虚拟语气及专项练习题解.doc

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 过去 （=可转换为：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 将来 (= 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.过去 (= 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如： IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。 Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形devide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.insist和suggest是常见的动词，它们各自在词义及用法上具有双重性，弄不好会出错误。 一、insist： A）作“坚决认为”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。如： Iinsisted(toeveryone)thathewaswrong我对每个人坚持说他错了。 TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel这阿拉伯人坚持说他从没看见过这头骆驼。 B）作“坚决主张、坚决要求”解释时，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语用（should）dosth。如： Iinsistedthathe（should）gotoseemyfather我坚决要他去见我的父亲。 TheArabinsistedthatthey（should）lookforthecamel这阿拉伯人坚持要他们去寻找这头骆驼。 同时，我们也可以用insistonsth或insistondoingsth来表达上述的两种意思。如： Iinsistedonmycorrectness（IinsistedthatIwascorrect）我坚持认为自己是对的。 Heinsistsonhisinnocence（Heinsiststhatheisinnocent）他坚持认为自己无罪。 Weallinsistonnotrestinguntilwefinishthework（Weallinsistthatweshouldnotrestuntilwefinishthework）我们都坚决要求不完工就不休息。 Heinsistsonmybeingpresentatthemeeting（HeinsiststhatIshouldbepresentatthemeeting）他一定要我出席这个会议。 二、suggest： A）作“使想起、暗示、表明”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。如： Herexpressionsuggestedthatshewasangry她的表情显示出她生气了。 Areyousuggestingthatheistoooldforthejob？你的意思是说他年纪太大了而不能干这工作？ B）作“建议”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，也就是说宾语从句的谓语用（should）dosth。如： Isuggestedthatshe（should）leaveearlyfortheairport我建议她早点儿动身去机场。 HesuggestedthatI（should）wearajacket他建议我穿一件夹克衫。 我们也可以用suggest（oneones）doingsth来表达“建议”。如： Isuggestedourclassholdingameetingtodiscusstheproblem（Isuggestedthatourclassshouldholdameetingtodiscusstheproblem）我建议我们班开个班会讨论这个问题。 Hesuggestedputtingoffthesportsmeettothenextweek（Hesuggestedthatthesportsmeetshouldbeputofftothenextweek）他建议运动会推迟到下周。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, essential, strange,等+that(should) + 动词原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.不是只能跟虚拟语气的. 你要分清什么时候才用虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。如果不是表达那些意思的话是不用到虚拟语气的例如:It is strange that he had made a mistake. 奇怪的是他犯了一个错误。 这是一个陈述句，就是陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。 It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. 他居然犯了一个错误，真令人奇怪。 这是虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。 It is/was 形容词/名词that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求，命令或者责备，但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。 以下为词典原句:(不过考试作文中建议你还是多用虚拟语气) It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。 It is a pity (that) he lost so much money. 他损失这麽多钱，真是遗憾。 He was a very brave man and it is surprising that he lived so long. 他是一个非常勇敢的人，而令人惊讶的是他活得那麽长命。 It is strange that nobody knows where he lives . 真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。 附：虚拟语气用在主语从句中有以下几种情况： 1.在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that . 中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(should) + 动词原形。 如： Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 2.在句型It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that . 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: (should) + 动词原形。 如： It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误 It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了。 3.在句型It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that . 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(should) + 动词原形。 如： It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday. 大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。 It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令马上用飞机把药送往那里. (个人认为上面的第3种情况基本都要用虚拟语气，因为这里都是表示命令或要求，而第1和第2两种则视说话者要表达的意思决定。)3、wish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：as if (though)连接的从句，即可表示对现在、将来时间的虚拟，又可镖是对过去时间的虚拟，具体句型：主句+as if (though)+主语+01.were/过去时 表示与主句动作同时发生02.could/would +动词原形表示动作可能在将来发生03.had+过去分词表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前eg. He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.would rather后接that从句,从句用虚拟语气, 即用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作或状态,用过去完成时表示过去的动作或 状态。 would rather had done 没有这个用法如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。虚拟语气 表示对过去的虚拟语气 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action. 虚拟语气专项练习题(1). If I_you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they_speakwith French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt(3)_today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her.”“You mean to say_, you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_. A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him,_to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I_travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). _I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11)._your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have_ I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong_.” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_television on week nights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I_. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I_ have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time_on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decidedwish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)(19). Id rather you_ anything about it for the time being. For the time being暂时;眼下,目前Lets share the room for the time being. 我们暂时合住一个房间吧! Lets do it just for the time being. 我们暂时这么做吧。would rather后可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。如： Id rather she set out to do the work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。 Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。 A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone_in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian (图书管理员) act?”“He acts as if he_a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has beenas if (though)连接的从句，即可表示对现在、将来时间的虚拟，又可镖是对过去时间的虚拟，具体句型：主句+as if (though)+主语+01.were/过去时 表示与主句动作同时发生02.could/would +动词原形表示动作可能在将来发生03.had+过去分词表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前eg. He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished. 酒后驾车将受到法律制裁 A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you_interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he_a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, _. A. should you see her today虚拟语气，对将来进行虚拟用过去将来时should 这里表示万一。 B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today (28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made (30). The manager would rather that his wife_work in the same office as he dose. A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be(32). I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_there. A. went B. was C. were D.had been(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(贩毒) A. did away with( do away with 废除;去掉 They decided to do away with the rule. 他们决定废除这条规则。 B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with 虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A虚拟语气练习 1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. fire brigade n. 消防队a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2.If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. a.you would meet John already b. you wont have missed John c.you will have met John d. you would have met John 3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk 4.The insects would devour（耗尽） all our crops and kill our flocks and heads (牛羊), if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. （食用昆虫的动物）a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not 5.The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make c. makes d. will make 6.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place. 如果我处在你的位置上，那么她怎么对你，我就怎么对她a. be b. am c. was d. were 8.The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.Its high time you _. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work 10.“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I _ able to play so well now.” a. wouldnt be b. wont be c. wouldnt have been d. couldnt have been 11.It is imperative that you _ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be 12.The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system. a. as if it were b. as if they were ( 可以说，在一定程度上) c. as it were d. as if are 13.We required that the machine parts _ cast iron. a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by 14.The management urged that the cost of production _. a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced b.be further reduced d. should further reduced 15.The business is risky. But _ we would be rich. a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed 16.I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet. a. isnt going b. werent going c. will not going d. could have gone 17.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night. a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone 18.Id just as soon _ rudely to her. 1. I would just as soon stay at home .我宁愿呆在家里.(与不带to的动词不定式连用时,表示一般可实现的愿望)2. I would as soon you didt tell me about that.我宁愿你不曾告诉我这件事.(与从句连用时,从句的谓语用过去式,表明是虚拟语气)a. that you wont speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didnt speak 19.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. a. should livewould spend b. will live .should spend c. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent 20.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 21.His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program. a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning 22.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed 23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made 24.The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition. a.be not told b. not be told c. will