. 商人 同义词： businessman 25. wonder v. 想知道；琢磨 同义短语： want to know Eg. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在过去这里的生活是怎样的。 = I want to know what life was like here in the past. 26. wait v. 做不及物动词，意为“等待；等候” 要与介词 for Eg. 我正在车站等你。 Im waiting for you at the station. 27. umbrella n. 伞；雨伞28. wet adj. 湿的；潮湿的；下雨的 反义词： dry 干燥的29. below prep.&adv. 在.下面；到.下面 on/above/over/under/below 的区别示意图 30. hungry adj. 饥饿的 名词：hunger “饥饿” 反义词： full 饱的 Eg. 我现在很饿。 Im very hungry. 31. as prep.作为，当作 Eg：As a student, you should study hard. 作为一名学生，你应该努力学习。 adv. 像.一样；如同 【拓展】as.as. 意为“和.一样.”，第一个as是副词，第二个是连词，中间用形容词或副 词原级。 Eg.她唱歌唱得和她姐姐一样好。 She sings as well as her sister. as.as. 的否定形式是not as/so.as. 意为“不如.” Eg. 这个箱子不如那个重。 The box is not as/so heavy as that one. 32. dislike v.&n. 不喜爱（的事物）；厌恶（的事物）其后可接 doing sth. ， 代词 或 名词 作 宾语。同义词： hate 反义词： like/ love ,他们的使用方法一样。 【链接】I dislike playing (play) computer games.33.Central Park 中央公园（美国纽约曼哈顿）纽约“后花园”34. Malaysian adj.马来西亚的 n.马来西亚人35. Tinaanmen Square 天安门广场36. the Great Wall 万里长城37. palace n. 宫殿 Summer Palace 颐和园 the Palace Museum 故宫博物院38. of course 当然 Section B 不定代词&一般过去时态第11页（共11页）一、不定代词概念：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 构成：复合不定代词由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。常见的不定 代词如下表所示：分类不定代词作形容词every, other, no作名词Anybody, anyone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one, anything, everything, nothing, others, the others, one, none即可作形容词也可作名词(a) little, much, another, each, neither, either, (a) few, both, many, all, any, some, the other用法： （一）指代对象1. 含-body和-one的复合不定代词只用来指人，在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。2. 含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。 （二）复合不定代词的数 做主语时，都具有单数的含义，当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如： Is everyone here today? （三）与形容词一起用时，需将形容词后置 something interesting （四）含some-和any- 的复合不定代词的用法区别 1. some-主要用于肯定句；如： He found something strange but interesting. any- 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：Do you have anything to say? 2. 但在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something. 一般用来表示询问对方是否想 要些吃或喝的东西。如： Would you like something to drink? 【易错】1. someone, anyone, everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of 连用；当他们分开写时则既可指人又可指 物，可与介词of连用。2. no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可以用 来指人也可以用来指物，可与介词of连用。3. 回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。4. 除no one 以外，其他复合不定代词都可写成一个词；除none外，其他复合不定代词都不可接 of.。2、 一般过去时态概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语： yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天),ago, last, just now, at that time, in 2000等句式结构：l 一般过去时的be动词用 was / wereeg: I was a student ten years ago. They were good friends at that time.l 一般过去时的动词要变成过去式，变成否定句或疑问句时用did帮助eg: We played football after school last year. He played football after school last year. We didnt play football after school last year. Did he play football after school last year?不规则动词变过去式：1 动词的过去式与动词原形一样。let-let put-put read-read cut-cut 等2 遇见i改为a swim-swam sing-sang begin-began sit-sat give-gave drink-drank 口诀： 游泳唱歌后，开始坐下来，给点喝的。i就变成a.3 过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词。bring-brought, buy-bought, think-thought, catch- caught, teach-taught4 中间去e 某位加t。feel-felt keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept meet-met feed-fed口诀： 动词中间两个e，去掉一个后加t；如果是t，d来结尾，去e之后不加t。5 把i变为o ride-rode drive-drove write-wrote 6 ow/aw变为ew know-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew7 以d结尾的词，把d变为t build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent 跟踪练习：1 单项选择（ B ）1. - September 10th is Day in China, isnt it? - Yes,it is. A. teacher B. Teacherss C. Teacher D. Teachers （ D ）2. - Does the soup nice? - Yes. Its hot, but really delicious. A. sound B.feel C.look D.taste（ D ）3. I enjoy my bike in the mountains. A.ride B. rode C. to ride D. Riding（ A ）4. Why dont you your friends to the party? I want to meet them. A. bring B.brings C.leaves D.take （ C ）5. - Dont forget your homework, John. - OK. Ill do it right now. A.doing B.do C.to do （ B ）6. - I feel tired and sleepy. - Why not stop for a while? A. rest B.to rest C.testing D.rested（ A ）7. - Why not John a toy car for his birthday? - Good idea! He is crazy about cars. