人教版选修七Unit 1 Living well Grammar(II)学案.docx

unit 1 living well grammar(ii)学案导学目标 掌握不定式to do的句法功能、时态及省略。 自主合作探究i. 不定式作定语1) she has a lot of work to do. 2) he is always the first to come and the last to leave.3) his first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 归纳拓展：1. 在下列名词之后常接不定式作定语：ability, attempt, claim, chance, decision, desire, plan, promise, wish、right, courage, need, time, opportunity, way, the first, the second, the last, the only等。如： his attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.注意：名词chance, way等之后，也可接of doing sth.作定语。2. 在序数词或被序数词所修饰的名词后用不定时作定语。注意：1. 不定式作定语常表示将来的动作或事情。2. 不定式与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍然用不定式的主动语态。如只有动宾关系，而又在句中找不到有逻辑上的主谓关系的词，则需要用被动语态。试比较：lets go downtown. do you have anything to buy this afternoon?（buy由句中主语you来做）ill go downtown. do you have anything to be bought ?(很明显，“我”要进城，buy与you不存在逻辑上的主谓关系)3. 不定式在有些句子中做定语相当于一个定语从句.如：the sports meet to take place (=which /that will take place) in our school next week will surely succeed.即景活用：1) his first book _ next month is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。2) many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _(repair) first is the library.ii. 不定式的时态1) he seems to know this.2) it is important to read english every day.3) the bridge to be built next year is very long.4) im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.5) his new novel is said to have been published.6) she happened to be writing a letter when i passed by.归纳拓展：动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing/a. 1. 不定式的一般式: 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 2. 不定式的进行式:不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作。 3. 不定式的完成式: 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。b. 不定式的被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。c. 不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。 即景活用：1) the novel is said _into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。2) it happened _when i got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。3) the engine just wont start. something seems _ (go) wrong with it.iii.不定式的省略1) they had nothing to do but move.2) i dont go swimming now but i used to.3) -have you told allen about the concert? -sorry, but i ought to have. 归纳拓展：1. 不定式在介词but, expect后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to.2. 在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或补语的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。注意: 但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。即景活用：1) he didnt do anything but_(抱怨).2) susan is not what she_(susan不再是过去的样子).达标检测 1) the ability _(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself .2) i send you 100 dollars today, the rest _(follow) in a year. 3) the airport _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.4) there are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.5) with so much work_(do), i cant go swimming with you.6) your cousin is said _(design)a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he will finish it?7) he claimed _(treat; ba