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys（ D ）8. Project Hope built many schools big classrooms and libraries. A.in B.of C.for D.with（ B ）9. The soccer math was exciting that everyone was cheering and jumping. A.very B.so C.too （ A ）10. Teachers always tell me computer games too much. A.not to play B.to play C.not play D.plays2. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. There are a lot of building in the city. 2. John didnt have an umbrella so he was wet. 3. I like the food because it tastes great. 4. I like staying at home, and I dislike going out. 5. I wander how he got there. 三. 句型转换： 1. I did my homework yesterday. (改为否定句) I didnt do my homework yesterday. 2. She went to New York on vacation. (就画线部分提问) Where did she go on vacation. 3. Vera visited the Great Wall last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) Did Vera visit the Great Wall last Sunday? 4. He went to the beach last week. (就画线部分提问) What did he do last week? 5. The students had great fun in the park.(改为同义句) The students had a great time in the park. Section C 1 . 阅读理解 Mr. Green was nearly ninety, so it was often difficult for him to remember things, but he still liked travelling very much. He and his wife went to India to visit their friends every year. One summer when they were there, they went to visit their best friend. Their friend had two young daughters. One afternoon, Mr. Green was talking to one of the girls in the garden after lunch. “You and your sister wereill when my wife and I were here last year, werent you?” he said to her. “Yes, we were ,” answered the girl. “We were ill.” The old man said nothing for a minute, because he was thinking. Then at last he said, “Oh, yes. I remember now! One of you died. Which one of you was it,you or your sister?” The girl answered, “It was me.”Oh! Im sorry to hear that,” said the old man. 根据短文内容填空，每空限填一词。 Mr.Green was very 1 , so it was hard for him not to 2 things. Every year the 3 went to India. There they 4 some friends. One afternoon, Mr.Green was talking to one of his friends 5 . The old man asked the girl if she and 6 sister were ill last year. The girl 7 that both of them were ill. The 8 man thought for a moment, then he 9 which of them were ill. The felt very interesting and 10 him that it was her. She played a joke with the old man.1. old 2. forget 3. Greens 4. visited 5. daughters 6. her 7. answered 8. old 9. asked 10. told 2 . 补全对话 A: Hi, 1 did you go on vacation? B: I 2 to the beach. A: How was the 3 ? B: 4 hot and sunny. A: 5 you swim? B: Yes, I did. The weather was really warm. What 6 you? 7 was your vacation? A: Its bad. I went nowhere. I 8 at home and watched TV. 1. where 2. went 3. weather 4. Its 5. Did 6. about 7. How 8. stayed 3 . 完形填空 Thursday, August 15th Sunny Great weather! It was sunny yesterday. We arrived in Beijing at 9:00 in the morning. We hadbreakfast on the plane. We went to the hotel by taxi. 1 lunch and a short rest, we took a bus to the Summer Palace. We 2 the whole afternoon there. While we were in a boat on Kunming Lake, we 3 someone singing Beijing Opera on the bank. The singing sounded very 4 . In the evening we 5 to Tiananmen Square because it was next to our hotel. We took some 6 there. I think my parents will like them. This morning when wo walked to the Palace Museum, wo passed by a square and saw some people 7 . The kites were in different shapes. Some were 8 bird, and some were like fish. They Were really beautiful. Tomorrow Ill go to the aquarium(水族馆), and 9 Beihai Park. The day after tomorrow well 10 the Great Wall. I hear its very great and i think I will have great fun playing there.( D ) 1. A. Before B. For C.At D. After( B ) 2. A. took B. spent C. got D. did( A ) 3. A. heard B. felt C. had D. made( C ) 4. A. terrible B. sad C. beautiful D. exciting( A ) 5. A. walked B. rode C. drove D. flew( B ) 6. A. food B. pictures C. time D. games( B ) 7. A. drawing pictures B. flying kites C. dancing D. singing( D ) 8. A. with B. from C. as D. like( A ) 9. A. then B. now C. so D. again( C ) 10. A. watch B. leave C. visit D. meet4 . 阅读短文Kevin: I went to a beautiful beach with my family last summer. We stayed in a hotel near the sea. It was clean and quiet. We stayed there for six days. Every day we went swimming in the sea.Nick: I went to climb the mountains with my friends last weekend. The weather was warm. We took a walk in the mountains and saw a lot of monkeys and rabbits. They were cute. There were also many beautiful flowers.Susan: The